RATIONALE Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) hinders lung transplant success. A 2019 consensus refined CLAD diagnosis, introducing probable or definite CLAD based on persistence of lung function decline. Outcomes and risks for probable CLAD remain uncertain. OBJECTIVES Determine the prognosis and clinical risks for probable CLAD in a prospective multicenter cohort. METHODS Clinical Trials in

Rationale/Objective: Acute exacerbations (AEs) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Whether mucus plugs are associated with prospective exacerbations has not been examined extensively. METHODS Mucus plugs were visually-identified on baseline chest computed tomography (CT) scans from smokers with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive

RATIONALE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition that is usually treated by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, but poor adherence is common and is associated with worse patient outcomes and experiences. Patient satisfaction is increasingly adopted as a quality indicator by healthcare systems. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that peer-driven intervention effected through

RATIONALE Serum Immunoglobulin G (IgG) deficiency is associated with morbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but it is unclear whether concentrations in the lower end of the normal range still confer risk. OBJECTIVES To determine if levels above traditional cutoffs for serum IgG deficiency are associated with exacerbations among current and former smokers with or at risk for COPD

RATIONALE Lung ultrasound may be useful for prognostication of acute lung disease. OBJECTIVES To assess whether the lung ultrasound score is associated with the severity of lung disease and may predict prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill children. METHODS Prospective observational multicenter study in children aged 1 month to 18 years who required respiratory support in the

RATIONALE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) have high morbidity and mortality; thus, novel treatments are needed. OBJECTIVES Assess efficacy and safety of admilparant (BMS-986278), an oral lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 antagonist, in patients with IPF and PPF. METHODS This phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial included parallel cohorts

RATIONALE Due to effects of aging on the respiratory system, it is conceivable that the association between driving pressure and mortality depends on age. OBJECTIVE We endeavored to evaluate whether the association between driving pressure and mortality of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) varies across the adult lifespan, hypothesizing that it is stronger in older, including

RATIONALE Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibit acquired cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) dysfunction. CFTR modulators may improve outcomes in patients with COPD, although recent data regarding magnitude of benefit have been inconclusive and effects on mucociliary clearance are unknown. We conducted a phase 2, randomized, double blind placebo control

Though obesity-related asthma associated with worse asthma outcomes, optimal treatment approaches for this complex phenotype are still largely unavailable. This state-of-the-art review article synthesizes evidence for existing and emerging treatment approaches for obesity-related asthma and highlights pathways that offer potential targets for novel therapeutics. Existing treatments targeting insulin

Rationale: Lung-protective strategies using low Vt and moderate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) are considered best practice in critical care, but interventional trials have never been conducted in patients with acute brain injuries because of concerns about carbon dioxide control and the effect of PEEP on cerebral hemodynamics. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that ventilation with lower

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibits considerable progression heterogeneity. We hypothesized that elastic principal graph analysis (EPGA) would identify distinct clinical phenotypes and their longitudinal relationships. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 8,972 tobacco-exposed COPDGene participants, with and without COPD, were used to train a model with EPGA, using thirty