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Efficacy and Safety of Systematic Corticosteroids treatment among HIV-Positive Patients with Tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-11 Jiaqi Pu, Shouquan Wu, Jian-Qing He
Introduction The efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) remain controversial. Method PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database were searched on September 19, 2024. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, while secondary outcomes included serious adverse events. A random-effects model calculated risk ratios
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Alleviation of COVID-19 Symptoms and Reduction in Healthcare Utilization Among High-Risk Patients Treated With Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir (NMV/R): A phase 3 randomized trial Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-11 Jennifer Hammond, Heidi Leister-Tebbe, Annie Gardner, Paula Abreu, Weihang Bao, Wayne Wisemandle, Wajeeha Ansari, Magdalena Alicja Harrington, Abraham Simón-Campos, Kara W Chew, Rienk Pypstra, James M Rusnak
Background Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) is an oral antiviral treatment for mild to moderate COVID-19. Methods This phase 2/3, double-blind, randomized (1:1) study assessed oral NMV/r 300 mg/100 mg versus placebo every 12 hours for 5 days in high-risk, unvaccinated, nonhospitalized, symptomatic adults with COVID-19 from 343 sites across 21 countries. In testing the primary endpoint of COVID-19‒related
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Bivalent RSVpreF Vaccine in Adults 18 to <60 Years Old With High-Risk Conditions Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-07 Matthew Davis, William Towner, Elliot DeHaan, Qin Jiang, Wen Li, Farah Rahman, Michael Patton, Hayley Wyper, Maria Maddalena Lino, Uzma N Sarwar, Zaynah Majid-Mahomed, Saumil Mehta, William Howitt, Kevin Cannon, Elena Kalinina, David Cooper, Kena A Swanson, Annaliesa S Anderson, Alejandra Gurtman, Iona Munjal
Background Older individuals and adults with certain chronic or immunocompromising health conditions are at increased risk of severe RSV disease. Methods In this phase 3 randomized trial of RSVpreF safety and immunogenicity in 18−59-year-olds at high-risk of severe RSV disease, participants were randomized 2:1 to 1 RSVpreF (120 µg) or placebo dose. Primary safety endpoints included reactogenicity events
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Diagnostic accuracy of TB screening tests in a prospective multinational cohort: Chest-X-ray with computer-aided detection, Xpert TB host response, and C-reactive protein Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-07 Rebecca Crowder, Balamugesh Thangakunam, Alfred Andama, Devasahayam J Christopher, Victoria Dalay, Welile Nwamba, Sandra V Kik, Dong Van Nguyen, Nguyen Viet Nhung, Patrick P J Phillips, Morten Ruhwald, Grant Theron, William Worodria, Charles Yu, Payam Nahid, Adithya Cattamanchi, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Claudia M Denkinger
Background Accessible, accurate screening tests are necessary to advance tuberculosis (TB) case finding and early detection in high-burden countries. Methods We prospectively screened adults with ≥2 weeks of cough at primary health centers in the Philippines, Vietnam, South Africa, Uganda, and India. Participants received chest-X-ray, Cepheid Xpert TB Host Response (Xpert HR) testing, and point-of-care
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Differences in Trends in Cancer Incidence Rates Among People with HIV during 2001–2019 By Race and Ethnicity and By Risk Group in the United States Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-07 Qianlai Luo, Marie-Josèphe Horner, Cameron B Haas, Jennifer K McGee-Avila, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Eric A Engels, Karen Pawlish, Analise Monterosso, David J Riedel, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Lou Gonsalves, Suzanne Speers, Colby Cohen, Meredith S Shiels
Background Cancer risk among people with HIV (PWH) has declined over time as a result of antiretroviral therapy, but it is unclear whether all racial/ethnic groups and transmission risk groups have experienced equal declines. Methods We used data on PWH aged ≥20 years old from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study during 2001–2019. We used Poisson regression to assess time trends in incidence rates for each
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Gauging Medical Students’ Interests in Infectious Diseases Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-06 Collin Telchik, Christopher J Peterson, Taylor Yakubik, Sharon Park, Anthony Baffoe-Bonnie, Lauren Sisco
Background Infectious diseases is a crucial specialty in medicine, yet applications for fellowship have declined even as the United States faces an imminent shortage of infectious disease physicians. Career interests often develop in medical school, but little is known about which interests and experiences are associated with interest in ID. Objective Evaluate interest in ID among medical students
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Global trends in CD4 count measurement and distribution at first antiretroviral treatment initiation Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-05 Reneé de Waal, Kara Wools-Kaloustian, Ellen Brazier, Keri N Althoff, Antoine Jaquet, Stephany N Duda, Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy, Theodora Savory, Helen Byakwaga, Gad Murenzi, Amy Justice, Didier K Ekouevi, Carina Cesar, Mark K U Pasayan, Agness Thawani, Charles Kasozi, Pelagie Babakazo, Maile Karris, Eugene Messou, Claudia P Cortes, Cordelia Kunzekwenyika, Jun Yong Choi, Noela C Owarwo, Annabelle
Background While people with HIV (PWH) start antiretroviral treatment (ART) regardless of CD4 count, CD4 measurement remains crucial for detecting advanced HIV disease and evaluating ART programmes. We explored CD4 measurement (proportion of PWH with a CD4 result available) and prevalence of CD4 <200 cells/µL at ART initiation within the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA)
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Fatal borealpox in an immunosuppressed patient treated with antivirals and vaccinia immunoglobulin — Alaska, 2023 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-05 Julia H Rogers, Benjamin Westley, Thomas Mego, Katherine G Newell, John Laurance, Lisa Smith, Jayme Parker, Sarah Y Park, Shivkumar Venkatasubrahmanyam, Nicholas Noll, Sivan Bercovici, Agam K Rao, Andrea M McCollum, Whitni Davidson, William C Carson, Michael B Townsend, Jeffrey B Doty, Christina Hutson, Yu Li, Kimberly Wilkins, Jiusheng Deng, Crystal M Gigante, Panayampalli S Satheshkumar, Alexandra
Background Borealpox virus (BRPV, formerly known as Alaskapox virus) is a zoonotic member of the Orthopoxvirus genus first identified in a person in 2015. In the six patients with infection previously observed BRPV involved mild, self-limiting illness. We report the first fatal BRPV infection in an immunosuppressed patient Methods A man aged 69 years from Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula was receiving anti-CD20
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Relationship between clarithromycin MICs and treatment responses in Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Joong-Yub Kim, Hyeontaek Hwang, DaHae Yim, Yunhee Choi, Taek Soo Kim, Jake Whang, Nakwon Kwak, Jae-Joon Yim
Background Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) is a chronic lung condition with rapidly increasing prevalence worldwide. Macrolides like azithromycin and clarithromycin are the backbone of long-term antibiotic therapy for progressive MAC-PD. The impact of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), especially within the susceptible range, for macrolides on treatment responses remains
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Tuberculosis and increased incidence of cardiovascular disease: Cohort study using US and UK health records Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Julia A Critchley, Elizabeth S Limb, Anjali Khakharia, Iain M Carey, Sara C Auld, Stephen DeWilde, Tess Harris, Lawrence S Phillips, Derek G Cook, Mary K Rhee, Umar A R Chaudhry, Liza Bowen, Matthew J Magee
Background Limited evidence suggests elevated risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among people diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) disease, though studies have not adjusted for pre-existing CVD risk. We carried out a cohort study using two separate datasets, estimating CVD incidence in people with TB versus those without. Methods Using data from the United States (Veterans Health Administration) and
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Switch to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors during the Menopausal Transition is Associated with Accelerated Body Composition Change in Women with HIV Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Rebecca A Abelman, Yifei Ma, C Christina Mehta, Qian Yang, Fan Xia, James B Brock, Maria Alcaide, Anjali Sharma, Michelle Floris-Moore, Elizabeth Topper, Kathleen M Weber, Seble G Kassaye, Deborah Gustafson, Carl Grunfeld, Cecile D Lahiri, Phyllis C Tien
Background Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and the menopausal transition have separately been associated with body composition changes in women with HIV (WWH), but their interaction is unknown. Methods From 2006-2019, 1131 non-pregnant WWH with viral suppression [(419 who switched to INSTI (INSTI+); 712 who did not switch (INSTI–)] and 887 women without HIV (WWOH) from the Women’s Interagency
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Current and future strategies for the prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus infections in transplantation Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Madeleine R Heldman, Michael J Boeckh, Ajit P Limaye
Successful prevention and treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a central focus of clinical care in solid organ and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Over the past 5 years, pivotal clinical trials have created new paradigms in CMV prevention, including diverging approaches in HCT and SOT. We review recent advances in CMV risk assessment and progress in antiviral and immune-based
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Five-year evaluation of Anal Cancer Screening Program in Men Who Have Sex With Men with HIV at Two Academic Center Clinics Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Amit C Achhra, Elizabeth Chan, Serina Applebaum, Maggie Guerrero, Ritche Hao, Haddon Pantel, Michael Virata, Margaret Fikrig, Lydia Barakat
Background Guidelines recommend annual anal cytology-based squamous cell carcinoma of anus (SCCA) screening for men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV aged ≥35 years (eligible population). Recommended threshold for high resolution anoscopy (HRA) depends on its availability: low-threshold (any abnormal cytology) if availability is high, and high-threshold (High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
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Long-term dynamics of measles virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in children vaccinated before 12 months of age Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Maaike van der Staak, Hinke I ten Hulscher, Alina M Nicolaie, Gaby P Smits, Rik L de Swart, Jelle de Wit, Nynke Y Rots, Robert S van Binnendijk
Background Measles is a highly contagious disease presenting a significant risk for unvaccinated infants and adults. Measles vaccination under the age of 12 months provides early protection, but has also been associated with blunting of antibody responses to subsequent measles vaccinations and assumed to have lower vaccine effectiveness. Methods Our study included children who received an early measles
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The burden of all-cause mortality following influenza-associated hospitalizations, FluSurv-NET, 2010-2019 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-04 Alissa C O’Halloran, Alexander J Millman, Rachel Holstein, Sonja J Olsen, Charisse Cummings, Shua J Chai, Pam Daily Kirley, Nisha B Alden, Kimberly Yousey-Hindes, James Meek, Kyle P Openo, Emily Fawcett, Patricia A Ryan, Lauren Leegwater, Justin Henderson, Melissa McMahon, Ruth Lynfield, Kathy M Angeles, Molly Bleecker, Suzanne McGuire, Nancy L Spina, Brenda L Tesini, Maria A Gaitan, Krista Lung, Eli
Background While the estimated number of U.S. influenza-associated deaths is reported annually, detailed data on the epidemiology of influenza-associated deaths, including the burden of in-hospital versus post-hospital discharge deaths are limited. Methods Using data from the 2010-11 through 2018-19 seasons from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network, we linked cases to death certificates
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Virologic Response and Safety of Ibuzatrelvir, a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral, in Adults With COVID-19 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Mahta Mortezavi, Abigail Sloan, Ravi Shankar P Singh, Luke F Chen, Jin Hyang Kim, Negin Shojaee, Sima S Toussi, John Prybylski, Mary Lynn Baniecki, Arthur Bergman, Anindita Banerjee, Charlotte Allerton, Negar Niki Alami
Background Despite effective vaccines and treatments for COVID-19, clinical burden persists. An unmet need exists for additional effective agents with safety profiles allowing use across a broad population. Ibuzatrelvir is an orally bioavailable SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor that has demonstrated in vitro antiviral activity and low potential for safety concerns, including drug-drug interactions. Methods
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High Retention and Adherence with Rapid Long-Acting Injectable PrEP Implementation in an Urban Safety-Net Clinic Population Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Matthew A Spinelli, Ezra Bisom-Rapp, Megan J Heise, Christina Camp, Ayesha Appa, Albert Y Liu, Kevin Sassaman, Mary Shiels, Francis Mayorga-Munoz, Anthonia Chimezie, Janet Nguyen, Jon Oskarsson, Monica Gandhi
In a low-barrier long-acting PrEP program in a safety-net setting, permitting same-day or next-day initiation, 85% of injections were on-time, and six-month retention was 83%, surpassing outcomes from most previously-reported oral PrEP studies. With drop-in, wrap-around services, similar retention among housing-insecure populations was seen. Long-acting PrEP expansion is urgently needed.
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Evidence-Informed Provision of Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Prevention of Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-31 Julia C Dombrowski, Deborah Donnell, Cole Grabow, Stephanie E Cohen, Chase A Cannon, Clare E Brown, Susan P Buchbinder, Connie Celum, Anne F Luetkemeyer
Doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) reduces the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men and transgender women. In the United States, doxy-PEP is in an early stage of integration into clinical practice, and national guidelines for its use were recently released. The goal of this manuscript is to provide practical guidance for clinicians who
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Interferon-Gamma Release Assay Conversion and Reversion Reactions During Solid Organ Transplant Evaluation. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-30 Chia-Yu Chiu,Maryam Mahmood,Lisa M Brumble,Holenarasipur R Vikram,Elitza S Theel,Elena Beam
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2024 Clinical Practice Guideline Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America on the Management of COVID-19: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Pemivibart for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-29 Adarsh Bhimraj,Yngve Falck-Ytter,Arthur Y Kim,Jonathan Z Li,Lindsey R Baden,Steven Johnson,Robert W Shafer,Shmuel Shoham,Pablo Tebas,Roger Bedimo,Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng,Kara W Chew,Kathleen Chiotos,Eric S Daar,Amy L Dzierba,David V Glidden,Erica J Hardy,Greg S Martin,Christine MacBrayne,Nandita Nadig,Mari M Nakamura,Amy Hirsch Shumaker,Phyllis Tien,Jennifer Loveless,Rebecca L Morgan,Rajesh T Gandhi
This article provides a focused update to the clinical practice guideline on the treatment and management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019, developed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The guideline panel presents a recommendation on the use of the anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralizing antibody pemivibart as pre-exposure prophylaxis. The recommendation
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Perspectives of people with HIV on implementing long acting cabotegravir plus rilpivirine in clinics and community settings in the UK: results from the anti-sexist, anti-racist, anti-ageist ILANA study. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-28 Chloe Orkin,Rosalie Hayes,Joanne Haviland,Yuk Lam Wong,Kyle Ring,Vanessa Apea,Bakita Kasadha,Emily Clarke,Ruth Byrne,Julie Fox,Tristan J Barber,Amanda Clarke,Sara Paparini,
INTRODUCTION The equity-focused ILANA study evaluated feasibility, acceptability, appropriateness of delivering on-label two-monthly cabotegravir and rilpivirine (CAB+RPV) injections for HIV-1 therapy in clinics and community settings. METHODS The study, which mandated inclusive recruitment, was conducted May-December 2022 at six UK sites. Injections were delivered in clinic (months 1-6), and in clinic
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Public Health Benefits of Applying Evidence-Based Best Practices in Managing Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-25 Andre C Kalil, Aastha Chandak, Luke S P Moore, Neera Ahuja, Martin Kolditz, Roman Casciano, Ananth Kadambi, Mohsen Yaghoubi, Sotirios Tsiodras, Jakob J Malin, Essy Mozaffari, Michele Bartoletti
Background As COVID-19-related mortality remains a concern, optimal management of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 continues to evolve. We developed a population model based on real-world evidence to quantify the clinical impact of increased utilization of remdesivir, the effectiveness of which has been well established in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods The PINC AI healthcare database
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Remdesivir for Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: Evidence of Effectiveness from Cohort Studies in the Omicron Era Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-24 Daniel R Kuritzkes
Remdesivir is the only antiviral approved for treatment of persons hospitalized for COVID-19. This supplement presents new information from real-world cohort studies reporting reduced mortality in at-risk populations and reductions in re-admission for COVID-19 in the Omicron era.
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Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Against Illness and Asymptomatic Infection in 2022–2023: A Prospective Cohort Study Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-23 Elizabeth B White, Lauren Grant, Josephine Mak, Lauren Olsho, Laura J Edwards, Allison Naleway, Jefferey L Burgess, Katherine D Ellingson, Harmony Tyner, Manjusha Gaglani, Karen Lutrick, Alberto Caban-Martinez, Gabriella Newes-Adeyi, Jazmin Duque, Sarang K Yoon, Andrew L Phillips, Mark Thompson, Amadea Britton, Brendan Flannery, Ashley Fowlkes
Background Previous estimates of vaccine effectiveness (VE) against asymptomatic influenza virus infection based on seroconversion have varied widely and may be biased. We estimated 2022–2023 influenza VE against illness and asymptomatic infection in a prospective cohort. Methods In the HEROES-RECOVER cohort, adults at increased occupational risk of influenza exposure across 7 US sites provided weekly
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Comparative safety of different antibiotic regimens for the treatment of outpatient community-acquired pneumonia among otherwise healthy adults Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-23 Anne M Butler, Katelin B Nickel, Margaret A Olsen, John M Sahrmann, Ryan Colvin, Elizabeth Neuner, Caroline A O’Neil, Victoria J Fraser, Michael J Durkin
Background Evidence is limited about the comparative safety of antibiotic regimens for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We compared the risk of adverse drug events (ADEs) associated with antibiotic regimens for CAP treatment among otherwise healthy, non-elderly adults. Methods We conducted an active comparator new-user cohort study (2007-2019) of commercially-insured adults 18–64 years
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Epidemiological and clinical features of a large blastomycosis outbreak at a paper mill in Michigan. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-18 Ian Hennessee,Sara Palmer,Rebecca Reik,Arianna Miles-Jay,Muhammad Yasir Nawaz,Heather M Blankenship,Rebecca Kramer,Adam Hughes,Michael Snyder,Robert L Yin,Anastasia P Litvintseva,Lindsay A Parnell,Lalitha Gade,Tom Chiller,Marie A de Perio,Mary Grace Stobierski,Jevon McFadden,Mitsuru Toda,
BACKGROUND Blastomycosis is an environmentally acquired fungal infection that can result in severe pulmonary illness and high hospitalization rates. In 2023, a blastomycosis outbreak was detected among workers at a paper mill in Delta County, Michigan. METHODS We included patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of blastomycosis who had spent ≥40 hours in Delta County since September 1, 2022
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Management of vulnerable patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with remdesivir: a retrospective comparative effectiveness study of mortality in US hospitals Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 Essy Mozaffari, Aastha Chandak, Mark Berry, Paul E Sax, Paul Loubet, Yohei Doi, Alpesh N Amin, Neera Ahuja, Veronika Müller, Roman Casciano, Martin Kolditz
Background COVID-19 remains a major public health concern, with continued resurgences of cases and substantial risk of mortality for hospitalized patients. Remdesivir has become standard-of-care for hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Given the continued evolution of the disease, clinical management relies on evidence from the current endemic period. Methods Using the PINC AI Healthcare database, effectiveness
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Propensity score methods for confounding control in observational studies of therapeutics for COVID-19 infection Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-16 Kathleen E Hurwitz, Nuvan Rathnayaka, Kayla Hendrickson, M Alan Brookhart
Summary The authors provide a brief overview of different propensity score methods that can be used in observational research studies that lack randomization. Under specific assumptions, these methods result in unbiased estimates of causal effects, but the different ways propensity score are used may require different assumptions and result in estimated treatment effects that can have meaningfully
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Executive Summary: State-of-the-Art Review: Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: Patients, Principles, and Prospects. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-15 Minh-Vu H Nguyen,Michelle K Haas,Shannon H Kasperbauer,Vinicius Calado Nogueira de Moura,Jared J Eddy,John D Mitchell,Reeti Khare,David E Griffith,Edward D Chan,Charles L Daley
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Tropical Excursion With Ensuing Mental Ulceration. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-15 Dennis Shoemaker,Robert Hamilton-Seth,Julia D Hankins,Kimberly R Schoofs
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Rash-ional Evaluation of a Returning Traveler With Fever. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-15 Jenny Wei,Rachel Martin-Blais
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Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Adults and Children With Medically Attended Acute Respiratory Illness Over Three Seasons. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-15 Katherine M Begley,Aleda M Leis,Joshua G Petrie,Rachel Truscon,Emileigh Johnson,Lois E Lamerato,Melissa Wei,Arnold S Monto,Emily T Martin
BACKGROUND Data on the true prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among medically attended acute respiratory illnesses (MAARI) has been limited by the lack of regular clinical testing of mild to moderate illnesses. Here we present a prospective evaluation of the epidemiology of RSV-associated MAARI across age groups and multimorbidity status over 3 seasons, which is informative in light of
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Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists Promote Weight Loss Among People With HIV. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-15 Quynh Nguyen,Darcy Wooten,Daniel Lee,Manuel Moreno,Katherine Promer,Amutha Rajagopal,Matthew Tan,Michael Tang,Kye Duren,Jeffrey Yin,Lucas Hill
BACKGROUND Weight gain and associated metabolic complications are increasingly prevalent among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH). Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are incretin-based therapies for diabetes and weight management that have been shown to result in substantial weight loss; however, studies of their effects in PWH are limited. METHODS A retrospective single-center
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Re: Association of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia With Long-term Mortality in a Randomized Trial of Preemptive Therapy and Antiviral Prophylaxis for Prevention of CMV Disease in High-Risk Donor Seropositive, Recipient Seronegative Liver Transplant Recipients. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-15 Tom A Yates,Neil Halliday
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Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: Patients, Principles, and Prospects Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-15 Minh-Vu H Nguyen, Michelle K Haas, Shannon H Kasperbauer, Vinicius Calado Nogueira de Moura, Jared J Eddy, John D Mitchell, Reeti Khare, David E Griffith, Edward D Chan, Charles L Daley
Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing in incidence globally and challenging to manage. The 2020 multisociety treatment guideline and the 2022 consensus recommendations provide comprehensive evidence-based guides to manage pulmonary diseases caused by the most common NTM. However, with >190 different NTM species that may require different multidrug regimens for treatment
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Remdesivir-associated survival outcomes among immunocompromised patients hospitalized for COVID-19: real-world evidence from the Omicron dominant era Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-15 Essy Mozaffari, Aastha Chandak, Robert L Gottlieb, Chidinma Chima-Melton, Mark Berry, Alpesh N Amin, Paul E Sax, Andre C Kalil
Background Patients with immunocompromising conditions are at an increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalizations and mortality. Randomized clinical trials provide limited enrollment, if any, to inform outcomes of such patients treated with remdesivir. Methods Using the US PINC AI Healthcare Database, we identified adult patients with immunocompromising conditions, hospitalized
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Remdesivir Effectiveness in Reducing the Risk of 30-day Readmission in Vulnerable Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Retrospective US Cohort Study Using Propensity Scores Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-15 Essy Mozaffari, Aastha Chandak, Robert L Gottlieb, Andre C Kalil, Heng Jiang, Thomas Oppelt, Mark Berry, Chidinma Chima-Melton, Alpesh N Amin
Background Reducing hospital readmission offer potential benefits for patients, providers, payers, and policymakers to improve quality of healthcare, reduce cost, and improve patient experience. We investigated effectiveness of remdesivir in reducing 30-day COVID-19-related readmission during the Omicron era, including older adults and those with underlying immunocompromising conditions. Methods This
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Linezolid Pharmacokinetic-Anemia Modeling in Children with Rifampicin-Resistant Tuberculosis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-14 Jordan T Brooks, Belén P Solans, Agathe Béranger, H Simon Schaaf, Louvina van der Laan, Sangeeta Sharma, Jennifer Furin, Heather R Draper, Anneke C Hesseling, Anthony J Garcia-Prats, Radojka M Savic
Background Linezolid, an important component of rifampicin- and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (RR/MDR-TB) treatment, is associated with treatment-limiting toxicities, including anemia. Patient-level and linezolid pharmacokinetic risk factors for anemia have not been well described in children treated for RR/MDR-TB. Methods We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of linezolid and longitudinal hemoglobin
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Effects of respiratory isolation for tuberculosis to reduce community-based transmission: a systematic review Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-14 Ruvandhi R Nathavitharana, Abarna Pearl, Amanda Biewer, Laura Young, Leonard Mukasa, Naveed Delrooz, Advaith Subramanian, Sarah Miller, Sundari Mase, Sonal S Munsiff, Edward Nardell
Background Respiratory isolation of people with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), including after treatment initiation, is used to prevent community-based transmission; yet guidelines on duration are limited and implementation is heterogeneous. This systematic review synthesized evidence on respiratory isolation for TB to inform National TB Coalition of America guidelines. Methods After searching six databases
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The heterogeneous syndrome of non-infectious causes of persistent fever in neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancy: another opportunity for stewardship? Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-14 Abdullah Tarik Aslan, Murat Akova, Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
Although occult fungal, viral and multidrug-resistant bacterial infections can cause persistent fever in neutropenic patients with hematologic cancer, a variety of non-infectious entities should be considered in case-by-case basis in the context of negative diagnostic workup for infection.
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Primary Care Guidance for Providers of Care for Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: 2024 Update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-11 Michael Horberg, Melanie Thompson, Allison Agwu, Jonathan Colasanti, Marwan Haddad, Mamta Jain, Grace McComsey, Asa Radix, Natella Rakhmanina, William R Short, Tulika Singh, Hansel Tookes
Advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have made it possible for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to live a lifespan approaching that of people without HIV, without progressing to AIDS or transmitting HIV to sexual partners or infants. There is, therefore, increasing emphasis on maintaining health throughout the lifespan. To receive optimal medical care and achieve desired outcomes
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Correction to: Prosthetic Joint Infections due to Candida Species: A Multicenter International Study. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-10
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Cycles of susceptibility: Immunity debt explains altered infectious disease dynamics post -pandemic Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-09 Alasdair PS Munro, Thomas House
The concept of immunity debt is a phenomenon resulting from the suppression of endemic pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic due to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). The reduced circulation of various pathogens during the pandemic, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), altered typical infectious disease dynamics by reducing levels of population immunity usually acquired through exposure
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Implications of Undiagnosed Subclinical Cryptococcal Meningitis in Clinically Asymptomatic Low-Titer Cryptococcal Antigenemia Among PLWH: More Questions to Answer. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-08 Samadhi Patamatamkul
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Toxoplasma qPCR kinetics to guide pre-emptive treatment of toxoplasmosis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-08 Robina Aerts, Alienor Xhaard, Christine Robin, Andreas H Groll, Catherine Cordonnier, Katrien Lagrou, Stéphane Bretagne
Background Recent ECIL-guidelines recommend a quantitative PCR (qPCR) guided pre-emptive treatment approach to toxoplasmosis in seropositive recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). While qPCR might serve as a sensitive tool for early Toxoplasma detection, its role in treatment follow-up remains unknown. Methods We analyzed the qPCR kinetics of allo-HCT recipients experiencing
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Risk of tuberculosis after achieving HIV virological suppression on antiretroviral therapy: a Danish nationwide prospective cohort study Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-08 Amrit Kaur Virdee, Fredrikke Christie Knudtzen, Josep M Llibre, Lars Haukali Omland, Niels Obel, Nina Breinholt Stærke, Johanna Åhsberg, Iben Ørsted, Gitte Kronborg, Rajesh Mohey, Maria del Pilar Fernandez Montejo, Isik Somuncu Johansen, Raquel Martin-Iguacel
Background In countries with low tuberculosis (TB) burden, the risk of TB in people with HIV (PWH) once HIV virological suppression is achieved is not fully understood. Methods In a nationwide cohort, we included all adult PWH from the Danish HIV Cohort initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) (1995-2017) without prior TB disease. We used Kaplan-Meier estimation and Poisson regression to calculate TB
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Superiority trials in invasive aspergillosis: a harsh reality check with the IA-DUET (HOVON502) trial Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-08 Hanne Lamberink, Sammy Huygens, Robina Aerts, Katrien Lagrou, Elena van Leeuwen-Segarceanu, Tom Lodewyck, Laurens Nieuwenhuizen, Maarten F Corsten, Ine Moors, Sophie Servais, Julien De Greef, Maya Hites, Astrid Demandt, Alexander Schauwvlieghe, Johan Maertens, Bart Rijnders
The IA-DUET study aimed to compare azole-echinocandin combination with azole monotherapy for invasive aspergillosis. Recruitment was hindered by patient ineligibility, competing studies, and guidelines favoring combination therapy when azole resistance was unknown. The low IA-attributable mortality suggests future trials may benefit from cluster randomization or composite endpoints to enhance efficiency
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Mpox in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Predictors of Diagnosis, Outcomes, and Vaccine Effectiveness in a Multisite Cohort Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-08 Michalina Montaño, Adrienne E Shapiro, Bridget M Whitney, Laura Bamford, Greer Burkholder, Edward R Cachay, Katerina A Christopoulos, Heidi M Crane, Joseph A C Delaney, Joseph J Eron, Rob J Fredericksen, Peter W Hunt, Jeffrey M Jacobson, Jeanne C Keruly, H Nina Kim, Kenneth H Mayer, Richard D Moore, Sonia Napravnik, April Pettit, Michael S Saag, George A Yendewa, Mari M Kitahata, Rachel A Bender Ignacio
Introduction Since its global reemergence in 2022, monkeypox (mpox) has demonstrated increased incidence and severity among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV [PWH]). Predictors of mpox diagnosis, vaccination, and outcomes among PWH are limited. Methods We included PWH with primary care visits after 1 January 2022 at 9 US sites participating in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated
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Comparison of At-Home Versus In-Clinic Receipt of Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-08 Stephanie E Kirk, Christina Young, Hayley Berry, Rochelle Hanson, Angela Moreland, Virginia Fonner, Mulugeta Gebregziabher, Jamila Williams, Eric G Meissner
Background The need for frequent travel to a clinic could impair access to injectable antiretroviral therapy for persons living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We hypothesized that allowing persons receiving treatment with long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (LA CAB/RPV) to receive and store the medication in their own refrigerator prior to in-home administration
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Correspondence to Otogenic Meningitis Surgery Outcome Study. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-07 Yin-Chung Yang,Brian Shiian Chen,Chen Dong,James Cheng-Chung Wei
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Antimicrobial Shortages: A Global Issue Impacting Infectious Diseases Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Anna S Bartoo, Mary A Gilmer, Eric M Tichy
Shortages of antimicrobial agents rank second among all pharmaceutical classes and are persistent and increasing. Underlying reasons for shortages include manufacturing and quality issues, market economics, and changes in demand. Antimicrobial shortages result in compromised outcomes, higher treatment costs, contribute to antibiotic resistance, and may lead to increased adverse effects.
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Investigating determinants of pathogenicity of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-04 Elizabeth Temkin,Yehuda Carmeli
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Progression from Carriage of Carbapenemase - Producing Enterobacterales to Bloodstream Infection Should Be Explored through Assessment of the Antibiotic Selective Pressure and Whole Genome Sequencing. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-04 Paul-Louis Woerther,Hervé Jacquier,Vincent Fihman,Jean-Winoc Decousser
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48-week viral suppression rates in people with HIV starting long-acting CAB/RPV with initial viremia Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-03 Matthew D Hickey, Nathanael Gistand, Janet Grochowski, Francis Mayorga-Munoz, Elizabeth Imbert, John D Szumowski, Jon Oskarsson, Mary Shiels, Samantha Dilworth, Ayesha Appa, Diane V Havlir, Monica Gandhi, Katerina Christopoulos
Background We previously demonstrated at the Ward 86 HIV clinic in San Francisco that long-acting cabotegravir/rilpivirine (LA-CAB/RPV) can rapidly lead to viral suppression (VS) in people with HIV (PWH) with viremia due to adherence challenges. We now evaluate VS durability in this population. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of PWH who started LA-CAB/RPV with viremia (HIV RNA viral
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Development of an Electronic Clinical Surveillance Measure for Unnecessary Rapid Antibiotic Administration in Suspected Sepsis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-03 Stephanie Parks Taylor, Jessica A Palakshappa, Shih-Hsiung Chou, Kevin Gibbs, Jessie King, Nikhil Patel, Marc Kowalkowski
Background Substantial efforts focus on monitoring and reducing delays in antibiotic treatment for sepsis, but little has been done to characterize the balancing measure of sepsis overtreatment. We aimed to establish preliminary validity and usefulness of electronic health record (EHR) data–derived criteria for sepsis overtreatment surveillance (SEP-OS). Methods We evaluated adults with potential sepsis
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Hepatitis C Care in Reproductive-Aged Women With Opioid Use Disorder Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-02 Breanne E Biondi, Sarah Munroe, Claudine Lavarin, Megan R Curtis, Benjamin Buzzee, Sara Lodi, Rachel L Epstein
Background In the United States, hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnoses among reproductive-aged women are increasing amidst the ongoing opioid and drug overdose epidemic. While previous studies document racial and ethnic disparities in HCV testing and treatment in largely male populations, to our knowledge no national studies analyze these outcomes in reproductive-aged women with opioid use disorder (OUD)
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Unraveling Sepsis Epidemiology in a Low- and Middle-Income Intensive Care Setting Reveals the Alarming Burden of Tropical Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Prospective Observational Study (MARS-India) Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Harjeet S Virk, Jason J Biemond, Venkat A Earny, Soumi Chowdhury, Roos I Frölke, Saachi Khanna, Vishal Shanbhag, Shwethapriya Rao, R V Acharya, Jayaraj M Balakrishnan, Vandana K Eshwara, Muralidhar Varma, Tom van der Poll, Willem J Wiersinga, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
Background Our study addresses the sepsis research gap in lower middle-income countries, notably India. Here, we investigate community-acquired sepsis comprehensively and explore the impact of tropical microbiology on aetiology and outcomes. Methods MARS-India was a prospective observational study from Dec-2018 to Sep-2022 in a tertiary-care hospital in South India. Adult patients within 24hrs of ICU
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Prevalence of Drug Resistance Associated Substitutions in Persons With Chronic Hepatitis C Infection and Virological Failure Following Initial or Re-treatment With Pan-genotypic Direct-Acting Antivirals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-30 Seth Inzaule, Philippa Easterbrook, Ashley Latona, Nathan P Ford, William Irving, Philippa C Matthews, Marco Vitoria, Chris Duncombe, Amalia Giron, Suzanne McCluskey, Olufunmilayo Lesi, Serge Tchamgoue, Rachel Halford, Danjuma Adda, Emma Thomson, Geoff Dusheiko, Michael R Jordan
Background The advent of short-course, curative treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) has given promise for the global elimination of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections by 2030. Virological failure occurs in 2%–12% of persons receiving curative DAA treatment and may be presaged by pre-existing polymorphisms or result from selection of drug resistant variants during therapy. Methods We conducted
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Results from systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of two-drug versus three-drug ( Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir; TLD) regimens for HIV treatment. Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-30 Cassandra Fairhead,Jacob Levi,Nydile Ramesh,Andrew Hill
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Why TLD if we might use DTG/3TC? Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-09-30 Luis Buzón-Martín,Jesús Troya