In an era of increasing life expectancy and growing patient demands towards lifelong natural tooth retention, accurate assessment of gingival recessions is crucial for diagnosing periodontal diseases, planning preventive or restorative interventions, and evaluating their outcomes. The traditional two‐dimensional (2D) methods, while useful, often fall short in capturing the complex topography of gingival

The maxillary and mandibular canines are described by many clinicians as the “cornerstone” of the arch. When in their optimal position, they play a critical role in providing a well‐balanced occlusal scheme that contributes toward functional as well as neuromuscular stability, harmony, esthetics, and dentofacial balance. When an aberration is noted with the normal eruptive and development process,

For decades, periodontitis has been considered to be a local inflammatory disease of the periodontal tissues in the oral cavity. Initially, associations of periodontitis with a multitude of noncommunicable diseases were each studied separately, and relationships were shown. The associations of periodontitis with morbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus,

Periodontal diseases, a group of complex conditions marked by an excessive immune response and periodontal tissue destruction, are a global health concern. Since 1990, the incidence of these diseases has doubled, with Western sub‐Saharan Africa experiencing the highest burden. Accurate diagnosis and case identification are crucial for understanding the etiology, features of disease, research, treatment

To provide an overview of the use of autogenous platelet concentrates (APCs) in periodontal regeneration and to conduct a systematic review (SR) of the treatment outcomes of periodontal intrabony defects by using platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) compared with other commonly utilized modalities. The eligibility criteria comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical outcomes of PRF with

Uneven gingival margins may cause visible asymmetries during smiling and may reflect alterations in the tooth shape and morphology, particularly in cases requiring restorative procedures. Despite being perceived as a minor health condition, presence of uneven gingival margins usually impacts the smile aesthetics and could affect the individual's appearance, self‐esteem, and overall quality of life

Gingival recessions are vastly prevalent among the general population. With regards to their treatment, recent advancements in periodontal and microsurgical procedures, focusing on minimal invasiveness and patient‐centered therapies, have propelled a shift in their contemporary treatment, highlighting the field of biologics and bioactive mediators. Among different classes and types of biologics, autologous

In order to evaluate the therapeutic advantages of various autologous platelet concentrates (APC) as a single biomaterial during alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), a systematic review with meta‐analyses was conducted. PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus were screened for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that were released prior to 2024. The selected papers compared an APC with either unassisted

Medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an infectious side effect associated with bisphosphonates and monoclonal antibodies (denosumab, immune modulators, and antiangiogenic medications). Adjunctive therapies for the surgical management of MRONJ include autologous platelet concentrates (APCs). These APCs serve as a source of various cells and growth factors that aid tissue healing and

The objective of the study was to compare the treatment outcomes of periodontal furcation defects by using platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) with other commonly utilized modalities. The eligibility criteria comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the clinical outcomes of PRF with those of other modalities for the treatment of furcation defects. Studies were classified into 11 categories in

In high‐income countries, the oral health of the population is influenced by public health interventions, widespread use of oral care products, dental practice measures, and the cost of dental treatment. We compiled information on changes of the prevalence of proximal and upstream determinants of periodontitis, caries, and tooth loss over the last three decades to outline their potential effects on

Surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars is often followed by postoperative sequelae like pain, swelling, trismus, etc. This systematic review explored the benefits of applying different autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) in the extraction socket of third molars. For this systematic review, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus have been utilized, initially yielding 544 papers

Inflammation is a complex physiological process that plays a pivotal role in many if not all pathological conditions, including infectious as well as inflammatory diseases, like periodontitis and autoimmune disorders. Inflammatory response to periodontal biofilms and tissue destruction in periodontitis is associated with the release of inflammatory mediators. Chronic inflammation can promote the development

Leukocyte‐ and platelet‐rich fibrin (L‐PRF), a by‐product of centrifuged autologous whole blood, contains high concentrations of platelets, leukocytes, and fibrin (the latter spontaneously creating a strong 3‐D network (a membrane)). L‐PRF membranes possess several characteristics essential in wound healing, including a barrier function, an antibacterial and analgesic activity, and the release of growth

There is a postulated association of periodontitis with a number of human cancers. This narrative review provides current epidemiological evidence on the association between periodontitis and cancer. A PubMed search with the relevant keywords (periodontal disease, periodontitis, cancer, and malignancy) was completed to identify relevent articles. We present a narrative review on the association between

Severe periodontitis lesions can harbor several hundred‐thousand copies of active cytomegalovirus, and this paper proposes that cytomegalovirus in maternal periodontitis can infect the fetus. Cleft lips and palates may be oral examples of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Anti‐cytomegalovirus periodontal treatment is indicated for high‐risk women who exhibit severe periodontitis and weakened immune

This special issue on autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) provides clinicians with an overview on the current understanding of the use of these biomaterials for soft and hard‐tissue regeneration. The included papers summarize scientific evidence and the clinical findings, presented in simple tables that outline potential benefits including Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). This approach

Sleep is fundamental for health and well‐being. An adequate amount and quality of sleep is a cardinal component of a healthy lifestyle at the basis of the prevention of many non‐communicable chronic diseases. Recent evidence suggests that sleep disorders, particularly obstructive sleep apnea, represent an emerging risk factor for periodontal health. This review article provides a critical appraisal

Chronic inflammatory periodontal disease and its related condition, peri‐implant disease, are highly prevalent globally and require accurate and speedy diagnosis. The focus of this volume dedicated to diagnostics is to cover modern enhancements in accuracy, simplicity and speed. An international assortment of experts has been tasked with reviewing defined areas of current best practice as well innovation

Following a comprehensive patient examination, including the assessment of periodontal and peri‐implant diseases as well as considering the patient's needs, a pretherapeutic prognosis for each tooth and implant is given. Teeth and implants with a secure pretherapeutic prognosis require simple procedures and may be regarded as secure abutments for function and with a doubtful pretherapeutic prognosis

This review highlights the significance of interactions between the microbiota, immune system, nervous and hormonal systems, and the brain on periodontal health and disease. Microorganisms in the microbiota, immune cells, and neurons communicate via homeostatic nervous and hormonal systems, regulating vital body functions. By modulating pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory adaptive immune responses

This review aimed to answer the general question of whether autologous platelet concentrates (APCs, an autologous blood‐derivative) can improve the outcome of alveolar bone augmentation. Three clinical scenarios were assessed: horizontal/vertical bone augmentation in combination with implant placement (simultaneous approach), horizontal bone augmentation in a staged approach, and vertical bone augmentation

Chronic inflammation poses challenges to effective cancer treatment. Although anti‐inflammatory therapies have shown short‐term benefits, their long‐term implications may be unfavorable because they fail to initiate the necessary inflammatory responses. Recent research underscores the promise of specialized pro‐resolving mediators, which play a role in modulating the cancer microenvironment by promoting

Orthodontic therapy applies forces to teeth, causing an inflammatory reaction in the periodontal ligament. This is repaired by remodeling of the periodontium, allowing tooth displacement. Although orthodontic therapy is mostly initiated during childhood and adolescence, the number of adults seeking this treatment is increasing as our society's esthetic awareness rises. However, adults may already have

While autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) have gained traction as promising regenerative materials in recent years, their impact on wound healing and tissue regeneration in periapical hard tissue defects remains controversial. Endodontic microsurgery (EMS) has embraced the potential of platelet concentrates, particularly L‐PRF (Leucocyte‐Platelet‐Rich Fibrin) and PRP (Platelet‐Rich Plasma), as

Understanding patient responses to periodontal regeneration is crucial. This systematic review and meta‐analysis addressed two key questions: (a) the impact of periodontal regeneration on patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) for intrabony and furcation involvement and (b) the cost‐effectiveness of periodontal regeneration for treating periodontal defects. Twenty‐four studies were included, with

This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the use of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) in esthetic medicine, with the goal of providing clinicians with reliable information for clinical practice. APCs contain platelets that release various growth factors with potential applications in facial and dermatologic treatments. This review examines several facial esthetic applications of

Recent advances in human genomics and the advent of molecular medicine have catapulted our ability to characterize human and health and disease. Scientists and healthcare practitioners can now leverage information on genetic variation and gene expression at the tissue or even individual cell level, and an enormous potential exists to refine diagnostic categories, assess risk in unaffected individuals

This narrative review evaluates the existing literature on the clinical efficacy and safety of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGFs) in extra‐oral wound care, considering their potential benefits and drawbacks. The review specifically focuses on the impact of these treatments on patients' quality of life, pain management, treatment costs, recurrence rates, and potential

The study aims were (1) to explore whether “periodontal treatment” consisting of surgical therapy (flap, resective, or regenerative) or scaling and root planing treatment with long‐term periodontal maintenance treatment, is cost‐effective in terms of preventing periodontitis‐attributable tooth extraction and replacement by implant‐supported crowns (“extraction/replacement”); (2) to assess the effect

The oral microbiota develops within the first 2 years of childhood and becomes distinct from the parents by 4 years‐of‐age. The oral microbiota plays an important role in the overall health/symbiosis of the individual. Deviations from the state of symbiosis leads to dysbiosis and an increased risk of pathogenicity. Deviations can occur not only from daily life activities but also from orthodontic interventions

In the era of personalized/precision health care, additional effort is being expended to understand the biology and molecular mechanisms of disease processes. How these mechanisms are affected by individual genetics, environmental exposures, and behavioral choices will encompass an expanding role in the future of optimally preventing and treating diseases. Considering saliva as an important biological

Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent chronic diseases, and severe periodontitis creates functional and esthetic problems and decreases self‐esteem for a large percentage of the older population worldwide. In many cases of periodontitis, there is no distinct tell‐tale pain that motivates a patient to seek treatment, rather the signs become clinically detectable late, and typically when the disease

Regenerative periodontal therapy aims to form new cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, all sealed by gingival tissue. The root surface acts as the wound margin during this regeneration process. Root surface biomodification (root conditioning/root decontamination), therefore, seems instrumental in promoting surface decontamination and enhancing tissue attachment by removing the smear layer

Increasing evidence suggests a significant association between periodontal disease and the occurrence of various cancers. The carcinogenic potential of several periodontal pathogens has been substantiated in vitro and in vivo. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse mechanisms employed by different periodontal pathogens in the development of cancer. These mechanisms induce chronic

This review discusses the role of diagnostic measures in the lifelong management of periodontal disease and peri‐implant complications. After active treatment, these conditions require regular monitoring of the supporting structures of teeth and dental implants to assess bone and soft tissue health over time. Several clinical measures have been developed for the routine assessment of periodontal and

Radiographic examination has been an essential part of the diagnostic workflow in periodontology and implant dentistry. However, radiographic examination unavoidably involves ionizing radiation and its associated risks. Clinicians and researchers have invested considerable efforts in assessing the feasibility and capability of utilizing nonionizing imaging modalities to replace traditional radiographic

While peri‐implant mucositis relies solely on clinical parameters, radiological assessment becomes indispensable for diagnosing peri‐implantitis. Intraoral radiography, with its simplicity of application, low radiation exposure, and adequate representation of peri‐implant structures, stands out as the standard of care for both immediate and follow‐up assessments. Standardization by custom‐made radiologic

The purpose of this review was to summarize the evidence with regard to behavioral and psychosocial assessment of the periodontitis patient, the candidate for implant therapy, and the peri‐implantitis patient. Periodontitis has an adverse effect on quality of life and its treatment can lead to significant improvements experienced by the patient. The latter is true for rehabilitation with dental implants

Periodontal diseases pose a significant global health burden, requiring early detection and personalized treatment approaches. Traditional diagnostic approaches in periodontology often rely on a “one size fits all” approach, which may overlook the unique variations in disease progression and response to treatment among individuals. This narrative review explores the role of artificial intelligence

The survival of an organism relies on its ability to repair the damage caused by trauma, toxic agents, and inflammation. This process involving cell proliferation and differentiation is driven by several growth factors and is critically dependent on the organization of the extracellular matrix. Since autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are fibrin matrices in which cells, growth factors, and cytokines

The diagnostic accuracy of clinical parameters, including visual inspection and probing to monitor peri‐implant conditions, has been regarded with skepticism. Scientific evidence pointed out that primary diagnostic tools (chairside) seem to be highly specific, while their sensitivity is lower compared with their use in monitoring periodontal stability. Nonetheless, given the association between pocket

Accurate diagnosis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases relies significantly on radiographic examination, especially for assessing alveolar bone levels, bone defect morphology, and bone quality. This narrative review aimed to comprehensively outline the current state-of-the-art in radiographic diagnosis of alveolar bone diseases, covering both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) modalities

This narrative review addresses conventional diagnostic criteria used in clinical practice to discriminate between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Visual examination of the color and texture of the periodontal tissues, assessment of plaque deposits, periodontal probing assessments, and diagnostic imaging enable the collation of information to make a periodontal diagnosis, followed

In patients with advanced periodontal disease, pathological tooth migration may occur, which may require subsequent orthodontic treatment for both aesthetic and functional purposes. When planning orthodontic treatment mechanics, intrusive or extrusive forces are frequently indicated. Understanding tissue reactions during these movements is essential for clinicians when devising a comprehensive ort

Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) have demonstrated clear benefits across various clinical applications, including alveolar ridge preservation, guided tissue regeneration, guided bone regeneration, sinus floor elevation (both lateral window approach and transcrestal technique), endodontic surgery, the treatment of medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw bones, and periodontal plastic surgery

Microbial analytical methods have been instrumental in elucidating the complex microbial etiology of periodontal diseases, by shaping our understanding of subgingival community dynamics. Certain pathobionts can orchestrate the establishment of dysbiotic communities that can subvert the host immune system, triggering inflammation and tissue destruction. Yet, diagnosis and management of periodontal conditions

Currently, autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) are frequently used for soft‐ and hard‐tissue regeneration, not only within the oral cavity, but also extra‐orally including chronic wounds, burns, joints, dermatological conditions, among others. The benefits of APCs are largely influenced by the treatment strategy but also their preparation. This paper therefore discusses in detail: the physical

This article gives an overview of the societal and economic aspects of periodontitis and periodontal care. Despite its largely preventable nature, periodontitis is highly prevalent worldwide and imposes a substantial health and economic burden on individuals and society as a whole. The worldwide estimated direct treatment costs and productivity losses due to periodontitis (including for periodontitis‐related

Periodontal and peri‐implant diseases result from a chronic inflammatory response to dysbiotic microbial communities and are characterized by inflammation in the soft tissue and the ensuing progressive destruction of supporting bone, resulting in tooth or implant loss. These diseases' high prevalence, multifactorial etiology, extensive treatment costs, and significant detriment to patients' quality‐of‐life

Liquid biopsy is a noninvasive diagnostic technique used for monitoring cancer utilizing specific genetic biomarkers present in bodily fluids, such as blood, saliva, or urine. These analyses employ multiple biomolecular sources including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and exosomes (that contain DNA fragments) to detect genetic biomarkers that can predict, disclose, and/or

Osseointegration is defined as the direct deposition of bone onto biomaterial devices, most commonly composed from titanium, for the purpose of anchoring dental prostheses. The use of autologous platelet concentrates (APC) has the potential to enhance this process by modifying the interface between the host and the surface of the titanium implant. The rationale is to modify the implant surface and

This review focuses on three major aspects of oncoviruses' role in cancer development. To begin, we discuss their geographic distribution, revealing that seven oncoviruses cause 20% of all human cancers worldwide. Second, we investigate the primary carcinogenic mechanisms, looking at how these oncogenic viruses can induce cellular transformation, angiogenesis, and local and systemic inflammation. Finally

The aim of this narrative review is to relate the contribution of European researchers to the complex topic of the host immune system in periodontal disease, focusing on acquired immunity. Other chapters in this volume will address the genetics and autoantibody responses and other forms of immunity to periodontal disease. While the contribution of European authors is the focus, global literature is

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is the platelet and leukocyte‐containing plasmatic fraction of anticoagulated autologous blood. While evidence supporting the clinical use of PRP in dentistry is low, PRP is widely used in sports medicine, orthopedics, and dermatology. Its beneficial activity is commonly attributed to the growth factors released from platelets accumulating in PRP; however, evidence is indirect

Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published

Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of various diseases. Over 5000 publications are currently being published

The components and dimensions of the periodontal and peri‐implant phenotype have a high relevance in contemporary dental research and should be taken into consideration in the decision‐making process in the management of a variety of clinical scenarios to optimize the outcomes of therapy. Various assessment methods for quantifying and classifying the phenotypical dimensions have emerged and developed