Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent chronic diseases, and severe periodontitis creates functional and esthetic problems and decreases self‐esteem for a large percentage of the older population worldwide. In many cases of periodontitis, there is no distinct tell‐tale pain that motivates a patient to seek treatment, rather the signs become clinically detectable late, and typically when the disease has progressed to a problematic level for the life of the dentition. Early periodontal screening and diagnostics tools will provide early recognition of periodontal diseases and facilitate timely management of the disease to reduce tooth loss. To this goal, gingival crevicular fluid is easily sampled, can be repeatedly and non‐invasively collected, and can be tested for potential biomarkers. Moreover, the site specificity of periodontal diseases enhances the usefulness of gingival crevicular fluid sampled from specific sites as a biofluid for diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of periodontal diseases. The present review aimed to provide up‐to‐date information on potential diagnostic biomarkers with utility that can be assayed from gingival crevicular fluid samples, focusing on what is new and useful and providing only general historic background textually and in a tabulated format.

中文翻译：

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龈沟液成分在牙周诊断中的应用


牙周病是非常普遍的慢性疾病，严重的牙周炎会造成功能和美观问题，并降低全世界大部分老年人的自尊心。在许多牙周炎病例中，并没有明显的疼痛促使患者寻求治疗，而是在临床上较晚才发现症状，通常是在疾病发展到对牙列寿命有问题的程度时。早期牙周筛查和诊断工具将有助于及早识别牙周疾病，并有助于及时治疗疾病，以减少牙齿脱落。为了实现这一目标，龈沟液可以轻松取样，可以重复且非侵入性地收集，并且可以测试潜在的生物标志物。此外，牙周病的部位特异性增强了从特定部位采集的龈沟液作为生物流体用于牙周病的诊断和纵向监测的有用性。本综述旨在提供有关可从龈沟液样本中检测的潜在诊断生物标志物的最新信息，重点关注新的和有用的内容，并仅以文本和表格形式提供一般历史背景。