Aims To compare the baseline clinical characteristics and patterns of visual field defects between high-tension glaucoma (HTG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) in the Laser in Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (LiGHT) China subjects. Methods All patients (n=622) were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from 2015 to 2019. 1105 open-angle glaucoma eyes of 622 patients were classified as NTG (n=559)

Background Remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic caused behavioural changes such as increased screen time and decreased outdoor time. This study aimed to investigate myopia progression in children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a retrospective observational study performed among 2064 patients ages 2–17 with cycloplegic refractions in the months of January 2019–March 2021 at a

PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic and healthcare access factors with self-reported diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence in a nationally representative sample of the United States. DESIGN This is a population based, cross-sectional analysis METHODS: Data from those who answered the question, "Have you ever been told by a doctor or other health professional

Background/aims To identify whether an intact retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness profile could determine the location of the earliest RNFL defect in glaucoma. Methods Retrospective longitudinal cohort study of patients with initial unilateral glaucoma who eventually developed new glaucoma in the fellow eye. Guided progression analysis (GPA) of serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations

Background To compare individual ophthalmologists grouped as outliers or non-outliers based on the mean 12-month visual acuity (VA) outcomes for their patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods This prospectively designed database study included treatment-naïve eyes with nAMD starting vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors between July 2018 and April 2023 in Australia

PURPOSE To gauge the efficacy and safety of performing a one-stage endoscopic orbital decompression procedure combined with the intraoperative relaxed medial rectus muscle (MR) positioning technique as a means of treating esotropia associated with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). DESIGN Prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. SETTING Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University

PURPOSE Sex bias remains a pervasive reality in academic medicine, often reflected in subtle linguistic choices, which can skew perceptions of competence and perpetuate workplace inequity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between host sex, speaker sex, and speaker introduction practices in ophthalmology grand rounds events. DESIGN Cross-sectional study METHODS: Publicly accessible videos

Importance Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) polygenic risk scores (PRSs) continue to be evaluated in primarily European-ancestry populations despite higher prevalence and worse outcomes in African-ancestry populations. Objective To evaluate how established POAG PRSs perform in African-ancestry samples from the Genetics in Glaucoma Patients of African Descent (GIGA), Genetics of Glaucoma in Individuals

ImportanceLong-term variability of blood pressure may be associated with visual field (VF) progression in patients with glaucoma.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between blood pressure parameters and VF progression over time in patients with glaucoma.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study of longitudinal data included patients with suspected or confirmed glaucoma who

This case report describes an HIV-positive patient with bilateral syphilitic panuveitis, for whom diagnosis was initially delayed by negative treponemal testing.

A 20-year-old Chinese woman was experiencing fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness for 2 weeks. Further examination revealed inflammation, vitritis and cystoid macular edema, tortuous dilatation of retinal venous vessels with fluorescence leakage, and hyperfluorescence in the optic disc. What would you do next?

Background/aims Intravitreal injection (IVT) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents is the standard of care for several retinal diseases but can cause intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations. This study investigates short-term postinjection IOP changes following aflibercept 8 mg and faricimab, compared with aflibercept 2 mg. Methods This observational, prospective study included 90 patients

Aims To examine the association between colour vision deficiency (CVD) and other ophthalmic disorders including amblyopia, strabismus and ametropia in a large population study. Methods The retrospective, cross-sectional study included 916 388 Israeli army male recruits who had their premilitary medical assessment at the age of 16–18 years from 2000 to 2020, analysing the prevalence of ophthalmic disorders

PURPOSE Growing interest in microperimetry (MP) or fundus-controlled perimetry (FCP) as targeted psychometric testing method in geographic atrophy (GA) is warranted due to the disease subclinical/extra-foveal appearance or preexisting foveal loss with visual acuity becoming unreliable. We provide comprehensive pointwise test-retest repeatability reference values on the most widely used MP devices and

PURPOSE To compare 7 AI-based IOL power calculation formulas in extremely long eyes DESIGN: : Retrospective accuracy and validity analysis. METHODS SETTING: Kyiv Clinical Ophthalmology Hospital Eye Microsurgery Center, Ukraine STUDY POPULATION: : Patients with highly myopic eyes, who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: Prior to cataract surgery IOL power was calculated

PURPOSE To highlight innovations in ophthalmic oncology through histiocytosis advancements. DESIGN Perspective and retrospective review. METHODS The literature outlining the recent advancements in histiocytosis and ocular oncology were reviewed and combined with trial data and personal recollection. Intersections between these two fields were discussed. RESULTS The understanding of genetic mutations

Intracellular dark endothelial spots (IDESs) on specular microscopy developed in 78/122 patients (63.9%) after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). Endothelial cell density (ECD) after DSAEK was significantly smaller in eyes with IDES when compared with those without at all time points (p<0.001) despite no significant difference in graft ECD (p=0.43), resulting in an increased

Objective To evaluate nyctohemeral effects of topical beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents and their fixed combinations on intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma implanted with an ocular telemetry sensor. Methods 22 patients who had previously been implanted with a sulcus-based IOP sensor (eyemate) were included in this prospective clinical trial. Three classes of medications

PURPOSE To provide a perspective on the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients using a combination of sustained drug delivery strategies and remote monitoring technology. DESIGN Evidence-based perspective METHODS: Review of the literature and experience of the author RESULTS: Currently there are many ongoing research efforts in the retina field directed at both safe

PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the humanistic burden of non-infectious uveitis (NIU). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted across Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases from inception to March 2023. Studies pertaining to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with NIU in both adult and pediatric populations were included. Identified

A 46-year-old woman is referred for a second opinion with recent onset of suspected seizures and imbalance. Fundus examination revealed bilateral discrete perifoveal circular areas of atrophy. What would you do next?

ImportanceThe association of race and detection of pathogenic variants using wide-panel genetic testing for inherited retinal diseases (IRD), to our knowledge, has not been studied previously.ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic detection rates of wide-panel testing in Black and non-Hispanic White patients with IRDs.Design, Setting, ParticipantsThis 2-group comparison used retrospective patient data

ImportancePrimary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a heritable disease. A polygenic risk score (PRS) threshold may be used to identify individuals at low risk of disease onset.ObjectiveTo assess the utility of a POAG PRS to identify ocular hypertensive individuals at low risk of disease onset.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a post hoc analysis of the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS)

PURPOSE PRPH2-associated retinal diseases (PARD) result from pathogenic PRPH2 variants, primarily affecting photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium. The focus of this article is to review and discuss the phenotyping of PARD subtypes. DESIGN A systematic review METHODS: The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines with searches on PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and

PURPOSE Pleiotropic cardiovascular benefits of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been demonstrated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus due to vascular remodeling effects. It is unclear whether a similar benefit may be seen for glaucoma. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of SGLT2i on the risk of glaucoma in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Target trial

PURPOSE To compare the efficacy of circumferential gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) versus hemi-GATT in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). DESIGN Prospective randomized controlled trial METHODS: This study included children with PCG having corneal diameters <14mm and relatively clear cornea. Based on randomisation, the eyes included, underwent either circumferential GATT (360-GATT)

PURPOSE To assess the prevalence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) usage policies in manuscript writing in PubMed-indexed ophthalmology journals and examine the relationship between adoption of these policies and journal characteristics. DESIGN Cross-sectional study SUBJECTS: PubMed-indexed ophthalmology journals MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of policies in journal guidelines regarding the use of

PURPOSE To compare the effectiveness and safety of the Paul Glaucoma Implant (PGI) to the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (AGV) in managing refractory childhood glaucoma. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Two clinical centers. METHODS An ongoing randomized controlled trial including patients ≤18 years with refractory childhood glaucoma in whom glaucoma drainage implant surgery was planned. Patients

PURPOSE To investigate postoperative pain variations in vitreoretinal surgeries conducted with combined regional-general anesthesia or general anesthesia. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to identify relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published before December 26, 2023. Studies comparing

PURPOSE To evaluate the objective and subjective visual quality 3 months after femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) performed with Q-value-guided optimized monovision scheme (Custom-Q) for correction of myopia with or without astigmatism and compensate for age-related accommodation deficiency. DESIGN Prospective before-and-after study. METHODS Patients who had Custom-Q

PURPOSE To examine the association between topical pilocarpine and the risk of new-onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). DESIGN Retrospective clinical cohort study. METHODS We used an aggregated electronic health records research network, TriNetX, to examine the risk of RRD (ICD-10: H33.0x) following the initiation of pilocarpine. The primary study group included adult patients over 40 years

Background This study aimed to characterise imaging artefacts in the lacrimal gland using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in patients with dry eye disease (DED) and healthy participants and identify risk factors for these artefacts. Methods In total, 151 eyes, including 104 from patients with DED and 47 from non-DED participants, were analysed. Demographic data collection, comprehensive

Background Non-infectious uveitis is a diverse group of inflammatory conditions that collectively account for substantial blindness worldwide. Expert guidelines and results of clinical trials guide treatment, but real-world clinical care is impacted by additional factors. In 2023, an international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists formed the International Study Group for Systemic Immunomodulatory

Background/ Aims The lack of context for anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) measurements impedes its clinical utility. We established the normative distribution of anterior chamber depth (ACD), area (ACA) and width (ACW) and lens vault (LV), and applied percentile cut-offs to detect primary angle closure disease (PACD; ≥180° posterior trabecular meshwork occluded). Methods We included

Although blink rate is considered important for digital eye strain and dry eye conditions, its assessment has been mostly manual. This study aimed at quantifying blink rate automatically using the Eyelink 1000 Plus eye tracker and comparing it with manual counting. Additionally, blink rate was correlated with reading eye movements and reading speed.

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) encompass a variety of disease phenotypes and are known to display both clinical and genetic heterogeneity. A further complexity is that for several IRD-associated genes, pathogenic variants have been reported to cause either autosomal dominant (AD) or autosomal recessive (AR) diseases. The possibility of dual inheritance can create a challenge for variant interpretation

Importance This was the first study, to the authors' knowledge, to statistically evaluate the predictive accuracy of Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS) calculator in guiding initiation of antitubercular therapy (ATT) in patients with clinically suspicious tubercular uveitis (TBU) in an international cohort. Objective To evaluate the accuracy of a score of 4 or greater on the online COTS

A 17-year-old male with an unremarkable medical history presented with 2 days of painless blurred vision in the right eye. Three weeks prior, he was admitted with fever, myalgias, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and truncal rash. What would you do next?

ImportanceAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a highly prevalent and debilitating retinal condition that affects more than 200 million people globally, with the severe late-stage forms—neovascular AMD (nAMD) and geographic atrophy (GA)—affecting more than 11 million people globally. However, much is unknown about the economic burden of the disease.ObjectiveTo estimate the economic burden associated

This cohort study examines patient data from January 2019 to December 2023 to evaluate national trends in the use of artificial intelligence–based screenings to detect diabetic retinopathy among patients with types 1 or 2 diabetes.

Background/aims To examine longitudinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) changes in macula and optic nerve head (ONH) in healthy, glaucoma suspect (GS) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes. Methods Healthy, GS and POAG eyes from Diagnostic Innovations in Glaucoma Study with ≥2 years follow-up and four visits of macular/ONH OCTA imaging were included. Rates of macular wiVD (whole-image

To compare the clinical outcomes of early pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) versus delayed PPV in patients with first episode of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

PURPOSE Investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in an African ancestry cohort from the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional "case-control" comparison study. BACKGROUND Late diagnosis and unclear pathophysiology of POAG, the most prevalent glaucoma type, emphasize the need

Aims To investigate the impact of surgeon learning on endothelial keratoplasty (EK) procedure outcomes. Methods A prospective nationwide registry study of EK grafts in patients aged at least 21 years with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy or pseudophakic bullous keratopathy undergoing a first EK procedure in that eye between 2005 and 2020. EK procedures were either Descemet Stripping Endothelial

Shunmugaranjan et al report that surgical experience is strongly associated with better outcomes after endothelial transplantation.1 The authors used prospective national registry data from over 11 000 endothelial keratoplasties, including Descemet stripping (automated) endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK/DSAEK) or Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) to evaluate the impact of surgeon experience

Aim The aim is to compare the efficacy and safety of three different weight-adjusted intravenous erythropoietin (EPO) doses in patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON). Methods This study is a multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, dose-finding trial on patients aged ≥7 years with a confirmed diagnosis of indirect TON in ≤3 weeks. The trial had a 3-day treatment period

PURPOSE To evaluate the utility of extended field swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (SS-OCTA) imaging biomarkers in predicting the occurrence of clinically significant outcomes in eyes with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR). DESIGN Retrospective clinical case-control study. METHODS Single-center clinical study. 88 eyes with NPDR from 57 participants (median age: 64.0