BACKGROUND Covered stent correction for a sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) was first performed in 2009. This innovative approach was initially viewed as experimental and was reserved for highly selected patients with unusual anatomic variants. In 2016, increasing numbers of procedures began to be performed, and in several centers, it is now offered as a standard of care option alongside surgical

Section snippets Solution Set Oversight CommitteeNicole M. Bhave, MD, FACC, ChairNiti R. Aggarwal, MD, FACCKatie Bates, ARNP, DNPJohn P. Erwin III, MD, FACCMartha Gulati, MD, MS, FACCDharam J. Kumbhani, MD, SM, FACCGurusher S. Panjrath, MBBS, FACCBarbara Wiggins, PharmD, FACCMegan Coylewright, MD, MPH, FACC, Ex Officio Table of Contents 1.Introduction 2 2.Assumptions and Definitions 3 2.1.General Clinical

Background and Aims Moderate wine consumption has been associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in older populations. However, wine consumption information through self-reports is prone to measurement errors inherent to subjective assessments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between urinary tartaric acid, an objective biomarker of wine consumption, and the rate

BACKGROUND Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening condition characterized by complex pathophysiology, in which macrophages play a critical but not yet fully understood role. This study focused on the role of endothelial cells with elevated expression of ACKR1 (atypical chemokine receptor 1) and their interaction with proinflammatory macrophages in TAAD development. METHODS AND RESULTS

BACKGROUND When human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that CCND2-OE (overexpressed cyclin-D2) were differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CCND2-OEhiPSC-CMs) and administered to the infarcted hearts of immunodeficient mice, the cells proliferated after administration and repopulated >50% of the scar. Here, we knocked out human leukocyte antigen class I and class II expression in CCND2-OEhiPSC-CMs

ImportanceNitric oxide deficiency may contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Prior pilot studies have shown improvements in exercise tolerance with single-dose and short-term inorganic nitrate administration.ObjectiveTo assess the impact of chronic inorganic nitrate administration on exercise tolerance in a larger trial of participants

ImportanceThe American Heart Association put forth the Life’s Essential 8 construct to assess cardiovascular health (CVH) based on 8 behavioral and health factors. Few studies have characterized the natural history of CVH in early life or identified its sociodemographic determinants.ObjectiveTo characterize CVH trajectories across childhood and adolescence and identify associations with sociodemographic

A man in his mid-50s presented with chest pain lasting 30 minutes. The initial electrocardiogram showed type A preexcitation syndrome, with obvious ST-segment depression in leads V3 through V5 and positive delta wave. What would you do next?

Background and Aims Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) presents a substantial disease burden, yet lifetime estimates remain scant. This nationwide study quantified the lifetime risk of PAD and its clinical outcomes in Denmark. Methods This cohort study included 4 275 631 individuals in Denmark aged 40–99 years between 1998 and 2018. We estimated the lifetime risk using a modified survival

BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in the development of atherogenesis. METTL4 (methyltransferase-like protein 4) mediates N6- methyldeoxyadenosine (6mA) of mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). However, the role of METTL4-mediated mitoepigenetic regulation in atherosclerosis is still unknown. This study aims to investigate the potential involvement of METTL4 in atherosclerosis, explore

Aims The Cardiac Conduction System (CCS) is progressively specified during development by interactions among a discrete number of Transcriptions Factors that ensure its proper patterning and the emergence of its functional properties. Meis genes encode homeodomain transcription factors (TFs) with multiple roles in mammalian development. In humans, Meis genes associate with congenital cardiac malformations

Aims While the pivotal role of inflammation in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and remodelling is widely acknowledged, the mechanisms triggering inflammation initiation remain largely obscure. This study aims to elucidate the role and mechanism of serpin family B member 1 (SerpinB1) in pro-inflammatory cardiomyocyte pyroptosis, heart inflammation, and cardiac remodelling. Methods and results C57BL/6J

BACKGROUND Whether maternal hypertension contributes to the enhanced susceptibility to vascular remodeling in adult offspring through epigenetic mechanisms remains unclear. We aimed to address this gap in the literature using a transgenerational mouse model. METHODS Gestational hypertension was induced in pregnant mice using chronic angiotensin II infusion. Blood pressure was monitored using the tail-cuff

Aortic stenosis (AS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) frequently coexist and share pathophysiological mechanisms. The proportion of patients with AS and CAD requiring revascularization varies widely because of uncertainty about best clinical practices. Although combined surgical aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass grafting has been the standard of care, management options in patients

BACKGROUND Lymphatic collecting vessels in the kidney are critical in clearing interstitial fluid, macromolecules, and infiltrating immune cells. Dysfunction of the lymphatic vessels can disrupt this process and exacerbate injury-associated inflammation in many disease conditions. We previously found that sodium accumulates within the kidney interstitium during proteinuric kidney injury and elevated

BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major health concern. Pathological stimuli and interactions between cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and other cell types may lead to cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction, which are hallmarks of HFpEF. Interstitial and perivascular cardiac fibrosis correlates with poor prognosis in HFpEF; however, mechanisms of fibrosis remain poorly

BACKGROUND Increased blood pressure (BP) variability is linked to dementia risk, but the relationship between baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), a fundamental mechanism for maintaining stable BP, and dementia risk is undetermined. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that impaired BRS is associated with increased dementia risk in 1819 older adults (63% women; age, 71.0±6.3 years) from the community-based Rotterdam

Two studies presented at AHA 2024 Scientific Sessions describe the efficacy and safety of left atrial appendage closure after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation and the 5-year outcomes of the largest randomized left atrial appendage closure trial to date comparing the safety and efficacy of two devices.

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresThe author has reported that he has no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresDr Warraich has served on the medical advisory board for GoodRx. Dr Krumholz is the Editor-in-Chief of JACC; has received stock options for advisory roles from Element Science and Identifeye; has received payments for advisory roles from F-Prime; is a cofounder of and holds equity in Hugo Health, Refactor Health, and ENSIGHT-AI; and is associated

Section snippets Study design and settingThis retrospective cohort includes all patients admitted for RHD surgery at the Salam Centre from April 2007 to December 2021, with follow-up of patients discharged alive evaluated up to July 2022. The Salam Centre7 admits about 80% of patients from Sudan and 20% from neighboring countries, as per agreement with the government. The hospital was built and is

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresDr Sohns has received research support and lecture fees from Medtronic, Abbott, Boston Scientific, and Biosense Webster; has served as a consultant for Medtronic, Boston Scientific, and Biosense Webster; and has received grant support from the Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung and Deutsche Herzstiftung. Dr Marrouche has received grant support and

Section snippets MethodsThe ALSPAC birth cohort investigates factors that influence childhood development and growth.5 Of the original cohort of 14,901 children enrolled in the ALSPAC, 4,026 (27%) attended the clinic visit at 24 years of age. Of these, 1,958 (49%) had echocardiograms performed. The current analysis included 1,931 young adults with complete smoking and echocardiographic measures at

Section snippets MethodsCHOLINET is a single-country, multicenter, observational, prospective, phase 4 registry of Italian patients initiating inclisiran as part of clinical management. Reimbursement criteria (Italian Medicines Agency [AIFA], GU 231-03.10.2022) include patients at very high cardiovascular (CV) risk with LDL-C of ≥70 mg/dL on statin ± ezetimibe. Lipids were assessed at median of 17 days

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a presumed risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and its levels are primarily genetically determined (∼70%-90%).1,2 As such, many guidelines and consensus groups recommend measuring Lp(a) levels only once in a person’s lifetime for risk stratification.3,4 However, data assessing the intraindividual variability of Lp(a) levels over time are limited

Section snippets Funding Support and Author DisclosuresDr Vest has received research grant funding from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (grant R01HL167113) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (grant RC2TR004377). Dr Sauer has received salary support for research activities from Saint Luke’s Mid America Heart Institute, a nonprofit academic research organization

Section snippets Solution Set Oversight CommitteeNicole M. Bhave, MD, FACC, ChairNiti R. Aggarwal, MD, FACCKatie Bates, ARNP, DNPJohn P. Erwin iii, MD, FACCMartha Gulati, MD, MS, FACCDharam J. Kumbhani, MD, SM, FACCGurusher S. Panjrath, MBBS, FACCBarbara Wiggins, PharmD, FACCMegan Coylewright, MD, MPH, FACC, Ex Officio Table of Contents Top 10 Key Takeaway Points 3 1.Introduction 4 2.Assumptions and

Background and Aims Several studies have supported the role of innate immune system as a key factor in the sterile inflammation underlying the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in mice. However, its involvement in humans remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between neutrophil count, and the intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries (IMT-CC), as well as the potential

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction recommends a classification based on aetiology, in recognition that the underlying pathophysiology of myocardial infarction influences the approach to investigation and treatment. Type 1 myocardial infarction occurs due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture with thrombosis, whereas type 2 myocardial infarction occurs due to an imbalance in myocardial

ImportanceAngiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibition (ARNI) improves mortality among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), ie, those with an EF of 40% or less.ObjectiveTo describe national longitudinal trends in ARNI prescribing patterns among hospitalized patients with HFrEF.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsUsing data from the Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure (GWTG-HF)

ImportanceIn a mechanistic substudy of the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) randomized clinical trial, pitavastatin reduced noncalcified plaque (NCP) volume, but specific protein and gene pathways contributing to changes in coronary plaque remain unknown.ObjectiveTo use targeted discovery proteomics and transcriptomics approaches to interrogate biological pathways beyond