In the era of personalized/precision health care, additional effort is being expended to understand the biology and molecular mechanisms of disease processes. How these mechanisms are affected by individual genetics, environmental exposures, and behavioral choices will encompass an expanding role in the future of optimally preventing and treating diseases. Considering saliva as an important biological fluid for analysis to inform oral disease detection/description continues to expand. This review provides an overview of saliva as a diagnostic fluid and the features of various biomarkers that have been reported. We emphasize the use of salivary biomarkers in periodontitis and transport the reader through extant literature, gaps in knowledge, and a structured approach toward validating and determine the utility of biomarkers in periodontitis. A summation of the findings support the likelihood that a panel of biomarkers including both host molecules and specific microorganisms will be required to most effectively identify risk for early transition to disease, ongoing disease activity, progression, and likelihood of response to standard periodontal therapy. The goals would be to develop predictive algorithms that serve as adjunctive diagnostic tools which provide the clinician and patient important information for making informed clinical decisions.

中文翻译：

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实现唾液监测口腔疾病的临床应用


在个性化/精准医疗保健时代，人们正在付出额外的努力来了解疾病过程的生物学和分子机制。这些机制如何受到个体遗传​​、环境暴露和行为选择的影响，将在未来最佳预防和治疗疾病中发挥越来越大的作用。人们越来越多地将唾液视为一种重要的生物液体，进行分析以了解口腔疾病的检测/描述。本综述概述了唾液作为诊断液以及已报道的各种生物标志物的特征。我们强调唾液生物标志物在牙周炎中的使用，并引导读者了解现有文献、知识差距以及验证和确定生物标志物在牙周炎中的效用的结构化方法。这些发现的总结支持了这样一种可能性，即需要一组包括宿主分子和特定微生物的生物标志物来最有效地识别疾病早期转变的风险、持续的疾病活动、进展以及对标准牙周治疗反应的可能性。目标是开发预测算法作为辅助诊断工具，为临床医生和患者提供重要信息，以做出明智的临床决策。