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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Plasma Antibody and Nucleocapsid Antigen Status Predict Outcomes in Outpatients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Nikolaus Jilg, Mark J Giganti, Kara W Chew, Katy Shaw-Saliba, Justin Ritz, Carlee Moser, Teresa H Evering, Eric S Daar, Joseph J Eron, Judith S Currier, Michael D Hughes, H Cliff Lane, Robin Dewar, Davey M Smith, Jonathan Z Li
Background Reliable biomarkers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes are critically needed. We evaluated associations of spike antibody (Ab) and plasma nucleocapsid antigen (N Ag) with clinical outcomes in nonhospitalized persons with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Methods Participants were nonhospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 enrolled in ACTIV-2 between January and July 2021
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Obesity is associated with increased pediatric dengue virus infection and disease: A 9-year cohort study in Managua, Nicaragua Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Reinaldo Mercado-Hernandez, Rachel Myers, Fausto Andres Bustos Carillo, José Victor Zambrana, Brenda López, Nery Sanchez, Aubree Gordon, Angel Balmaseda, Guillermina Kuan, Eva Harris
Background Obesity is on the rise globally in adults and children, including in tropical areas where diseases such as dengue have a substantial burden, particularly in children. Obesity impacts the risk of severe dengue disease; however, the impact on dengue virus (DENV) infection and dengue cases remains an open question. Methods We used 9 years of data from 5,940 children in the Pediatric Dengue
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Ethiopia National Cholera Elimination Plan 2022–2028: Experiences, Challenges, and the Way Forward Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Mukemil Hussen, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Moti Edosa, Mandefro Kebede, Mesfin Wossen, Azeb Mulugeta Chane, Girma Abate, Wondosen Hailu Asfaw, Dejene Hailu, Mekonnen Teferi, Yeonji Jeon, Abel Gedefaw, Se Eun Park
Cholera remains a significant public health concern in Ethiopia. More than 15.9 million Ethiopians, constituting 15% of the total population, live in areas with a history of recurrent cholera outbreaks. The last 9 years of national cholera surveillance data show the country has been experiencing cholera outbreaks every year. The current cholera outbreak, starting in August 2022, has affected the entire
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Immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in children and adolescents: an analysis by age group Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Charissa Borja-Tabora, LakKumar Fernando, Eduardo Lopez Medina, Humberto Reynales, Luis Rivera, Xavier Saez-Llorens, Chukiat Sirivichayakul, Delia Yu, Nicolas Folschweiller, Kelley J Moss, Martina Rauscher, Vianney Tricou, Yuan Zhao, Shibadas Biswal
Background Dengue is an increasing threat to global health. This exploratory analysis evaluated the immunogenicity, safety, and vaccine efficacy (VE) of a live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TAK-003) in participants enrolled in the phase 3 DEN-301 trial (NCT02747927), stratified by baseline age (4–5 years; 6–11 years; or 12–16 years). Methods Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive 2 doses
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Coverage of Two-Dose Preemptive Cholera Mass Vaccination Campaign in High-Priority Hotspots in Shashemene, Oromia Region, Ethiopia Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Se Eun Park, Abel Gedefaw, Dejene Hailu, Yeonji Jeon, Ondari D Mogeni, Geun Hyeog Jang, David Mukasa, Ramzi Mraidi, Deok Ryun Kim, Tomas Getahun, Edlawit Mesfin Getachew, Biruk Yeshitela, Samuyel Ayele Abebe, Mukemil Hussen, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Mekonnen Teferi
Background Cholera is a public health priority in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian National Cholera Plan elaborates a multi-year scheme of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) use. Aligned with this, a preemptive OCV campaign was conducted under our Ethiopia Cholera Control and Prevention project. Here, we present the OCV vaccination outcomes. Method Cholera high-priority hotspots in the Oromia Region, Shashemene Town
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Retrospective Analysis of Cholera/Acute Watery Diarrhea Outbreaks in Ethiopia From 2001 To 2023: Incidence, Case Fatality Rate, and Seasonal and Multiyear Epidemic Patterns Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Abel Gedefaw, Yeonji Jeon, Dejene Hailu, Tomas Getahun, Ondari D Mogeni, David Mukasa, Geun Hyeog Jang, Gi Deok Pak, Deok Ryun Kim, Edlawit Mesfin Getachew, Biruk Yeshitela, Samuyel Ayele Abebe, Moti Edosa, Mesfin Wossen, Mekonnen Teferi, Se Eun Park
Background The Ethiopian government has developed the multisectoral cholera elimination plan (NCP) with an aim of reducing cholera incidence and case fatality rate (CFR). To better understand and monitor the progress of this plan, a comprehensive review of national cholera epidemiology is needed. Methods Reported data on cholera/acute watery diarrhea (AWD) cases in the past 20 years were extracted
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Healthcare Seeking Behavior and Disease Perception Toward Cholera and Acute Diarrhea Among Populations Living in Cholera High-Priority Hotspots in Shashemene, Ethiopia Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Tomas Getahun, Dejene Hailu, Ondari D Mogeni, Edlawit Mesfin Getachew, Biruk Yeshitela, Yeonji Jeon, Abel Gedefaw, Samuyel Ayele Abebe, Ermiyas Hundito, David Mukasa, Geun Hyeog Jang, Gi Deok Pak, Deok Ryun Kim, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Mukemil Hussen, Mekonnen Teferi, Se Eun Park
Background Healthcare seeking behavior (HSB) and community perception on cholera can influence its management. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to generate evidence on cholera associated HSB and disease perception in populations living in cholera hotspots in Ethiopia. Methods A total of 870 randomly selected households (HHs) in Shashemene Town (ST) and Shashemene Woreda (SW) participated in our
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Comprehensive Review on the Use of Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) in Ethiopia: 2019 to 2023 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Moti Edosa, Yeonji Jeon, Abel Gedefaw, Dejene Hailu, Edlawit Mesfin Getachew, Ondari D Mogeni, Geun Hyeog Jang, David Mukasa, Biruk Yeshitela, Tomas Getahun, Julia Lynch, Malika Bouhenia, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Mukemil Hussen, Mesfin Wossen, Mekonnen Teferi, Se Eun Park
Background Cholera outbreaks in Ethiopia necessitate frequent mass oral cholera vaccine (OCV) campaigns. Despite this, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive summary of these campaigns. Understanding national OCV vaccination history is essential to design appropriate and effective cholera control strategies. Here, we aimed to retrospectively review all OCV vaccination campaigns conducted across
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Dissecting Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) to Assess Risk Factors for Cholera in Shashemene, Oromia Region, Ethiopia Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Dejene Hailu, Yeonji Jeon, Abel Gedefaw, Jong-Hoon Kim, Ramzi Mraidi, Tomas Getahun, Ondari D Mogeni, Edlawit Mesfin Getachew, Geun Hyeog Jang, David Mukasa, Gi Deok Pak, Deok Ryun Kim, Samuyel Ayele Abebe, Biruk Yeshitela, Moti Edosa, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Se Eun Park, Mekonnen Teferi
Background Cholera outbreaks have afflicted Ethiopia, with nearly 100 000 cases and 1030 deaths reported from 2015 to 2023, emphasizing the critical need to understand water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) risk factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional household (HH) survey among 870 HHs in Shashemene Town and Shashemene Woreda, alongside extracting retrospective cholera case data from the Ethiopian
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Comparison of the 2015 and 2023 European Society of Cardiology versions of the Duke criteria among patients with suspected infective endocarditis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-11 Matthaios Papadimitriou-Olivgeris, Pierre Monney, Michelle Frank, Georgios Tzimas, Nicolas Fourre, Virgile Zimmermann, Piergiorgio Tozzi, Matthias Kirsch, Mathias Van Hemelrijck, Jana Epprecht, Benoit Guery, Barbara Hasse
Background Diagnosing infective endocarditis (IE) poses a significant challenge. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the 2015 and 2023 Duke clinical criteria introduced by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in a cohort of patients suspected of having IE. Methods Conducted retrospectively at two Swiss University Hospitals between 2014-2023, the study involved patients with suspected
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Challenges for novel antiretroviral development in an era of widespread TLD availability Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-11 Cassandra Fairhead, Jacob Levi, Andrew Hill
Over 80% of people living with HIV in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) take first-line TDF/XTC/DTG (TLD). Due to hard-fought activism, in >100 LMICs TLD now costs under $45pppy under Voluntary License. With final DTG patents expiring by 2029, generic TLD will soon be available globally. We identify seven critical benchmarks underpinning TLDs success which novel ART should now meet, and an eighth
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Factors associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes among persons with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a multicentric prospective cohort study from India Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Senbagavalli Prakash Babu, Komala Ezhumalai, Kalaivani Raghupathy, Meagan Karoly, Palanivel Chinnakali, Nikhil Gupte, Mandar Paradkar, Arutselvi Devarajan, Mythili Dhanasekaran, Kannan Thiruvengadam, Madolyn Rose Dauphinais, Akshay N Gupte, Shrivijay Balayogendra Shivakumar, Balamugesh Thangakunam, Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher, Vijay Viswanathan, Vidya Mave, Sanjay Gaikwad, Aarti Kinikar, Hardy
In this prospective cohort of 2,006 individuals with non-MDR tuberculosis in India, 18% had unfavorable treatment outcomes (4.7% treatment failure, 2.5% recurrent infection, 4.1% death, 6.8% loss to follow-up) over a median 12-month follow-up period. Age, male sex, low education, nutritional status, and alcohol use were predictors of unfavorable outcomes.
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2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Risk Assessment in Adults and Children Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-04 Robert A Bonomo, Anthony W Chow, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Romney Humphries, Keith Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Pranita D Tamma, Katelyn Donnelly, Dipleen Kaur, Jennifer Loveless
This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides a recommendation for risk stratification according to severity of illness score. The panel’s
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2024 Clinical Practice Guideline by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Utility of Intra-abdominal Fluid Cultures in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-04 Robert A Bonomo, Romney Humphries, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Keith Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Pranita D Tamma, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless
This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for obtaining cultures of intra-abdominal fluid in patients with known or suspected
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2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging of Suspected Acute Appendicitis in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-04 Robert A Bonomo, Pranita D Tamma, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Romney Humphries, Keith Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless
This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute appendicitis. The panel’s recommendations
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2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging of Suspected Acute Intra-abdominal Abscess in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-04 Robert A Bonomo, Pranita D Tamma, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Romney Humphries, Keith Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless
This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute intra-abdominal abscess. The panel’s
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2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Utility of Blood Cultures in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Robert A Bonomo, Romney Humphries, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Keith Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Pranita D Tamma, Sarah Pahlke, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless
This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for obtaining blood cultures in patients with known or suspected intra-abdominal
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2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Risk Assessment, Diagnostic Imaging, and Microbiological Evaluation in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Robert A Bonomo, Anthony W Chow, Morven S Edwards, Romney Humphries, Pranita D Tamma, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, E Patchen Dellinger, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Keith Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Sarah Pahlke, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless
As the first part of an update to the clinical practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the panel presents twenty-one updated recommendations. These recommendations span risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation. The panel’s
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2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging of Suspected Acute Cholecystitis and Acute Cholangitis in Adults, Children, and Pregnant People Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Robert A Bonomo, Morven S Edwards, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Romney Humphries, Keith Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Pranita D Tamma, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless
This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute cholecystitis or acute cholangitis
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2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections: Diagnostic Imaging of Suspected Acute Diverticulitis in Adults and Pregnant People Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Robert A Bonomo, Pranita D Tamma, Fredrick M Abrahamian, Mary Bessesen, Anthony W Chow, E Patchen Dellinger, Morven S Edwards, Ellie Goldstein, Mary K Hayden, Romney Humphries, Keith Kaye, Brian A Potoski, Jesús Rodríguez Baño, Robert Sawyer, Marion Skalweit, David R Snydman, Katelyn Donnelly, Jennifer Loveless
This paper is part of a clinical practice guideline update on the risk assessment, diagnostic imaging, and microbiological evaluation of complicated intra-abdominal infections in adults, children, and pregnant people, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. In this paper, the panel provides recommendations for diagnostic imaging of suspected acute diverticulitis. The panel’s recommendations
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Conversion or reversion of interferon gamma release assays for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Mao-Shui Wang, Jarrod Li-Hunnam, Ya-Li Chen, Beth Gilmour, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Yan-An Zhang, Mark P Nicol
Background Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) are widely used for diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection. However, with repeat testing, IGRA transformation (conversion or reversion) may be detected and is challenging to interpret. We reviewed the frequency of and risk factors for IGRA transformation. Methods We screened public databases for studies of human participants that reported the frequency
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Ocular syphilis in patients with nonreactive RPR and positive treponemal serologies: a retrospective observational cohort study Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-30 Amir M Mohareb, Miriam B Barshak, George N Papaliodis, Lucia Sobrin, Marlene L Durand
Background Screening for syphilis increasingly relies on positive treponemal rather than nontreponemal tests (rapid plasma reagin [RPR]). We compared ocular syphilis in patients with nonreactive versus positive RPR. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of ocular syphilis treated at two New England hospitals 1996-2021 based on ophthalmologist-diagnosed eye findings and positive
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Comparison of early fungicidal activity and mortality between daily liposomal amphotericin B and daily amphotericin B deoxycholate among patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-29 Sarah Kimuda, Richard Kwizera, Biyue Dai, Enos Kigozi, Derrick Kasozi, Morris K Rutakingirwa, Asmus Tukundane, Nabbaale Shifah, Tony Luggya, Andrew Luswata, Jane Frances Ndyetukira, Spencer Yueh, Suzan Mulwana, Abduljewad Wele, Nathan C Bahr, David B Meya, David R Boulware, Caleb P Skipper
Background Limited data exist on the antifungal activity of daily liposomal amphotericin B with flucytosine induction regimens for cryptococcal meningitis, which are recommended in high-income countries. Liposomal amphotericin B monotherapy at 3 mg/kg previously failed to meet non-inferiority criteria compared to amphotericin B deoxycholate in its registrational clinical trial. We aimed to compare
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Risks of SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 infection and COVID-19 associated emergency-department (ED) visits/hospitalizations following updated boosters and prior infection: a population-based cohort study Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Cheryl Chong, Liang En Wee, Xuan Jin, Mengyang Zhang, Muhammad Ismail Abdul Malek, Benjamin Ong, David Lye, Calvin J Chiew, Kelvin Bryan Tan
Introduction Data on protection afforded by updated COVID-19 vaccines (bivalent/XBB 1.5 monovalent) against the emergent JN.1 variant remains limited. Methods We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study amongst all boosted Singaporeans aged ≥18 years during a COVID-19 wave predominantly driven by JN.1, from 26th November 2023 to 13th January 2024. Multivariable Cox regression was utilised
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Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19 Requiring Oxygen Support: A Cross-Study Comparison from Two Large, Open-Label Studies Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Dahlene Fusco, Ivana Malenica, Huldrych F Günthard, Samir K Gupta, Dax Kurbegov, Bindu Balani, Susan Olender, Judith A Aberg, Laura E Telep, Yuan Tian, Christiana Blair, George Wu, Richard Haubrich, Chen-Yu Wang, Anand P Chokkalingam, Anu O Osinusi, Clemens-Martin Wendtner, Robert L Gottlieb
Background Remdesivir, an RNA-polymerase prodrug inhibitor approved for treatment of COVID-19, shortens recovery time and improves clinical outcomes. This prespecified analysis compared remdesivir plus standard-of-care (SOC) with SOC alone in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 requiring oxygen support in the early stage of the pandemic. Methods Data for 10-day remdesivir treatment plus SOC from the
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Interest in and Preference for Long-acting Injectable Antiretroviral Therapy in the Era of Approved Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine among Reproductive-aged Women in the U.S. South Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Lauren F Collins, Anandi N Sheth, Tina Tisdale, C Christina Mehta, Gaea Daniel, Daniel Westreich, Seble Kassaye, Elizabeth F Topper, Deborah Konkle-Parker, Aadia Rana, Maria L Alcaide, Morgan M Philbin
Among 103 reproductive-aged women with HIV in the U.S. South surveyed post-approval of long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir/rilpivirine, nearly two-thirds reported willingness to try LAI antiretroviral therapy (ART). Most expressed preference for LAI over daily oral ART and had minimal concerns over potential LAI-ART use impacting reproductive health.
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Clinical sub-phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Maaike C Swets, Zsuzsa Bakk, Annette C Westgeest, Karla Berry, George Cooper, Wynne Sim, Rui Shian Lee, Tze Yi Gan, William Donlon, Antonia Besu, Emily Heppenstall, Luke Tysall, Simon Dewar, Mark de Boer, Vance G Fowler, David H Dockrell, Guy E Thwaites, Miquel Pujol, Natàlia Pallarès, Cristian Tebé, Jordi Carratalà, Alexander Szubert, Geert H Groeneveld, Clark D Russell
Background Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) is a clinically heterogeneous disease. The ability to identify sub-groups of patients with shared traits (sub-phenotypes) is an unmet need that could allow patient stratification for clinical management and research. We aimed to test the hypothesis that clinically-relevant sub-phenotypes can be reproducibly identified amongst patients with SAB. Methods
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Navigating the Med-Peds Maze: Considerations for the Combined Adult and Pediatric Infectious Disease Fellowship Application Process Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 James M McCluskey
Navigating the combined adult and pediatric infectious disease (ID) fellowship application, interview, and matching process requires careful consideration from applicants and programs alike. Currently, it is functional but not streamlined, and as the ID community is facing recruitment and workforce challenges, it is important to be transparent about this process for applicants while emphasizing areas
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Risk factors and outcome associated with fungal infections in patients with severe burn injury: 10-year retrospective IFI-BURN study Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-25 Emmanuel Dudoignon, Sylvie Chevret, Sorel Tsague, Samia Hamane, Marc Chaouat, Benoit Plaud, Eric Vicault, Alexandre Mebazaa, Matthieu Legrand, Alexandre Alanio, Blandine Denis, Francois Dépret, Sarah Dellière
Background In burn patients, skin barrier disruption and immune dysfunctions increase susceptibility to invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) like invasive candidiasis (IC) and invasive mold infections (IMI). We provide an in-depth analysis of IFD-related factors and outcomes in a 10-year cohort of severe burn patients. Method Retrospective cohort study including adult patients admitted to the Burn Intensive
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Cutibacterium species valvular and cardiac device-related infective endocarditis: contemporary data from the GAMES prospective cohort (2008–2023) Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 David Alonso-Menchén, Mercedes Marín-Arriaza, Miguel Villamarín, Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo, Juan Carlos López-Azor, Jorge Calderón-Parra, Estefanía Águila Fernández-Paniagua, Carmen Hidalgo-Tenorio, Arístides de Alarcón, Miguel Ángel Goenaga-Sánchez, María Ángeles Rodríguez-Esteban, Elisa García Vázquez, Sara Grillo, Emilio Bouza, Patricia Muñoz
Background Information on infective endocarditis (IE) caused by Cutibacterium spp. is limited and new Duke-ISCVID criteria have not yet been properly assessed. We examined clinical characteristics, outcomes and performance of diagnostic tests for Cutibacterium valvular and cardiac implantable electronic device-related IE (CIED-IE). Methods Data corresponding to all episodes of Cutibacterium IE recorded
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Drug exposure and treatment outcomes in patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus: A multicenter prospective cohort study from China Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Yue Zhu, Lina Davies Forsman, Cheng Chen, Haoyue Zhang, Ge Shao, Sainan Wang, Shanshan Wang, Haiyan Xiong, Judith Bruchfeld, Weibing Wang, Limei Zhu, Jan-Willem Alffenaar, Yi Hu
Background The management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains challenging. Treatment outcome is influenced by multiple factors, the specific roles of diabetes and glycemic control remain uncertain. This study aims to assess the impact of glycemic control on drug exposure, to investigate the association between drug exposure and treatment outcomes, and to identify clinically-significant
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Projecting the Potential Clinical and Economic Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention Resource Reallocation in Tennessee Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-24 Ethan D Borre, Aima A Ahonkhai, Kyu-young Kevin Chi, Amna Osman, Krista Thayer, Anna K Person, Andrea Weddle, Clare F Flanagan, April C Pettit, David Closs, Mia Cotton, Allison L Agwu, Michelle S Cespedes, Andrea L Ciaranello, Gregg Gonsalves, Emily P Hyle, A David Paltiel, Kenneth A Freedberg, Anne M Neilan
Background In 2023, Tennessee replaced $6.2 M in US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention funding with state funds to redirect support away from men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women (TGW), and heterosexual Black women (HSBW) and to prioritize instead first responders (FR), pregnant people (PP), and survivors of sex trafficking (SST)
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Rates of resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam among patients treated for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia or pneumonia Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-21 Sunish Shah, Ellen G Kline, Ghady Haidar, Kevin M Squires, Jason M Pogue, Erin K McCreary, Justin Ludwig, Lloyd G Clarke, Madison Stellfox, Daria Van Tyne, Ryan K Shields
Among consecutive patients with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia or pneumonia we found those treated with ceftazidime-avibactam were more likely to develop resistance (defined as ≥4-fold increased MIC) than those treated with ceftolozane-tazobactam (40% vs. 10%; P=0.002). Ceftazidime-avibactam resistance was associated with new mutations in ampC and efflux regulatory pathways.
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Beyond Infection: Mortality and End-of-Life Care Associated with Infectious Disease Consultation in an Academic Health System Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-13 Alison G C Smith, Michael E Yarrington, Arthur W Baker, Gary M Cox, Kristen V Dicks, John J Engemann, Patricia Kohler, Ahmad Mourad, Rasha Raslan, Wil L Santivasi, Nicholas A Turner, Rebekah H Wrenn, Sofia Zavala, Jason E Stout
Background Infectious diseases (ID) physicians are increasingly faced with the challenge of caring for patients with terminal illnesses or incurable infections. Methods This was a retrospective cohort of all patients with an ID consult within an academic health system 1/1/2014 - 12/31/2023, including community, general, and transplant ID consult services. Results There were 60,820 inpatient ID consults
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Identifying Veterans Who Benefit From Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir: A Target Trial Emulation Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-12 Lei Yan, David Bui, Yuli Li, Nallakkandi Rajeevan, Mazhgan Rowneki, Kristin Berry, Stephanie Argraves, Yuan Huang, Denise M Hynes, Francesca Cunningham, Grant D Huang, Mihaela Aslan, George N Ioannou, Kristina L Bajema
Background Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is recommended for persons at risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but remains underutilized. Information on which eligible groups are likely to benefit from treatment is needed. Methods We conducted a target trial emulation study in the Veterans Health Administration comparing nirmatrelvir–ritonavir treated versus matched untreated veterans at risk
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Polymerase Chain Reaction on Respiratory Tract Specimens of Immunocompromised Patients to Diagnose Pneumocystis Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-11 Lottie Brown, Riina Rautemaa-Richardson, Carlo Mengoli, Alexandre Alanio, Rosemary A Barnes, Stéphane Bretagne, Sharon C A Chen, Catherine Cordonnier, J Peter Donnelly, Werner J Heinz, Brian Jones, Lena Klingspor, Juergen Loeffler, Thomas R Rogers, Eleanor Rowbotham, P Lewis White, Mario Cruciani
Background This meta-analysis examines the comparative diagnostic performance of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) on different respiratory tract samples, in both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and non-HIV populations. Methods A total of 55 articles met inclusion criteria, including 11 434 PCR assays on respiratory specimens from 7835 patients at
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Incident Tuberculosis Infection is Associated with Alcohol use in Adults in Rural Uganda Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-02 Rachel Abbott, Kirsten Landsiedel, Mucunguzi Atukunda, Sarah B Puryear, Gabriel Chamie, Judith A Hahn, Florence Mwangwa, Elijah Kakande, Maya L Petersen, Diane V Havlir, Edwin Charlebois, Laura B Balzer, Moses R Kamya, Carina Marquez
Data on alcohol use and incident Tuberculosis (TB) infection are needed. In adults aged 15+ in rural Uganda (N=49,585), estimated risk of incident TB infection was 29.2% with alcohol use vs. 19.2% without (RR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.40-1.60). There is potential for interventions to interrupt transmission among people who drink alcohol.
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Definition of Virological Endpoints Improving the Design of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Cure Strategies Using Analytical Antiretroviral Treatment Interruption Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-31 Marie Alexandre, Mélanie Prague, Edouard Lhomme, Jean-Daniel Lelièvre, Linda Wittkop, Laura Richert, Yves Lévy, Rodolphe Thiébaut
Background Analytical treatment interruption (ATI) is the gold standard in HIV research for assessing the capability of new therapeutic strategies to control viremia without antiretroviral treatment (ART). The viral setpoint is commonly used as endpoint to evaluate their efficacy. However, in line with recommendations from a consensus meeting, to minimize the risk of increased viremia without ART,
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Tafenoquine for Relapsing Babesiosis: A Case Series Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-30 Peter J Krause, Ralph Rogers, Monika K Shah, HeeEun Kang, Jeffrey Parsonnet, Rich Kodama, Edouard Vannier
Background Relapsing babesiosis often occurs in highly immunocompromised patients and has been attributed to the acquisition of resistance against drugs commonly used for treatment such as atovaquone, azithromycin, and clindamycin. Tafenoquine, which is approved for malaria prophylaxis and presumptive antirelapse treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria, has shown activity against Babesia microti in several
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Development of Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines: BARDA Supported Phase 2b Study Designs Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Daniel N Wolfe, Elizabeth Arangies, Gloria L David, Brian Armstrong, Theresa Z Scocca, Janel Fedler, Ramya Natarajan, James Zhou, Lakshmi Jayashankar, Ruben Donis, Mirjana Nesin, H Cody Meissner, Laurence Lemiale, Gerald R Kovacs, Shyam Rele, Robin Mason, Huyen Cao
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines were quickly and successfully developed and deployed, saving millions of lives globally. While first generation vaccines are safe and effective in preventing disease caused by SARSCoV-2, next-generation vaccines have the potential to improve efficacy and safety. Vaccines delivered by a mucosal route may elicit greater protective immunity at respiratory
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Tenofovir Alafenamide versus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for Preventing Vertical Transmission in Chronic Hepatitis B Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Calvin Q Pan, Lin Zhu, Andy S Yu, Yuchan Zhao, Bo Zhu, Erhei Dai
Objective International guidelines recommend maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy accompanied by infant immunoprophylaxis to prevent HBV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in highly viremic mothers. However, pooled analyses for tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) effects and comparisons between the two regimens are lacking. Design In this meta-analysis, pairs of independent reviewers performed
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SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the first year after hematopoietic cell transplant or chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: A prospective, multicenter, observational study Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-27 Joshua A Hill, Michael J Martens, Jo-Anne H Young, Kavita Bhavsar, Jianqun Kou, Min Chen, Lik Wee Lee, Aliyah Baluch, Madhav V Dhodapkar, Ryotaro Nakamura, Kristin Peyton, Dianna S Howard, Uroosa Ibrahim, Zainab Shahid, Paul Armistead, Peter Westervelt, John McCarty, Joseph McGuirk, Mehdi Hamadani, Susan DeWolf, Kinga Hosszu, Elad Sharon, Ashley Spahn, Amir A Toor, Stephanie Waldvogel, Lee M Greenberger
Background The optimal timing of vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines after cellular therapy is incompletely understood. The objectives of this study are to determine whether humoral and cellular responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination differ if initiated <4 months versus 4-12 months after cellular therapy. Methods We conducted a multicenter prospective observational study at 30 cancer centers in the
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Distinct clinical endpoints of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia complicate assessment of outcome Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-20 Clark D Russell, Karla Berry, George Cooper, Wynne Sim, Rui Shian Lee, Tze Yi Gan, William Donlon, Antonia Besu, Emily Heppenstall, Luke Tysall, Andrew Robb, Simon Dewar, Andrew Smith, Vance G Fowler
Background We aimed to test the hypothesis that development of metastatic infection represents a distinct clinical endpoint from death due to SAB. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of adults with SAB between 20/12/2019 and 23/08/2022 (n=464). Simple logistic regression, odds ratios, and z-scores were used to compare host, clinical and microbiologic features. Results Co-occurrence
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Point-of-care ultrasound in infectious diseases: Current insights and future perspectives Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-18 Alejandro Díez-Vidal, Patricia Martínez-Martín, Borja González-Muñoz, Yale Tung-Chen
Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) is a safe, non-invasive technique performed at the patient's bedside, providing immediate results to the operator. It complements physical examination and facilitates clinical decision-making. In infectious diseases, POCUS is particularly valuable, offering an initial assessment in cases of suspected infection. It often leads to an early tentative diagnosis enabling
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Association between infectious diseases consultation and mortality in hospitalized patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infection: a retrospective population-wide cohort study Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-17 Sean W X Ong, Jin Luo, Daniel J Fridman, Samantha M Lee, Jennie Johnstone, Kevin L Schwartz, Christina Diong, Samir N Patel, Derek R MacFadden, Bradley J Langford, Steven Y C Tong, Kevin A Brown, Nick Daneman
Objectives Data supporting routine infectious diseases (ID) consultation in Gram-negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI) are limited. We evaluated the association between ID consultation and mortality in patients with GN-BSI in a retrospective population-wide cohort study in Ontario using linked health administrative databases. Methods Hospitalized adult patients with GN-BSI between April 2017 and
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Clinical presentation, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment outcomes of Aeromonas human infections: A 14-year retrospective study and comparative genomics of two isolates from fatal cases Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-17 Roberto Pineda-Reyes, Blake H Neil, Joseph Orndorff, Natalie Williams-Bouyer, Michael Netherland, Nur A Hasan, Md Ibrahim Tahashilder, Jian Sha, Ashok K Chopra, David Reynoso
Background Aeromonas virulence may not be entirely dependent on the host immune status. Pathophysiologic determinants of disease progression and severity remain unclear. Methods One hundred five patients with Aeromonas infections and 112 isolates were identified, their clinical presentations and outcomes analyzed, and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns assessed. Two isolates (A and B) from
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Breakthrough Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients With High-Risk Hematological Disorders Receiving Voriconazole and Posaconazole Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-16 Catherine-Audrey Boutin, Florence Durocher, Stéphanie Beauchemin, Daniela Ziegler, Claire Nour Abou Chakra, Simon Frédéric Dufresne
Background Primary antifungal prophylaxis with mold-active azoles is used to prevent invasive fungal infections in patients with high-risk hematological disorders; however, breakthrough infections occur, and the reasons for treatment failure are still not fully understood. To help inform clinical decisions, we sought to define microbiological, clinical, and pharmacological characteristics of proven
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Pharmaco-virological outcomes and genotypic resistance profiles among children and adolescents receiving a DTG-based regimen in Togo Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Yao Rodion Konu, Elom Takassi, Gilles Peytavin, Nina Dapam, Florence Damond, Wone Adama Oumarou, Meryem Zaidi, Anna-Maria Franco-Yusti, Claver A Dagnra, Quentin Le Hingrat, Romain Coppée, Diane Descamps, Fatoumata Binta Tidiane Diallo, Didier K Ekouevi, Charlotte Charpentier
Background Few data are available on the real-world efficacy of receiving tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir (DTG) as HIV treatment, particularly among young people in West Africa. Here, we evaluated pharmaco-virological outcomes and resistance profiles among Togolese children and adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Lomé, Togo, enrolling antiretroviral-treated people with HIV
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Enhanced tuberculosis diagnosis with computer-aided chest X-ray and urine LAM in adults with HIV admitted to hospital (CASTLE study): A cluster randomised trial Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Rachael M Burke, Saulos K Nyirenda, Timeo Mtenga, Hussein H Twabi, Elizabeth Joekes, Naomi F Walker, Rose Nyirenda, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Marriott Nliwasa, Katherine Fielding, Peter MacPherson, Elizabeth L Corbett
Background People with HIV (PHIV) admitted to hospital have high mortality, with tuberculosis (TB) being the major cause of death. Systematic use of new TB diagnostics could improve TB diagnosis and might improve outcomes. Methods We conducted a cluster randomised trial among adult PHIV admitted to Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi. Admission-days were randomly assigned to: enhanced TB diagnostics using
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High Prevalence of Unconfirmed Positive HIV PCR Test Results among African Infants with HIV Exposure in the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) Consortium Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 James G Carlucci, Thomas Huntington, Karl-Günter Technau, Marcel Yotebieng, Valériane Leroy, Kim Anderson, Madeleine Amorissani-Folquet, Kara Wools-Kaloustian, Andrew Edmonds
In a large, multi-regional cohort of African infants with HIV exposure, 44% of those with a positive HIV PCR lacked a confirmatory positive test. Efforts are needed to ensure high-fidelity implementation of HIV testing algorithms, so that all positive results are confirmed thereby reducing the risk of potentially false-positive results.
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Lowering the Acquisition of Multi-drug Resistant Organism (MDROs) with Pulsed-xenon (LAMP) Study: a cluster randomized controlled, double-blinded, interventional crossover trial Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Sorabh Dhar, Chetan Jinadatha, Paul E Kilgore, Oryan Henig, George W Divine, Erika N Todter, John D Coppin, Marissa J Carter, Teena Chopra, Steve Egbert, Philip C Carling, Keith S Kaye
Background Environmental disinfection is essential for reducing spread of healthcare associated infections (HAIs). Previous studies report conflicting results regarding the effects of ultraviolet light (UV) in reducing infections. This trial evaluated the impact of adding pulsed xenon UV (PX-UV) to standard terminal cleaning in reducing environmentally-implicated HAIs (eiHAIs). Methods The LAMP trial
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Quantifying the Time to Administer Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy: A Missed Opportunity to Compensate for the Value of Infectious Diseases Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Asher J Schranz, Michael Swartwood, Madison Ponder, Renae Boerneke, Teresa Oosterwyk, Angela Perhac, Claire E Farel, Alan C Kinlaw
Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) relies on substantial uncompensated provider time. In this study of a large academic OPAT program, the median amount of unbilled OPAT management time was 27 minutes per week, per OPAT course. These data should inform benchmarks in pursuing novel payment approaches for OPAT.
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Influence of Antibiotic Exposure Intensity on the Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Michael J Ray, Luke C Strnad, Kendall J Tucker, Jon P Furuno, Eric T Lofgren, Caitlin M McCracken, Hiro Park, Jeffrey S Gerber, Jessina C McGregor
Background Antibiotics are a strong risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and CDI incidence is often measured as an important outcome metric for antimicrobial stewardship interventions aiming to reduce antibiotic use. However, risk of CDI from antibiotics varies by agent and dependent on the intensity (i.e., spectrum and duration) of antibiotic therapy. Thus, the impact of stewardship
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Doff Thy Gown — Shedding Contact Precautions for COVID-19 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Alexander S Rabin, Linsey C Marr, Henry M Blumberg
SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly transmitted through aerosols (i.e., airborne transmission), however, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention continue to recommend the use of contact precautions (a gown and gloves) for the care of patients with COVID-19. Infection prevention guidelines should reflect the current science and eliminate this wasteful practice.
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Assessment of spillover of antimicrobial resistance to untreated children 7 to 12 years old after mass drug administration of azithromycin for child survival in Niger: a secondary analysis of the MORDOR cluster-randomized trial Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-13 Brittany Peterson, Ahmed M Arzika, Abdou Amza, Ramatou Maliki, Alio Mankara Karamba, Mariama Moussa, Mariama Kemago, Zijun Liu, Eric Houpt, Jie Liu, Suporn Pholwat, Thuy Doan, Travis Porco, Jeremy D Keenan, Thomas M Lietman, Kieran S O’Brien
Background The risk of antibiotic resistance is complicated by the potential for spillover effects from one treated population to another. Azithromycin mass drug administration programs report higher rates of antibiotic resistance among treatment arms in targeted groups. This study aims to understand the risk of spillover of antibiotic resistance to non-target groups in these programs. Methods Data
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Assessment of the Impact of RNase in Patients With Severe Fatigue Related to Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC): A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of RSLV-132 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-10 James S Andrews, Jim B Boonyaratanakornkit, Eva Krusinska, Suzanne Allen, James A Posada
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA and RNA debris persist in viral reservoirs for weeks to months following infection, potentially triggering interferon production and chronic inflammation. RSLV-132 is a biologic drug composed of catalytically active human RNase1 fused to human IgG1 Fc and is designed to remain in circulation and digest extracellular RNA. We
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Social Factors Associated with Congenital Syphilis in Missouri Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Elizabeth Daniels, Andrew Atkinson, Nicholas Cardoza, Aditi Ramakrishnan, Denise Willers, Hilary Reno
Background Congenital syphilis disproportionately affects individuals impacted by adverse social determinants of health. Understanding these determinants may help facilitate holistic care. Methods We performed a retrospective review of mother-infant dyads with potential congenital syphilis in a Missouri hospital system. Cases were classified per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention clinical scenarios
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Associations between antiretroviral regimen and changes in blood pressure: results from the D2EFT study Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Phyo Pyae Nyein, Kathy Petoumenos, Margaret Borok, Nnakelu Eriobu, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Iskandar Azwa, Sounkalo Dao, Mohamed Cisse, Nila J Dharan, Josh Hanson, Gail V Matthews
In this randomised, controlled study in 14 low- and middle-income countries, individuals taking dolutegravir with darunavir/ritonavir for 48 weeks had a greater increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure than individuals taking two nucleoside reverse transcriptase with darunavir/ritonavir. The difference remained significant after controlling for confounding factors including weight gain.
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Safety Data Timelines for Pregnant Individuals with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 William R Short, Matty M Zimmerman, Ola Mohamed, Lynne M Mofenson
Antiretrovirals are often approved by the Food and Drug Administration without sufficient safety data regarding their use in pregnancy. To quantify this delay, we calculated the interval from the approval date to their inclusion in the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry prospective analysis (≥ 200 first trimester exposures); median delay was six years.
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Prevention of Vascular Access Device-Associated Hospital Onset Bacteremia and Fungemia: A Review of Emerging Perspectives and Synthesis of Technical Aspects Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-06 Robert Garcia, Edward J Septimus, Jack LeDonne, Lisa K Sturm, Nancy Moureau, Michelle DeVries, Barbara DeBaun
Significant events impacting healthcare over the last several years have been associated with escalating rates of healthcare-associated infections. This has resulted in increased efforts to reinstitute well-established and evidence-based infection prevention practices, particularly for central line associated bloodstream infections. However, implementation of prevention initiatives beyond central lines