Orthoebolavirus is a genus of hazardous pathogens that has caused over 30 outbreaks. However, currently approved therapies are limited in scope, as they are only effective against the Ebola virus and lack cross-protection against other orthoebolaviruses. Here, we demonstrate that a previously isolated human-derived antibody, 2G1, can recognize the glycoprotein (GP) of every orthoebolavirus species

rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP and Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo are WHO-prequalified vaccination regimens against Ebola virus disease (EVD). Challenges associated with measuring long-term clinical protection warrant the evaluation of immune response kinetics after vaccination.Data from a large phase 2 randomized double-blind clinical trial (PREVAC) were used to evaluate waning of anti-Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP1

A significant outbreak of quartan malaria caused by Plasmodium malariae has occurred in Khanh Vinh District, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam in 2023 and the outbreak persists. In this report, we present the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of this extensive outbreak of quartan malaria in Vietnam.

Identifying the prevalence and risk factors of secondary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission from people living with HIV (PLWH) to other people is crucial for ending the HIV epidemic. However, the data among antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients is limited. This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of secondary HIV transmission among PLWH receiving ART by longitudinal molecular

Clostridioides difficile is a One Health pathogen found in humans, animals, and environment, with food representing a potential transmission route. One Health studies are often limited to single country or selected reservoirs and ribotypes. This study provides a varied and accessible collection of C. difficile isolates and sequencing data derived from human, animal, and food sources across thirteen

Although an increased effectiveness has been suggested when phages and antibiotics are combined, this approach has not been tested against a mature biofilm on an endotracheal tube (ETT) surface. This study evaluated the effect of short- and long-term combined phage-antibiotic therapy in a control of a mature biofilm on an ETT surface. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, including susceptible and resistant

The mosquito-borne alphavirus o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) has proven its potential to cause major human outbreaks. On the African continent, ONNV causes unspecific febrile illness and co-circulates with the close relative chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The true scale of ONNV burden is poorly understood in Africa, because of the scarce availability of molecular in-house and commercial assays, strong cross-reactivity

Mutations in influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) can lead to viral resistance to NA inhibitors (NAIs). To update global influenza NA mutations and resistance to NAIs, we investigated epidemic information from global regions for NAIs-resistant influenza strains and analyzed their NA mutations. Drug-resistant mutations in NA, especially new mutations occurred in 2016-2024, were updated. The H274Y mutation

AbstractMalaria is among the deadliest infectious diseases. Over 200 million annual clinical malaria cases are reported and more than half a million people, mostly children, die every year. The most advanced RTS,S/AS01 vaccine based on the P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP), targets sporozoite liver infection but achieved modest efficacy. To reduce malaria death, novel malaria vaccine development

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) causes human disease ranging from subclinical to a fatal haemorrhagic syndrome. Determinants of CCHF pathogenesis are largely unknown and animal models that recapitulate human disease are limited. A recently described mouse model uses a monoclonal antibody (mAb 5A3) targeting the interferon (IFN) alpha/beta receptor to suppress type I IFN responses, making

The nucleoprotein (NP) of type A influenza virus (IAV) is highly conserved across all virus strains, making it an attractive candidate antigen for universal vaccines. While various studies have explored NP-induced mucosal immunity, here we interrogated the mechanistic differences between intramuscular (IM) and intranasal (IN) delivery of a recombinant adenovirus carrying NP fused with a bifunctional

Influenza virus is typically associated with respiratory infections, but H5N1 in US dairy cows raises public health concerns about milk by-products. We show that simple home recipes can inactivate ...

Dengue virus (DENV) has been expanding its range to temperate areas that are not usually affected, where the spread of vectors has been facilitated by global trade and climate change. In Europe, th...

While previous research examined coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) antiviral-vaccine interactions through exploratory subgroup analysis, none specifically designed for examining this interaction ...

We identified a novel ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) resistance mechanism in endemic sequence type 11 hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a patient who had n...

The continual emergence of highly pathogenic novel coronaviruses and their variants has underscored the importance of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as a pivotal therapeutic approach. In...

It is well established that humoral immunity targeting hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) plays a critical role in viral clearance and clinical cure. However, the functional changes in HBsAg...

During the active surveillance, we isolated nine H4N6 subtype influenza A viruses from wild birds in China. To reveal the epidemiology and biology characteristics of H4 subtype influenza A virus fr...

The complement system is a vital anti-microbial defence mechanism against circulating pathogens. Excessive complement activation can have deleterious outcomes for the host and is consequently tight...

Bacterial infections, particularly Salmonella, pose a significant health risk to neonates due to their underdeveloped immune systems. Understanding the immune responses in the neonatal intestine du...

A multitude of functional mutations continue to emerge on the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. Understanding the immunogenicity of Omicron NTD and the...

It is believed that DNA double-strand breaks induced by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women is a main reason of brain damage (e.g. microcephaly, severe brain malformation, and neuropathy)...

Brucellosis, caused by several species of Brucella, continues to be a significant illness that poses a global threat to public health. China remains a persistent hotspot for brucellosis, despite th...

Published in Emerging Microbes & Infections (Just accepted, 2024)

Isoniazid is an early bactericidal anti-tuberculosis (TB) agent and isoniazid mono-resistance TB is the most prevalent drug-resistant TB worldwide. Concerns exist regarding whether resistance to is...

Published in Emerging Microbes & Infections (Vol. 13, No. 1, 2024)

Published in Emerging Microbes & Infections (Just accepted, 2024)

The extensive use of β-lactam antibiotics has led to significant resistance, primarily due to hydrolysis by β-lactamases. OXA class D β-lactamases can hydrolyze a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics...

SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain-induced immune imprinting poses great challenges to updating vaccines for new variants. Studies showed that repeated Omicron exposures could override immune imprinting i...

The rising prevalence of Lyme disease (LD) in North America and Europe has emerged as a pressing public health concern. Despite the availability of veterinary LD vaccines, no vaccine is currently a...

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has been related to multiple epithelial cancers and lymphomas. Current efforts in developing a prophylactic EBV vaccine have focused on inducing neutralizing anti...

PCR-based diagnostics has revealed the previously largely unknown Cryptosporidium transmission and infections in high-income countries. This study aimed to determine domestic and imported subtypes ...

The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has led to the emergence of numerous variants of concern (VOCs), marked by changes in the viral spike glycoprotein, the primary target for neutralising antibody (nAb) re...

In 2023, a second wave of the global mpox epidemic, which is mainly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM), was observed in some countries. Herein, we benefited from a large viral sequence sampl...

Here, we regularly followed SARS-CoV-2 infected cohorts to investigate the combined effects of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and B and T cell profiles during the convalescent period. Ten participa...

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is essential for Gram-negative bacteria to antagonize a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic competitors and thus gain survival advantages. Two sets of T6S...

Several studies have investigated the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, focusing particularly on the systemic humoral immune response and the production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. IgA ant...

Rabies, caused by the Rabies virus (RABV), is a highly fatal zoonotic disease. Existing rabies vaccines have demonstrated good immune efficacy, but the complexity of immunization procedures and hig...

Clostridioides difficile sequence type (ST) 35 has been found in humans and animals worldwide. However, its genomic epidemiology and clonal transmission have not been explored in detail. In this st...

Cluster analysis of HIV sequence can provide insights into viral transmission patterns in border regions. This study aims to illuminate the HIV-1 subtype distribution and transmission dynamics amon...

Multiple genetic variants of H1 and H3 influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate concurrently in US swine farms. Understanding the spatial transmission patterns of IAVs among these farms is crucial for ...

The incidence of diphtheria has been rising over the past decade, particularly in its cutaneous form. A clinical review of the case series was therefore required. We reviewed the epidemiological, c...

The ongoing panzootic of highly pathogenic H5 clade 2.3.4.4b avian influenza (HPAI) spread to North America in late 2021, with detections of HPAI viruses in Alaska beginning in April 2022. HPAI vir...

Single B cells-based antibody platforms offer an effective approach for the discovery of useful antibodies for therapeutic or research purposes. Here we present a method for screening equine immuno...

African swine fever (ASF), caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a devastating infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boar, which threatens the global pig industry. Endoplasmic retic...

Although brought to the forefront in the 1980s with the AIDS pandemic, microsporidia infecting humans are still little known. Enterocytozoon bieneusi, by far the most frequent microsporidia species...

Increased CD4+GNLY+ T cells have been confirmed to be inversely associated with CD4+ T cell count in immunological non-responders (INRs), however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study ...

The 2017/18 influenza season was characterized by unusual high numbers of severe infections and hospitalizations. Instead of influenza A viruses, this season was dominated by infections with influe...

The severity of the dengue epidemic is on the rise, with its geographic range had expanded to southern Europe by 2024. In this August, the WHO updated the pathogens that could spark the next pandem...

Human coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have recurrently emerged as significant pathogens, causing severe respiratory illnesses and presenting challenges to monoclonal antibo...

The emergence and spread of novel viral pathogens is a major threat to human health, particularly in the context of climate and human-induced change in land use. Alongshan virus (ALSV) is a tick-bo...

West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in the Netherlands in 2020, with circulation observed in birds, mosquitoes, and humans in two geographical areas. Usutu virus (USUV) has been circulating in...

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex is a significant global healthcare threat, particularly carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter hormaechei (CPEH). From January 2017 to January 2021, ...

Brucellosis, caused by the intracellular pathogen Brucella, is a major zoonotic infection that promotes reproductive disease in domestic animals and chronic debilitating conditions in humans. The A...

African swine fever virus (ASFV) recombinant strains pose new challenges for diagnosis and control. This study characterizes genotype I and II recombinant ASFV strains identified in northern Vietna...

Surveillance data from wildlife and poultry was used to describe the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in British Columbia (B.C.) and the Yukon, Canada from Sep...

In 2022, the monkeypox virus (mpox virus, MPXV) exhibited global dissemination across six continents, representing a notable challenge owing to the scarcity of targeted antiviral interventions. Pas...

The recently dominant SARS-CoV-2 Omicron JN.1 has evolved into multiple sublineages, with recurrent spike mutations R346T, F456L, and T572I, some of which exhibit growth advantages, such as KP.2 an...

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging pathogen that can cause severe diarrhoea and high mortality in suckling piglets. Moreover, evidence of PDCoV infection in humans has raised concerns ...

The vast majority of data obtained from sequence analysis of influenza A viruses (IAVs) have revealed that nonstructural 1 (NS1) proteins from H1N1 swine, H3N8 equine, H3N2 avian and the correspond...