An automated experimental system enables precise evaluation of cement dispersant performance through rheological measurements of 230 mL mortar samples. Analysis of 129 mortar samples demonstrated comprehensive characterization of dispersant effects beyond traditional manual testing capabilities. Principal component analysis revealed distinct patterns in torque measurements, explaining the variance

This research investigates the influence of alkaline concentration and calcium content on the shrinkage mechanisms, carbonation resistance and reinforcement corrosion of alkali-activated concrete system composed of calcined clay and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). An increase in Na2O% led to an improvement in the mechanical performance, pore structure refinement, reducing both accelerated

Recycled lump concrete (RLC) is a new sustainable construction material for filling large-sized demolished concrete lump (DCL) piles with fresh mortar or concrete. Due to the differences from conventional concrete casting technology, the heterogeneity and cohesion performance of the interfacial transition zones (ITZs) require further investigation. In this study, two types of self-compacting mortar

A novel iron-based phosphate cement (IPC), derived from iron-rich smelting slag (ISS), was developed as a sustainable and efficient binder for the stabilization/solidification of trivalent chromium (Cr3+). The mechanical properties, hydration behavior, microstructure, leaching toxicity, chromium chemical forms, and environmental safety of chromium-stabilized iron phosphate cement (CIPC) were thoroughly

Ensuring the safe, reliable, and cost‐efficient operation of transportation systems such as elevators is critical for the maintenance of civil infrastructures. The ability to monitor the health state and classify different operational states (elevator moving up/down, stopped, doors opening/closing) may lead to the development of intelligent solutions, such as diagnostics and predictive maintenance

The stability of embankment slopes for heavy‐haul railway foundations is essential for safe railway operations. Railway embankment slope stability datasets often rely on engineering judgment for analysis. The labor‐ and resource‐intensive processes of data preparation result in small dataset sizes. Machine learning analysis of small‐sample potential features is a key low‐cost approach for slope prediction

Climate change exacerbates natural disasters, demanding rapid damage and risk assessment. However, expert‐reliant analyses delay responses despite drone‐aided data collection. This study develops and compares multimodal AI approaches using advanced large language models (LLMs) for expert‐level landslide image analysis. We tackle landslide‐specific challenges: capturing nuanced geotechnical reasoning

Supersulfated cement (SSC) has been utilized in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) to replace Portland cement to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption. Polyoxymethylene fibers (POMF) have been added in UHPC to decrease shrinkage and increase tensile strength. Autogenous shrinkage and tensile creep are important factors in evaluating the cracking resistance of UHPC. However, investigations

This study investigates the impact of cellulose ethers (CE), particularly Hydroxyethyl Methyl Cellulose (HEMC), on the properties of earth-concrete mixes, focusing on both micro and macro-scale analyses. At the micro-scale, CE's influence on rheological responses and particle interactions was examined, revealing the formation of a robust network that enhances critical strain and yield stress, particularly

Laterite is a sustainable solid precursor for synthesising geopolymers with interesting properties. However, the intrinsic characteristics of raw laterite and their impact on the reactivity of calcined laterite in an alkaline medium are poorly understood. This research aims to investigate the chemical, mineralogy and physical characteristics of eight (8) raw lateritic soils from three regions of Cameroon

The significant global CO2 emissions from the cement industry coerces the development of alternative, low-carbon cement. Reactive MgO cement is a promising candidate, reacting with CO2 to form hydrated magnesium carbonates. This high-pressure X-ray diffraction study investigates the intrinsic mechanical properties of artinite, a binding phase in reactive MgO cement. Artinite remains structurally resolved

Cements based on hydrated magnesium carbonates are an alternative binder system with high CO2 sequestration ability. The present study examines the effect of silica, a by-product of MgO production from magnesium-silicate rocks, in MgO/nesquehonite binders. A high Mg/Si ratio of 3 was used to allow the formation of both the hydrous carbonate-containing brucite (HCB) phase and the magnesium silicate

Existing methods for patch repair in masonry tunnels are time-consuming, heavily reliant on manual labour, and inadequate to address the maintenance needs of the UK’s ageing Victorian railway tunnel network. This paper proposes a systematic framework to define innovative automated repair strategies by amalgamating various repair concepts, manufacturing techniques, and materials. Through this framework

During the construction of loess tunnels, disturbances to the surrounding rock can induce fissures, forming infiltration channels that accelerate water flow and enhance the wetting-collapse process, posing significant risks to tunnel stability. This study integrates similitude model experiments and numerical simulations to analyze the effects of fissures on water migration, surrounding rock stability

Transport infrastructure plays a significant role in economic development and social connectivity. Decisions regarding transport projects are made at several stages including, planning, prioritizing, funding, and implementation. Accurate and structured evaluation of infrastructure alternatives is essential for effective decision-making and proper resource allocation. This paper addresses the need for

Auxetic cementitious cellular composites (ACCCs) exhibit hinge-type recoverable deformation during auxetic behavior phase, a rare pseudo-elastic property in cementitious materials. However, their low load-bearing capacity during this phase restricts their use in high-load applications. This study developed ACCCs using strain-hardening cementitious composites (SHCCs) with short (SHCC-SS) and long (SHCC-LS)

High‐speed railway ballastless track structure crack detection usually has a high demand for the efficiency of crack detection technology. To overcome the limitation that current crack quantification methods usually require multiple steps, this paper proposes an efficient quantification method for track structure cracks using deep learning. This method applies the deep neural network (DNN) to the direct

This paper proposes a key origin–destination (OD) pairs perception reasoning (KODPR) approach for route guidance (RG) in urban traffic networks with numerous OD pairs. First, to reduce a real‐world RG problem's complexity with large OD sizes, a long‐term perception module is developed to identify a few critical OD pairs, making real‐world application feasible. Second, the issue of multi‐OD cooperation

To improve the durability and crack resistance of shield tunnel segments, glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars reinforced engineered geopolymer composite (EGC) segments, referred to as EGC-FRP segments, were introduced as a replacement for conventional steel reinforced concrete segments. Experimental study on flexural properties of EGC-FRP segments was conducted. Effects of EGC and reinforcement

The unique environmental conditions of underground metro systems pose challenges for occupant comfort. This study evaluated thermal, acoustic, lighting, and air quality environments at metro station entrances and platforms in Guangzhou, China, using environmental measurements and subjective questionnaire surveys. Key findings include: (1) The neutral SET was higher at platforms (21.6 °C) than that

Shavadans, as a part of traditional Iranian architecture, have significant potential for providing thermal comfort in hot and semi-humid climates. This study investigates the thermal comfort of ten Shavadans in Dezful during the summer. Data on air temperature, relative humidity, and airflow were collected and combined with surveys from residents. The results indicate that air temperatures at depths

This study explored the impact of wayfinding signs and individual differences on wayfinding performance in interchange spaces, particularly within underground rail interchange stations. Previous research has primarily focused on either the visual effects of signs or wayfinding outcomes, with limited consideration of their interactions. Therefore, this study used Ranjiaba station, Chongqing Rail Transit

Microwaves can be used to fracture hard rock and have the potential to be combined with tunnel boring machines. Deep engineering rock mass is usually in a true triaxial stress state. The microwave-induced subsurface fracturing characteristics and mechanism of hard rocks at different burial depths are unclear and need to be studied for microwave application in deep engineering. In this work, using a

High water absorption is a typical characteristic of most types of recycled aggregate (RA). In the production of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC), it is common practice to either wet the RA prior to mixing or increase the amount of water during mixing. Those two procedures, often referred to as water compensation methods, can bring the effective water-cement ratio of RAC to the target value. Nevertheless

Existing technologies struggle to accurately identify interactions between workers and equipment, as well as the deep semantics of complex construction scenes. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an automated construction site safety management system designed to enhance scene understanding and identify safety hazards while focusing on hazard-area and personal protective equipment (PPE)

Smart infrastructure management requires continuous monitoring and acquisition of heterogeneous data from diverse sources and their fusion for effective predictive maintenance. However, existing methods lack multi-level fusion, are limited to single-class outputs, and fail to incorporate maintenance actions alongside bridge condition ratings. Hence, this research explores a deep learning-driven multi-level

Human activity recognition (HAR) in construction has gained attention for its potential to improve safety and productivity. While HAR research has shifted toward vision-based approaches, many studies typically use data from a specific angle, limiting understanding of how camera angles affect accuracy. This paper addresses this gap by using AlphaPose and Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network

Bolt loosening in steel bridges poses critical safety risks. This paper proposes a multi-view spatiotemporal framework to assess bolt loosening. First, YOLO detects gusset plates and bolts, with spatiotemporal correlation model extracting region-specific bolt video clips. An enhanced UNet architecture quantifies bolt shadow areas as loosening indicators. To address single-frame feature limitations

Artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly advanced infrastructure monitoring, particularly through machine learning and deep learning techniques. In bridge management, combining AI with Building Information Modeling (BIM) and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) enhances accuracy, efficiency, and safety. This paper reviews AI, UAV, and BIM applications, focusing on technology integration and algorithm

The selection of data modelling methods in the data-driven performance prediction of tunnel boring machines is a challenge since each method has its own advantages and disadvantages compared with each other. Extreme learning machine (ELM) exhibits the benefits of fast learning speed, better scalability, and generalization performance, and is easy to convert between neural networks-based and kernel

Watermain failures universally challenge urban infrastructure, causing water loss, service disruptions, and maintenance challenges. There is a lack of research attention towards semi-tropical regions, which have unique environmental conditions affecting the deterioration of watermains differently. This paper develops a big data-driven prediction model for watermain failure types (no leak, leak, no

Multiple major resources exist below the ground: space, water, geothermal energy, and geomaterials. While the necessity of using multiple underground resources (MURs) has been extensively studied, the literature lacks examinations assessing the interaction relationship of MURs and the method of clarifying the priority utilization type (including synergistic use and individual use) and its scope of

A 14-m deep excavation in fine-grained soil below the groundwater level with 50,000 m2 Area has been carried out in the vicinity of a sensitive historical building. Diaphragm walls combined with either tie-back anchors, a buttress wall or a moment-resisting frame were used to protect the structures. A comprehensive monitoring system was developed to evaluate the groundwater situation, deformations

Cement grouts are typical non-Newtonian fluids, the flow behavior of which through fractured strata is governed by rheological properties of the grouts (e.g., yield stress and viscosity) and geometrical characteristics of rock fractures (e.g., surface roughness and variable aperture structures). Particularly, the complex void structure of rock fractures renders the flow field complex and heterogeneous

Groundwater flow configurations typically include unidirectional and radial flow and the flow field in rock mass are usually influenced by the flow configuration obviously. In this study, a calculation equation of radial flow permeability coefficient tensor was proposed, based on the calculation method of unidirectional flow permeability coefficient tensor and the correlation between rectangular and

The top ceiling smoke exhaust under different velocities not only removes heat and smoke in tunnel, but also has complex effects on the fresh and cold air entrainment, as well as the convective and radiative heat transfer, which in result affects the diffusion of the spilled fuel, the flame behavior and smoke temperature of tunnel spill fires. To investigate the impact of the top ceiling smoke extraction

Lava tubes, or pyroducts, have played a significant role in human history, serving as shelters, storage spaces, and dwellings across diverse cultures, times, and geographies. However, knowledge about their uses remains fragmented across various disciplines and sources. This research consolidates an extensive review of human interactions with lava tubes through bibliographical studies and on-site expeditions

High temperatures affect the physical and mechanical properties of roadways surrounding rock and affect their stability. To study the failure process of surrounding rock of arch roadway after a fire, biaxial compression tests were carried out on rectangular rock samples with a prefabricated hole after 25 ∼ 1000°C treatment. During the test, deformation, splitting and acoustic emission (AE) signals

Corrugated Metal Pipes (CMP) have been extensively used in culverts for decades. Currently, there is a significant growing demand for CMPs to be either replaced or rehabilitated due to their deterioration caused by corrosion. Sliplining is one of the simplest and cost-effective methods of CMP culvert rehabilitation. This paper examined the structural performance of CMP sliplined by Fibre Reinforced

Mid-infrared spectroscopy can provide a large amount of rapid, in-situ mineral information for geological mapping, mineral exploration, and the construction of tunnels and underground engineering projects. However, the mixed characteristics of mid-infrared spectra lead to strong spectral variation, which seriously hinders the accuracy of mineral identification using mid-infrared technology. We focused

The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RES) and the transition towards a decarbonized energy sector present significant challenges, particularly in demand-side management. Thermal energy storage (TES) systems offer a cost-effective solution for enhancing energy flexibility in building heating systems. However, improper sizing and operation of TES systems can lead to increased investment

The widespread use of split air conditioners (SAC) in Chinese residences has a significant impact on energy consumption. This study examines SAC usage behaviors in Jiaozuo, Henan Province, through environmental measurements and resident surveys. Using the entropy weight method, SAC users were classified into high air conditioning dependency (HACD) and low air conditioning dependency (LACD) groups.

Cement pastes made with ternary binders containing Portland cement, calcined smectitic clay and limestone were subjected to chloride migration and diffusion. Microstructural changes due to chloride ingress were studied by mercury intrusion porosimetry and SEM back-scattered electron image analysis, while chemical changes were investigated via chloride binding isotherms complemented by thermogravimetric

This research focuses on enhancing energy efficiency and grid stability in residential buildings by developing and evaluating advanced demand response (DR) strategies, explicitly comparing a Rule-Based model with a Predictive model leveraging machine learning. The Predictive Model utilised a neural network with ReLU activation functions, optimised using grid search and cross-validation, and incorporated

Reliable prediction of residential energy consumption is essential for informing energy efficiency policies and retrofit strategies. However, traditional data-driven approaches are often constrained by the availability and quality of data. This study presents a novel approach combining multimodal neural networks with a transfer learning framework, leveraging both tabular and visual data to enhance

Underground logistics systems (ULS) encompass a series of transformative technologies and engineering entities designed to enable automated freight transportation within and around cities. Featured by clean energy, all-weather operations, and high capacity, ULS are seen as promising solutions to mitigate “big city diseases” and improve logistics efficiency and sustainability. Previous studies and practice

In order to investigate the effects of speed information on the perception ability of drivers in the lighting environments of road tunnels, this study collected various psychophysiological data under different tunnel and driving speed through simulation experiments and real vehicle experiments. Subsequently, the characteristics of psychophysiology changes were analyzed, and a critical speed threshold

The increasing adoption of liquid hydrogen (LH2) as a clean energy carrier presents significant safety challenges, particularly in confined underground spaces like tunnels. LH2′s unique properties, including high energy density and cryogenic temperatures, amplify the risks of leaks and explosions, which can lead to catastrophic overpressures and extreme temperatures. This study addresses these challenges

The selection of appropriate cutter types and configurations is crucial for effective Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) operations. This study introduces a novel decision tree methodology to develop a model for selecting primary cutter types (PCT) and cutter configurations based on actual data from 112 high-performing TBM projects. Key parameters, including geological conditions (Soft Soil, Hard Soil, Coarse

Quantification of heat demand at regional levels is critical for effective decarbonisation initiatives. We use a top-down approach based on climate zones, dwelling and heating-type statistics to estimate the regional breakdown of New Zealand’s residential space and domestic water heat demand. This is further broken down by fuel, enabling the calculation of associated greenhouse gas emissions. The breakdown

The increasing complexity of urban tunnel structure poses substantial challenges for evacuation and rescue operations during tunnel fires. Air curtains are pivotal in effectively controlling and isolating thermal smoke without compromising the safe evacuation and rescue operations. In this study, we constructed a novel 1:10 reduced-scale smoke control test platform specifically designed for complex

Traditional excavated houses possess significant potential for adaptation to contemporary lifestyles while addressing sustainability challenges in construction. In the Vinalopó Medio region of Alicante, Spain, there exists a considerable number of historic cave dwellings that remain inhabited, yet there is a dearth of studies on these structures. It has become essential to investigate the indoor environmental

In the context of its adaptation to climate change, the city of Paris has been experimenting pavement-watering since 2013. More recently, in the context of the LIFE “Cool & Low Noise Asphalt” project, innovative pavements were studied in combination with pavement-watering from summer 2019 to 2021. In this paper, the analysis focuses on the performance of pavement-watering conducted on two innovative

Retroreflective materials, which reflect light back to its source for enhanced visibility in low-light conditions, have been pivotal in advancing applications across various fields such as transportation safety, urban heat island mitigation, and energy-efficient architecture. These materials, incorporating technologies like glass beads, microprisms, and nanostructures, have proven essential in improving

Alkaline solid wastes, such as recycled concrete fines, can integrate with CO2 to produce high-purity vaterite CaCO3 via leaching‑carbonation mineralization. This study aims to examine the stability and nucleation effects of the metastable vaterite relative to stable conventional calcite in cement paste systems. To better elucidate the underlying mechanisms, their influence in the pure C3S/C3A phase

Sulfate attack-induced expansion in cementitious materials is a complex physicochemical-mechanical phenomenon influenced by numerous factors. To deepen our understanding of this deterioration process, multiphysics modeling and simulations that can consider various material, structural, environmental conditions are invaluable. This study presents a fully coupled physicochemical-mechanical model to simulate

Leading edge erosion of wind turbine blades reduces energy production and blade lifetime, a growing issue with larger blades. Effective monitoring is crucial to tracking erosion and controlling maintenance costs. This paper presents an image-based 3D reconstruction method for the leading edges, targeting challenges like textureless surfaces, background motion, and limited image overlap that cause existing

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