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Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Coverage of Amyloid PET JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Joshua D. Grill, Jennifer H. Lingler
This Viewpoint discusses the ambiguity of amyloid positron emission tomography coverage in the era of anti-amyloid therapeutics and the considerations and consequences of narrow coverage.
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Substantia Nigra Pathology, Contact Sports Play, and Parkinsonism in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Jason W. Adams, Daniel Kirsch, Samantha M. Calderazzo, Fatima Tuz-Zahra, Yorghos Tripodis, Jesse Mez, Michael L. Alosco, Victor E. Alvarez, Bertrand R. Huber, Caroline Kubilus, Kerry A. Cormier, Raymond Nicks, Madeline Uretsky, Evan Nair, Eva Kuzyk, Nurgul Aytan, Jonathan D. Cherry, John F. Crary, Daniel H. Daneshvar, Christopher J. Nowinski, Lee E. Goldstein, Brigid Dwyer, Douglas I. Katz, Robert
ImportanceParkinsonism is associated with traumatic brain injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a neurodegenerative disease associated with repetitive head impact (RHI) exposure, but the neuropathologic substrates that underlie parkinsonism in individuals with CTE are yet to be defined.ObjectiveTo evaluate the frequency of parkinsonism in individuals with CTE and the association of RHI
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Tapping the Brakes on New Parkinson Disease Biological Staging. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-08 Njideka U Okubadejo, Michael S Okun, Joseph Jankovic
This Viewpoint cautions against the premature adoption and implementation of biological definitions for Parkinson disease proposed in February 2024.
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Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants and Antiseizure Medications for Atrial Fibrillation and Epilepsy and Risk of Thromboembolic Events JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-08 Emily K. Acton, Sean Hennessy, Michael A. Gelfand, Charles E. Leonard, Warren B. Bilker, Di Shu, Allison W. Willis, Scott E. Kasner
ImportanceDirect-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are commonly prescribed with antiseizure medications (ASMs) due to concurrency of and the association between atrial fibrillation (AF) and epilepsy. However, enzyme-inducing (EI) ASMs may reduce absorption and accelerate metabolism of DOACs, potentially lowering DOAC levels and elevating thromboembolism risk.ObjectiveTo assess the rates of thromboembolic
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Acute Clinical Events Identified as Relapses With Stable Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Antoine Gavoille, Fabien Rollot, Romain Casey, Anne Kerbrat, Emmanuelle Le Page, Kevin Bigaut, Guillaume Mathey, Laure Michel, Jonathan Ciron, Aurelie Ruet, Elisabeth Maillart, Pierre Labauge, Hélène Zephir, Caroline Papeix, Gilles Defer, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Thibault Moreau, Eric Berger, Bruno Stankoff, Pierre Clavelou, Eric Thouvenot, Olivier Heinzlef, Jean Pelletier, Abdullatif Al-Khedr, Olivier
Understanding the association between clinically defined relapses and radiological activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) is essential for patient treatment and therapeutic development.
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Steroid-Responsive Myorhythmia in Pectoralis Muscles JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Bing Zhao, Cuiping Zhao, Yuying Zhao
This case report describes a patient experiencing involuntary contractions in his right pectoralis muscles with anti-Tr antibodies in his serum, which is characteristic of myorhythmia.
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Derivation and Validation of ICD-10 Codes for Identifying Incident Stroke JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Jesse A. Columbo, Natalie Daya, Lisandro D. Colantonio, Zhixin Wang, Kathryn Foti, Hyacinth I. Hyacinth, Michelle C. Johansen, Rebecca Gottesman, Phillip P. Goodney, Virginia J. Howard, Paul Muntner, Andrea L. C. Schneider, Elizabeth Selvin, Caitlin W. Hicks
ImportanceClaims data with International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes are routinely used in clinical research. However, the use of ICD-10 codes to define incident stroke has not been validated against expert-adjudicated outcomes in the US population.ObjectiveTo develop and validate the accuracy of an ICD-10 code list to detect incident stroke events using Medicare
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Slowing Down-A Family's Experience With ALS. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Andrea M Shamaskin-Garroway, Joel Shamaskin
This essay discusses the author’s experience after her father was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Sleep, 24-Hour Activity Rhythms, and Subsequent Amyloid-β Pathology JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Phuong Thuy Nguyen Ho, Sanne J. W. Hoepel, Maria Rodriguez-Ayllon, Annemarie I. Luik, Meike W. Vernooij, Julia Neitzel
ImportanceSleep disturbances are common among older adults and have been associated with the development of Alzheimer disease (AD), such as amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. For effective AD prevention, it is essential to pinpoint the specific disturbances in sleep and the underlying 24-hour activity rhythms that confer the highest risk of Aβ deposition.ObjectiveTo determine the associations of 24-hour activity
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Circadian Motor Improvement in MS and Core Body Temperature Dipping JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Milan Nigam, Alain Créange, Smaranda Leu-Semenescu
This case report describes a man with multiple sclerosis and insomnia who noticed improved motor function during nocturnal awakenings compared with daytime.
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Recurrent Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation While Receiving Oral Anticoagulants JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Mette Foldager Hindsholm, Luis Alberto García Rodríguez, Axel Brandes, Jesper Hallas, Birgit Bjerre Høyer, Sören Möller, Mahmut Edip Gurol, Claus Ziegler Simonsen, David Gaist
ImportancePatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) can have an ischemic stroke (IS) despite oral anticoagulant (OAC) treatment. Knowledge regarding the association between OAC discontinuation and the subsequent risk of recurrent IS in patients with AF is limited.ObjectivesTo determine the risk of recurrent IS in patients with AF receiving OAC and to evaluate the association between OAC discontinuation
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Parental History of Memory Impairment and β-Amyloid in Cognitively Unimpaired Older Adults JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-17 Mabel Seto, Timothy J. Hohman, Elizabeth C. Mormino, Kathryn V. Papp, Rebecca E. Amariglio, Dorene M. Rentz, Keith A. Johnson, Aaron P. Schultz, Reisa A. Sperling, Rachel F. Buckley, Hyun-Sik Yang
ImportanceStudies have suggested that maternal history of late-onset Alzheimer disease, but not paternal, predisposes individuals to higher brain β-amyloid (Aβ) burden, reduced brain metabolism, and lower gray matter volumes.ObjectiveTo characterize maternal vs paternal history of memory impairment in terms of brain Aβ-positron emission tomography (Aβ-PET) and baseline cognition among a large sample
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Angiotensin Receptor Blockers for Hypertension and Risk of Epilepsy JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-17 Xuerong Wen, Marianne N. Otoo, Jie Tang, Todd Brothers, Kristina E. Ward, Nicole Asal, Kimford J. Meador
ImportanceAnimal and human studies have suggested that the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be associated with a lower risk of incident epilepsy compared with other antihypertensive medications. However, observational data from the US are lacking.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between ARB use and epilepsy incidence in subgroups of US patients with hypertension.Design, Setting,
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Medical Forecasting—A Skill Set Worthy of Attention JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-17 Claire J. Creutzfeldt, Robert G. Holloway
This Viewpoint discusses the importance of developing medical forecasting skills to improve clinician/patient/family communications regarding prognosis.
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Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen in Pediatric Central Nervous System Malaria JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-10 Gretchen L. Birbeck, Karl B. Seydel, Suzanna Mwanza, Derby Tembo, Moses Chilombe, Arthur Watts, Ifunanya Ume-Ezeoke, Manoj Mathews, Archana A. Patel, Musaku Mwenechanya, Paul Pensulo, Michael P. McDermott
ImportanceA third of children who survive malaria with neurological involvement (central nervous system [CNS] malaria) develop sequelae. A higher maximum temperature (Tmax) and seizures are risk factors for sequelae.ObjectiveTo compare aggressive antipyretic therapy using scheduled acetaminophen and ibuprofen vs usual care with acetaminophen alone given only for a temperature of 38.5 °C or higher.Design
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Bilateral Calcification of the Meckel Cave Causing Hemicrania Continua JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-10 Cristian Eduardo Navarro
This case report describes a woman with bilateral orbital and frontal throbbing pain with stabbing exacerbations and dystrophic calcification of dura mater and arachnoid granulations.
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Tau Positron Emission Tomography for Predicting Dementia in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-10 Colin Groot, Ruben Smith, Lyduine E. Collij, Sophie E. Mastenbroek, Erik Stomrud, Alexa Pichet Binette, Antoine Leuzy, Sebastian Palmqvist, Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren, Olof Strandberg, Hanna Cho, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Giovanni B. Frisoni, Debora E. Peretti, Valentina Garibotto, Renaud La Joie, David N. Soleimani-Meigooni, Gil Rabinovici, Rik Ossenkoppele, Oskar Hansson
ImportanceAn accurate prognosis is especially pertinent in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), when individuals experience considerable uncertainty about future progression.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic value of tau positron emission tomography (PET) to predict clinical progression from MCI to dementia.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a multicenter cohort study with external validation
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Type 1 Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-03 Christian H. Nolte, Regina von Rennenberg, Simon Litmeier, David M. Leistner, Kristina Szabo, Stefan Baumann, Annerose Mengel, Dominik Michalski, Timo Siepmann, Stephan Blankenberg, Gabor C. Petzold, Martin Dichgans, Hugo Katus, Burkert Pieske, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek, Tim Bastian Braemswig, Ida Rangus, Amra Pepic, Eik Vettorazzi, Andreas M. Zeiher, Jan F. Scheitz, Karl Wegscheider, Ulf Landmesser, Matthias
ImportanceElevated values of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) are common in patients with acute ischemic stroke and are associated with poor prognosis. However, diagnostic and therapeutic implications in patients with ischemic stroke remain unclear.ObjectiveTo identify factors indicative of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke and hs-cTn elevation. The primary
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Temperature Control After Cardiac Arrest—A Rational Approach JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-03 Daniel S. Harrison, David M. Greer
This Viewpoint discusses hypothermic temperature control for neuroprotection among survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and offers a rational approach to treating such patients as investigations continue.
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Time From Hospital Arrival Until Endovascular Thrombectomy and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-03 Raed A Joundi, Eric E Smith, Aravind Ganesh, Raul G Nogueira, Ryan A McTaggart, Andrew M Demchuk, Alexandre Y Poppe, Jeremy L Rempel, Thalia S Field, Dar Dowlatshahi, Jim Sahlas, Richard Swartz, Ruchir Shah, Eric Sauvageau, Volker Puetz, Frank L Silver, Bruce Campbell, René Chapot, Michael Tymianski, Mayank Goyal, Michael D Hill
The time-benefit association of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in ischemic stroke with patient-reported outcomes is unknown.
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Status Epilepticus Identification and Treatment Among Emergency Medical Services Agencies. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-06-03 Andrew J Wood, James F Burke, Daniel H Lowenstein, Elan L Guterman
This cross-sectional study examines the association between unidentified status epilepticus and prehospital benzodiazepine treatment.
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Early vs Late Anticoagulation in Minor, Moderate, and Major Ischemic Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation: Post Hoc Analysis of the ELAN Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Martina B Goeldlin, Arsany Hakim, Mattia Branca, Stefanie Abend, Markus Kneihsl, Waldo Valenzuela Pinilla, Sabine Fenzl, Beata Rezny-Kasprzak, Roman Rohner, Daniel Strbian, Maurizio Paciaroni, Goetz Thomalla, Patrik Michel, Krassen Nedeltchev, Thomas Gattringer, Else Charlotte Sandset, Leo Bonati, Diana Aguiar de Sousa, P N Sylaja, George Ntaios, Masatoshi Koga, Zuzana Gdovinova, Robin Lemmens, Natan
Whether infarct size modifies the treatment effect of early vs late direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) initiation in people with ischemic stroke and atrial fibrillation is unknown.
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Time Windows Between Symptom Onset and Treatment-An Outdated Myth. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Louis R Caplan
This Viewpoint discusses how time windows between symptom onset and treatment have evolved and why more factors need to be considered.
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Immediate- or Delayed-Intensive Statin in Acute Cerebral Ischemia: The INSPIRES Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Ying Gao, Lingling Jiang, Yuesong Pan, Weiqi Chen, Jing Jing, Chunjuan Wang, S Claiborne Johnston, Pierre Amarenco, Philip M Bath, Yingying Yang, Tingting Wang, Shangrong Han, Xia Meng, Jinxi Lin, Xingquan Zhao, Liping Liu, Jinguo Zhao, Ying Li, Yingzhuo Zang, Shuo Zhang, Hongqin Yang, Jianbo Yang, Yuanwei Wang, Dali Li, Yanxia Wang, Dongqi Liu, Guangming Kang, Yongjun Wang, Yilong Wang
Comparisons are limited for immediate-intensive and delayed-intensive statin for secondary stroke prevention and neuroprotection in patients with acute mild ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) from atherosclerosis.
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Isolated Diffuse Precentral Gyrus Signals in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Zhongyun Chen, Zhen Wang, Liyong Wu
This case report describes a woman with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with findings largely confined to the right precentral gyrus on initial imaging.
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Early Access to First-Seizure Clinics, Subsequent Outcomes, and Factors Associated With Attendance JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-23 Yingtong Li, Tianrui Ren, Michael Burgess, Zhibin Chen, Patrick W. Carney, Terence J. O’Brien, Patrick Kwan, Emma Foster
ImportanceFirst-seizure clinics (FSCs) aim to deliver prompt specialist care to patients with new-onset undifferentiated seizure events.ObjectiveTo determine whether FSC attendance and time to FSC are associated with subsequent health care utilization and mortality and to investigate factors associated with FSC nonattendance.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a record-linkage, retrospective
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Contemporary Prestroke Dual Antiplatelet Use and Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage Risk After Thrombolysis JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-20 Teng J. Peng, Lee H. Schwamm, Gregg C. Fonarow, Ameer E. Hassan, Michelle Hill, Steven R. Messé, Fatima Coronado, Guido J. Falcone, Richa Sharma
ImportanceIntravenous alteplase (IV-tPA) can be administered to patients with acute ischemic stroke but is associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). It is unclear if patients taking prestroke dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) are at higher risk of sICH.ObjectiveTo determine the associated risk of sICH in patients taking prestroke dual antiplatelet therapy receiving alteplase for acute
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Effect of Sleep Restriction on Adolescent Cognition by Adiposity JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-20 Lindsay M. Stager, Caroline S. Watson, Edwin W. Cook, Aaron D. Fobian
ImportancePediatric obesity is associated with impaired cognitive function; however, the mechanisms underlying this association demand assessment. Sleep may be a relevant moderator, as poor sleep predicts both increased adiposity and impaired cognitive function.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of adiposity and sleep on adolescent cognitive function.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis single-blind
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Antithrombotic Treatment for Cervical Artery Dissection: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Josefin E Kaufmann, Eric L Harshfield, Henrik Gensicke, Susanne Wegener, Patrik Michel, Georg Kägi, Krassen Nedeltchev, Lars Kellert, Sverre Rosenbaum, Christian H Nolte, Hanne Christensen, Marcel Arnold, Philippe Lyrer, Christopher Levi, Philip M Bath, Stefan T Engelter, Christopher Traenka, Hugh S Markus
Cervical artery dissection is the most common cause of stroke in younger adults. To date, there is no conclusive evidence on which antithrombotic therapy should be used to treat patients.
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Zoey's First Haircut. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Eunice Stallman
This essay describes the author’s experience with her daughter’s brain cancer and her reflections on her responsibilities as a physician.
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Expanding Clinical Spectrum of Anti-GQ1b Antibody Syndrome JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Sun-Uk Lee, Hyo-Jung Kim, Jeong-Yoon Choi, Kwang-Dong Choi, Ji-Soo Kim
ImportanceThe discovery of the anti-GQ1b antibody has expanded the nosology of classic Miller Fisher syndrome to include Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome with ophthalmoplegia, and acute ophthalmoplegia without ataxia, which have been brought under the umbrella term anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome. It seems timely to define the phenotypes of anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome for the
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Staged Bilateral MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Subthalamotomy for Parkinson Disease JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Raúl Martínez-Fernández, Elena Natera-Villalba, Rafael Rodríguez-Rojas, Marta del Álamo, Jose A. Pineda-Pardo, Ignacio Obeso, Pasqualina Guida, Tamara Jiménez-Castellanos, Diana Pérez-Bueno, Alicia Duque, Jorge U. Mañez-Miró, Carmen Gasca-Salas, Michele Matarazzo, Fernando Alonso-Frech, Jose A. Obeso
ImportanceUnilateral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–guided focused ultrasound subthalamotomy (FUS-STN) improves cardinal motor features among patients with asymmetrical Parkinson disease (PD). The feasibility of bilateral FUS-STN is as yet unexplored.ObjectiveTo assess the safety and effectiveness of staged bilateral FUS-STN to treat PD.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective, open-label
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Ghrelin for Neuroprotection in Post-Cardiac Arrest Coma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Sjoukje Nutma, Albertus Beishuizen, Walter M van den Bergh, Norbert A Foudraine, Joost le Feber, P Margreet G Filius, Alexander D Cornet, Job van der Palen, Michel J A M van Putten, Jeannette Hofmeijer
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival rates have markedly risen in the last decades, but neurological outcome only improved marginally. Despite research on more than 20 neuroprotective strategies involving patients in comas after cardiac arrest, none have demonstrated unequivocal evidence of efficacy; however, treatment with acyl-ghrelin has shown improved functional and histological brain recovery
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Distinct Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Child With a TACO1 Variant. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Maria Neimann Herskind, Jakob Bie Granild-Jensen, Mette Thorup Bendixen
This case report describes a unique magnetic resonance imaging result in a young boy with a TACO1 variant.
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Association of New-Onset Seizures With SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Ali Rafati, Melika Jameie, Mobina Amanollahi, Yeganeh Pasebani, Mana Jameie, Ali Kabiri, Sara Montazeri Namin, Delaram Sakhaei, Fateme Feizollahi, Mohammad Yazdan Pasebani, Hossein Mohebbi, Saba Ilkhani, Mohammadreza Azadi, Mehran Rahimlou, Churl-Su Kwon
ImportanceSeizures have been reported as an adverse effect of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, no study has answered the question of whether there is any association between seizures in the general population and COVID-19 vaccination.ObjectiveTo evaluate the seizure incidence among SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients compared with those who received a placebo.Data SourcesA systematic search of MEDLINE (via
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Downstream Biomarker Effects of Gantenerumab or Solanezumab in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Disease: The DIAN-TU-001 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Olivia Wagemann, Haiyan Liu, Guoqiao Wang, Xinyu Shi, Tobias Bittner, Marzia A Scelsi, Martin R Farlow, David B Clifford, Charlene Supnet-Bell, Anna M Santacruz, Andrew J Aschenbrenner, Jason J Hassenstab, Tammie L S Benzinger, Brian A Gordon, Kelley A Coalier, Carlos Cruchaga, Laura Ibanez, Richard J Perrin, Chengjie Xiong, Yan Li, John C Morris, James J Lah, Sarah B Berman, Erik D Roberson, Christopher
Effects of antiamyloid agents, targeting either fibrillar or soluble monomeric amyloid peptides, on downstream biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma are largely unknown in dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease (DIAD).
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Selenosis in a Woman With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-29 Ying-Lan Tang, Ya-Qiong He
This case report describes hypointensity in the cerebellum and midbrain in a 56-year-old woman with double vision and weakness and ptosis of eyelids.
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Effects of Tirofiban on Neurological Deterioration in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Wenbo Zhao, Sijie Li, Chuanhui Li, Chuanjie Wu, Junmei Wang, Lifei Xing, Yue Wan, Jinhui Qin, Yaoming Xu, Ruixian Wang, Changming Wen, Aihua Wang, Lan Liu, Jing Wang, Haiqing Song, Wuwei Feng, Qingfeng Ma, Xunming Ji
Evidence supports using antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, neurological deterioration remains common under the currently recommended antiplatelet regimen, leading to poor clinical outcomes.
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Cold-Induced Reflex Epilepsy. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Cathy Meng Fei Li, David Dongkyung Kim, Seyed M Mirsattari
This case report describes a woman cold-induced reflex seizures.
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A 24-Year-Old Man With Spastic Ataxia and Hypodontia JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Lissa Marien, Panagiota Tsitsi, Gert Cypers
A 24-year-old man presented with progressive gait instability, marked spinal cord atrophy, and dental radiography showing the absence of several elements, microdontia, and taurodontia. What is your diagnosis?
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Entering Medicine as a Physician and a Patient JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Frederick Thomas Gibson
This essay describes the author’s experience with the line between life and death and what the fragility of life means for patients and their medical teams.
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A Rare Neurological Presentation of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Murva Asad, Arpan R. Mehta, Dermot Mallon
This case report describes a 17-year-old boy with reduced consciousness and T2-weighted hyperintensity, focal diffusion restriction, and microhemorrhages within the deep gray nuclei and surrounding white matter.
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Clinicopathologic Heterogeneity and Glial Activation Patterns in Alzheimer Disease JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Naomi Kouri, Isabelle Frankenhauser, Zhongwei Peng, Sydney A. Labuzan, Baayla D. C. Boon, Christina M. Moloney, Cyril Pottier, Daniel P. Wickland, Kelsey Caetano-Anolles, Nick Corriveau-Lecavalier, Jessica F. Tranovich, Ashley C. Wood, Kelly M. Hinkle, Sarah J. Lincoln, A. J. Spychalla, Matthew L. Senjem, Scott A. Przybelski, Erica Engelberg-Cook, Christopher G. Schwarz, Rain S. Kwan, Elizabeth R.
ImportanceFactors associated with clinical heterogeneity in Alzheimer disease (AD) lay along a continuum hypothesized to associate with tangle distribution and are relevant for understanding glial activation considerations in therapeutic advancement.ObjectivesTo examine clinicopathologic and neuroimaging characteristics of disease heterogeneity in AD along a quantitative continuum using the corticolimbic
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Large Language Model Performance on Practice Epilepsy Board Examinations. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Sara Habib, Haroon Butt, Shira R Goldenholz, Chi Yuan Chang, Daniel M Goldenholz
This diagnostic study examines whether large language models are able to pass practice licensing examinations for epilepsy.
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Early Seizure Prophylaxis in Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Matthew Pease, Adi Mittal, Sara Merkaj, David O. Okonkwo, Jorge A. Gonzalez-Martinez, Jonathan Elmer, Wen-Shyong Liou, Valeria Pingue, Flora M. Hammond, Sergiu Abramovici, James Castellano, Niravkumar Barot
ImportanceGuidelines recommend seizure prophylaxis for early posttraumatic seizures (PTS) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Use of antiseizure medications for early seizure prophylaxis after mild or moderate TBI remains controversial.ObjectiveTo determine the association between seizure prophylaxis and risk reduction for early PTS in mild and moderate TBI.Data SourcesPubMed, Google Scholar
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Toward More Personalized Management of Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 James E. Siegler, Luciano A. Sposato, Shadi Yaghi
This Viewpoint discusses the need to individualize the management of subclinical atrial fibrillation according to burden (among other factors) by modeling stroke risk.
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Use of Recommended Neurodiagnostic Evaluation Among Patients With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Matthew Spotnitz, Cameron D. Ekanayake, Anna Ostropolets, Guy M. McKhann, Hyunmi Choi, Ruth Ottman, Alfred I. Neugut, George Hripcsak, Karthik Natarajan, Brett E. Youngerman
ImportanceInterdisciplinary practice parameters recommend that patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) undergo comprehensive neurodiagnostic evaluation, including presurgical assessment. Reporting from specialized centers suggests long delays to referral and underuse of surgery; however, longitudinal data are limited to characterize neurodiagnostic evaluation among patients with DRE in more diverse
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Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia With Glycine Receptor α1 Autoantibodies JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Yufei Chen, Cuibai Wei
This case report describes a 54-year-old woman with naming deficits, comprehension impairment, and memory loss. Initial physical and neurological examination results were unremarkable.
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Progress in Pharmacologic Management of Neuropsychiatric Syndromes in Neurodegenerative Disorders JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jeffrey Cummings, Krista Lanctot, George Grossberg, Clive Ballard
ImportanceNeuropsychiatric syndromes (NPSs) are common in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs); compromise the quality of life of patients and their care partners; and are associated with faster disease progression, earlier need for nursing home care, and poorer quality of life. Advances in translational pharmacology, clinical trial design and conduct, and understanding of the pathobiology of NDDs are
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High-Efficacy Therapy Discontinuation vs Continuation in Patients 50 Years and Older With Nonactive MS. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Guillaume Jouvenot, Guilhem Courbon, Mathilde Lefort, Fabien Rollot, Romain Casey, Emmanuelle Le Page, Laure Michel, Gilles Edan, Jérome de Seze, Laurent Kremer, Kevin Bigaut, Sandra Vukusic, Guillaume Mathey, Jonathan Ciron, Aurélie Ruet, Elisabeth Maillart, Pierre Labauge, Hélène Zephir, Caroline Papeix, Gilles Defer, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Thibault Moreau, David Axel Laplaud, Eric Berger, Bruno
A recent randomized clinical trial concluded that discontinuing medium-efficacy therapy might be a reasonable option for older patients with nonactive multiple sclerosis (MS), but there is a lack of data on discontinuing high-efficacy therapy (HET). In younger patients, the discontinuation of natalizumab and fingolimod is associated with a risk of rebound of disease activity.
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Visual Pathway Outcomes Based on Sample Size in Clinical Neuroprotection Research. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Sebastian Küchlin, Gabriele Ihorst, Sven P Heinrich, Pablo Márquez Neila, Philipp Albrecht, Martin J Hug, Wolf A Lagrèze
This cohort study calculates clinical trial sample sizes powered by visual pathway outcomes of acute optic neuritis in neuroprotection research.
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Trends in Intracranial and Cerebral Volumes of Framingham Heart Study Participants Born 1930 to 1970 JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Charles DeCarli, Pauline Maillard, Matthew P. Pase, Alexa S. Beiser, Daniel Kojis, Claudia L. Satizabal, Jayandra J. Himali, Hugo J. Aparicio, Evan Fletcher, Sudha Seshadri
ImportanceHuman brain development and maintenance is under both genetic and environmental influences that likely affect later-life dementia risk.ObjectiveTo examine environmental influences by testing whether time-dependent secular differences occurred in cranial and brain volumes and cortical thickness over birth decades spanning 1930 to 1970.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study
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Early Use of Erenumab vs Nonspecific Oral Migraine Preventives JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Patricia Pozo-Rosich, David Dolezil, Koen Paemeleire, Adam Stepien, Philipp Stude, Josefin Snellman, Michal Arkuszewski, Tracy Stites, Shannon Ritter, Cristina Lopez Lopez, Jeff Maca, Matias Ferraris, Raquel Gil-Gouveia
ImportancePatients with migraine often cycle through multiple nonspecific preventive medications due to poor tolerability and/or inadequate efficacy leading to low adherence and increased disease burden.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy, tolerability, patient adherence, and patient satisfaction between erenumab and nonspecific oral migraine preventive medications (OMPMs) in patients with episodic migraine
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Encephalitis of Scrub Typhus JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 He Li, Zhizong Lai, Wei Tang
This case report describes the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and diagnosis of scrub typhus infection in a woman who had recurrent high fever, akinetic mutism, an eschar, and an increase in lymphocytes.
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Serologic Response to the Epstein-Barr Virus Peptidome and the Risk for Multiple Sclerosis JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Marianna Cortese, Yumei Leng, Kjetil Bjornevik, Moriah Mitchell, Brian C. Healy, Michael J. Mina, James D. Mancuso, David W. Niebuhr, Kassandra L. Munger, Stephen J. Elledge, Alberto Ascherio
ImportanceIt remains unclear why only a small proportion of individuals infected with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) develop multiple sclerosis (MS) and what the underlying mechanisms are.ObjectiveTo assess the serologic response to all EBV peptides before the first symptoms of MS occur, determine whether the disease is associated with a distinct immune response to EBV, and evaluate whether specific
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The Most Difficult Question in a Cognitive Disorders Clinic. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Faheem Arshad, Suvarna Alladi
This essay describes the difficulty in diagnosing dementia and the experiences and questions caregivers have regarding its diagnosis.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of LGI1-Antibody and CASPR2-Antibody Encephalitis JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Mark J. Kelly, Eleanor Grant, Andrew G. Murchison, Sophie Binks, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Sophia Michael, Adam E. Handel, Lahiru Handunnetthi, Christopher E. Uy, John N. Soltys, Divyanshu Dubey, Gregory S. Day, A. Sebastian Lopez-Chiriboga, Eoin P. Flanagan, Fintan Sheerin, Sarosh R. Irani
ImportanceRapid and accurate diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis encourages prompt initiation of immunotherapy toward improved patient outcomes. However, clinical features alone may not sufficiently narrow the differential diagnosis, and awaiting autoantibody results can delay immunotherapy.ObjectiveTo identify simple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics that accurately distinguish 2 common
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Risk of Major Congenital Malformations and Exposure to Antiseizure Medication Monotherapy. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Dina Battino, Torbjörn Tomson, Erminio Bonizzoni, John Craig, Emilio Perucca, Anne Sabers, Sanjeev Thomas, Silje Alvestad, Piero Perucca, Frank Vajda
Women with epilepsy (WWE) require treatment with antiseizure medications (ASMs) during pregnancy, which may be associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) in their offspring.
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Visualizing Hyperhidrosis With Water-Erasable Ink. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Cathy Meng Fei Li, Matthew McShane, John Alexander Fraser
This case report describes the use of water-erasable ink to visualize hyperhidrosis in Frey syndrome.
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Clopidogrel Plus Aspirin vs Aspirin Alone in Patients With Acute Mild to Moderate Stroke: The ATAMIS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 20.4) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Hui-Sheng Chen, Yu Cui, Xin-Hong Wang, Yu-Tong Ma, Jing Han, Ying-Jie Duan, Jiang Lu, Li-Ying Shen, Yong Liang, Wei-Zhong Wang, Hui Wang, Yong Zhao, Jin-Tao Zhang, Yu-Lin Song, Xiao-Mei He, Run-Hui Li, Ding-Bo Tao, Jing Li, Shu-Man Huang, Ni Wang, Mei Hong, Chong Meng, Wei Zhang, Duo-Lao Wang, Thanh N Nguyen
Dual antiplatelet therapy has been demonstrated to be superior to single antiplatelet in reducing recurrent stroke among patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke, but robust evidence for its effect in patients with mild to moderate ischemic stroke is lacking.