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Covid-19 infection and vaccination during first trimester and risk of congenital anomalies: Nordic registry based study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Maria C Magnus, Jonas Söderling, Anne K Örtqvist, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen, Olof Stephansson, Siri E Håberg, Stine Kjaer Urhoj
Objectives To evaluate the risk of major congenital anomalies according to infection with or vaccination against covid-19 during the first trimester of pregnancy. Design Prospective Nordic registry based study. Setting Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Participants 343 066 liveborn singleton infants in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, with an estimated start of pregnancy between 1 March 2020 and 14 February
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Trends in long term vaping among adults in England, 2013-23: population based study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Sarah E Jackson, Harry Tattan-Birch, Lion Shahab, Jamie Brown
Objective To examine trends in long term (>6 months) vaping among adults in England. Design Population based study. Setting England. Participants 179 725 adults (≥18 years) surveyed between October 2013 and October 2023. Main outcome measures Time trends in prevalence of long term vaping using logistic regression, overall and by vaping frequency (daily or non-daily), and main type of device used (disposable
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Lee Silverman voice treatment versus NHS speech and language therapy versus control for dysarthria in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD COMM): pragmatic, UK based, multicentre, three arm, parallel group, unblinded, randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Catherine M Sackley, Caroline Rick, Marian C Brady, Rebecca Woolley, Christopher Burton, Smitaa Patel, Patricia Masterson-Algar, Avril Nicoll, Christina H Smith, Sue Jowett, Natalie Ives, Gillian Beaton, Sylvia Dickson, Ryan Ottridge, Leslie Sharp, Helen Nankervis, Carl E Clarke
Objectives To assess the clinical effectiveness of two speech and language therapy approaches versus no speech and language therapy for dysarthria in people with Parkinson’s disease. Design Pragmatic, UK based, multicentre, three arm, parallel group, unblinded, randomised controlled trial. Setting The speech and language therapy interventions were delivered in outpatient or home settings between 26
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Effectiveness of behavioural interventions with motivational interviewing on physical activity outcomes in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 SuFen Zhu, Deepra Sinha, Megan Kirk, Moscho Michalopoulou, Anisa Hajizadeh, Gina Wren, Paul Doody, Lucy Mackillop, Ralph Smith, Susan A Jebb, Nerys M Astbury
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of behavioural interventions that include motivational interviewing on physical activity outcomes in adults. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Study selection A search of seven databases for randomised controlled trials published from inception to 1 March 2023 comparing a behavioural intervention including motivational interviewing with a comparator
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Trends in cardiovascular disease incidence among 22 million people in the UK over 20 years: population based study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Nathalie Conrad, Geert Molenberghs, Geert Verbeke, Francesco Zaccardi, Claire Lawson, Jocelyn M Friday, Huimin Su, Pardeep S Jhund, Naveed Sattar, Kazem Rahimi, John G Cleland, Kamlesh Khunti, Werner Budts, John J V McMurray
Objective To investigate the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) overall and by age, sex, and socioeconomic status, and its variation over time, in the UK during 2000-19. Design Population based study. Setting UK. Participants 1 650 052 individuals registered with a general practice contributing to Clinical Practice Research Datalink and newly diagnosed with at least one CVD from 1 January 2000
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SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and DPP-4 inhibitors and risk of hyperkalemia among people with type 2 diabetes in clinical practice: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Edouard L Fu, Deborah J Wexler, Sara J Cromer, Katsiaryna Bykov, Julie M Paik, Elisabetta Patorno
Objectives To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in preventing hyperkalemia in people with type 2 diabetes in routine clinical practice. Design Population based cohort study with active-comparator, new user design. Setting Claims data from Medicare
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Colchicine in patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (CHANCE-3): multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-06-26 Jiejie Li, Xia Meng, Fu-Dong Shi, Jing Jing, Hong-Qiu Gu, Aoming Jin, Yong Jiang, Hao Li, S Claiborne Johnston, Graeme J Hankey, J Donald Easton, Liguo Chang, Penglai Shi, Lihua Wang, Xianbo Zhuang, Haitao Li, Yingzhuo Zang, Jianling Zhang, Zengqiang Sun, Dongqi Liu, Ying Li, Hongqin Yang, Jinguo Zhao, Weiran Yu, Anxin Wang, Yuesong Pan, Jinxi Lin, Xuewei Xie, Wei-Na Jin, Shuya Li, Siying Niu, Yilong
Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of colchicine versus placebo on reducing the risk of subsequent stroke after high risk non-cardioembolic ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack within the first three months of symptom onset (CHANCE-3). Design Multicentre, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. Setting 244 hospitals in China between 11 August 2022 and 13 April 2023.
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Nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine versus cisplatin and gemcitabine as first line chemotherapy in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: randomised phase 3 clinical trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 Guo-Ying Liu, Yan-Fang Ye, Yao-Fei Jiang, Gina Jinna Chen, Wei-Xiong Xia, Yi-Sheng Huang, Tian-Sheng Gao, Yi-Min Liu, Ya-Ting Hou, Jian-Fei Li, Jia-Hao Liu, Nian Lu, Chang-Long Chen, Liang-Ru Ke, Hu Liang, Wei-Xin Bei, Wang-Zhong Li, Shu-Hui Dong, Qin Liu, Changqing Xie, He-Rui Yao, Yan-Qun Xiang
Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of nab-paclitaxel, cisplatin, and capecitabine (nab-TPC) with gemcitabine and cisplatin as an alternative first line treatment option for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Design Phase 3, open label, multicentre, randomised trial. Setting Four hospitals located in China between September 2019 and August 2022. Participants Adults (≥18
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Lateral episiotomy or no episiotomy in vacuum assisted delivery in nulliparous women (EVA): multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-06-17 Sandra Bergendahl, Maria Jonsson, Susanne Hesselman, Victoria Ankarcrona, Åsa Leijonhufvud, Anna-Carin Wihlbäck, Tove Wallström, Emmie Rydström, Hanna Friberg, Helena Kopp Kallner, Sophia Brismar Wendel
Objective To assess the effect of lateral episiotomy, compared with no episiotomy, on obstetric anal sphincter injury in nulliparous women requiring vacuum extraction. Design A multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial. Setting Eight hospitals in Sweden, 2017-23. Participants 717 nulliparous women with a single live fetus of 34 gestational weeks or more, requiring vacuum extraction were
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Global burden of type 1 diabetes in adults aged 65 years and older, 1990-2019: population based study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-06-12 Kaijie Yang, Xue Yang, Chenye Jin, Shuangning Ding, Tingting Liu, Bing Ma, Hao Sun, Jing Zhang, Yongze Li
Objectives To estimate the burden, trends, and inequalities of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) among older adults at global, regional, and national level from 1990 to 2019. Design Population based study. Population Adults aged ≥65 years from 21 regions and 204 countries and territories (Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors Study 2019) from 1990 to 2019. Main outcome measures Primary outcomes were
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Antiplatelet therapy after coronary artery bypass surgery: five year follow-up of randomised DACAB trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-06-11 Yunpeng Zhu, Wei Zhang, Arnaldo Dimagli, Lin Han, Zhaoyun Cheng, Ju Mei, Xin Chen, Xiaowei Wang, Yanzai Zhou, Qing Xue, Junlong Hu, Min Tang, Rui Wang, Yuanyuan Song, Lei Kang, Bjorn Redfors, Mario Gaudino, Qiang Zhao
Objective To assess the effect of different antiplatelet strategies on clinical outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting. Design Five year follow-up of randomised Different Antiplatelet Therapy Strategy After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (DACAB) trial. Setting Six tertiary hospitals in China; enrolment between July 2014 and November 2015; completion of five year follow-up from August 2019
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Mailed feedback to primary care physicians on antibiotic prescribing for patients aged 65 years and older: pragmatic, factorial randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-06-05 Kevin L Schwartz, Jennifer Shuldiner, Bradley J Langford, Kevin A Brown, Susan E Schultz, Valerie Leung, Nick Daneman, Mina Tadrous, Holly O Witteman, Gary Garber, Jeremy M Grimshaw, Jerome A Leis, Justin Presseau, Michael S Silverman, Monica Taljaard, Tara Gomes, Meagan Lacroix, Jamie Brehaut, Kednapa Thavorn, Sharon Gushue, Lindsay Friedman, Merrick Zwarenstein, Noah Ivers
Objectives To evaluate whether providing family physicians with feedback on their antibiotic prescribing compared with that of their peers reduces antibiotic prescriptions. To also identify effects on antibiotic prescribing from case-mix adjusted feedback reports and messages emphasising antibiotic associated harms. Design Pragmatic, factorial randomised controlled trial. Setting Primary care physicians
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Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy as first line treatment for advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: RATIONALE-305 randomised, double blind, phase 3 trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-28 Miao-Zhen Qiu, Do-Youn Oh, Ken Kato, Tobias Arkenau, Josep Tabernero, Marcia Cruz Correa, Anastasia V Zimina, Yuxian Bai, Jianhua Shi, Keun-Wook Lee, Jufeng Wang, Elena Poddubskaya, Hongming Pan, Sun Young Rha, Ruixing Zhang, Hidekazu Hirano, David Spigel, Kensei Yamaguchi, Yee Chao, Lucjan Wyrwicz, Umut Disel, Roberto Pazo Cid, Lorenzo Fornaro, Ludovic Evesque, Hongwei Wang, Yaling Xu, Jiang Li, Tao
Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab added to chemotherapy as first line (primary) treatment for advanced gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction adenocarcinoma compared with placebo plus chemotherapy. Design Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, phase 3 study. Setting 146 medical centres across Asia, Europe, and North America, between 13 December 2018 and 28 February
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Association between exposure to antibiotics during pregnancy or early infancy and risk of autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disorder, language disorder, and epilepsy in children: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-22 Ahhyung Choi, Hyesung Lee, Han Eol Jeong, Seo-Young Lee, Jun Soo Kwon, Jung Yeol Han, Young June Choe, Ju-Young Shin
Objective To evaluate the association between antibiotic use during pregnancy or early infancy and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Design Nationwide population based cohort study and sibling analysis. Setting Korea’s National Health Insurance Service mother-child linked database, 2008-21. Participants All children live born between 2009 and 2020, followed up until 2021 to compare
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Epidural analgesia during labour and severe maternal morbidity: population based study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-22 Rachel J Kearns, Aizhan Kyzayeva, Lucy O E Halliday, Deborah A Lawlor, Martin Shaw, Scott M Nelson
Objectives To determine the effect of labour epidural on severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and to explore whether this effect might be greater in women with a medical indication for epidural analgesia during labour, or with preterm labour. Design Population based study. Setting All NHS hospitals in Scotland. Participants 567 216 women in labour at 24+0 to 42+6 weeks’ gestation between 1 January 2007
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Effect of the HPV vaccination programme on incidence of cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by socioeconomic deprivation in England: population based observational study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-15 Milena Falcaro, Kate Soldan, Busani Ndlela, Peter Sasieni
Objectives To replicate previous analyses on the effectiveness of the English human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programme on incidence of cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) using 12 additional months of follow-up, and to investigate effectiveness across levels of socioeconomic deprivation. Design Observational study. Setting England, UK. Participants Women aged
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Clinical and healthcare use outcomes after cessation of long term opioid treatment due to prescriber workforce exit: quasi-experimental difference-in-differences study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-16 Adrienne H Sabety, Hannah T Neprash, Marema Gaye, Michael L Barnett
Objective To examine the association between prescriber workforce exit, long term opioid treatment discontinuation, and clinical outcomes. Design Quasi-experimental difference-in-differences study Setting 20% sample of US Medicare beneficiaries, 2011-18. Participants People receiving long term opioid treatment whose prescriber stopped providing office based patient care or exited the workforce, as
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Long acting progestogens versus combined oral contraceptive pill for preventing recurrence of endometriosis related pain: the PRE-EMPT pragmatic, parallel group, open label, randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-15 Kevin G Cooper, Siladitya Bhattacharya, Jane P Daniels, Andrew W Horne, T Justin Clark, Ertan Saridogan, Versha Cheed, Danielle Pirie, Melyda Melyda, Mark Monahan, Tracy E Roberts, Emma Cox, Clive Stubbs, Lee J Middleton
Objectives To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of long acting progestogens compared with the combined oral contraceptive pill in preventing recurrence of endometriosis related pain. Design The PRE-EMPT (preventing recurrence of endometriosis) pragmatic, parallel group, open label, randomised controlled trial. Setting 34 UK hospitals. Participants 405 women of reproductive age undergoing conservative
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Association of ultra-processed food consumption with all cause and cause specific mortality: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Zhe Fang, Sinara Laurini Rossato, Dong Hang, Neha Khandpur, Kai Wang, Chun-Han Lo, Walter C Willett, Edward L Giovannucci, Mingyang Song
Objective To examine the association of ultra-processed food consumption with all cause mortality and cause specific mortality. Design Population based cohort study. Setting Female registered nurses from 11 US states in the Nurses’ Health Study (1984-2018) and male health professionals from all 50 US states in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986-2018). Participants 74 563 women and 39 501
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Comparative effectiveness of second line oral antidiabetic treatments among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: emulation of a target trial using routinely collected health data BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Patrick Bidulka, David G Lugo-Palacios, Orlagh Carroll, Stephen O’Neill, Amanda I Adler, Anirban Basu, Richard J Silverwood, Jonathan W Bartlett, Dorothea Nitsch, Paul Charlton, Andrew H Briggs, Liam Smeeth, Ian J Douglas, Kamlesh Khunti, Richard Grieve
Objective To compare the effectiveness of three commonly prescribed oral antidiabetic drugs added to metformin for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus requiring second line treatment in routine clinical practice. Design Cohort study emulating a comparative effectiveness trial (target trial). Setting Linked primary care, hospital, and death data in England, 2015-21. Participants 75 739 adults with
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Efficacy of psilocybin for treating symptoms of depression: systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-05-01 Athina-Marina Metaxa, Mike Clarke
Objective To determine the efficacy of psilocybin as an antidepressant compared with placebo or non-psychoactive drugs. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Five electronic databases of published literature (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index and Conference Proceedings Citation Index, and PsycInfo) and four databases of unpublished
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Reverse total shoulder replacement versus anatomical total shoulder replacement for osteoarthritis: population based cohort study using data from the National Joint Registry and Hospital Episode Statistics for England BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-30 Epaminondas Markos Valsamis, Albert Prats-Uribe, Ian Koblbauer, Sophie Cole, Adrian Sayers, Michael R Whitehouse, Gillian Coward, Gary S Collins, Rafael Pinedo-Villanueva, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Jonathan L Rees
Objectives To answer a national research priority by comparing the risk-benefit and costs associated with reverse total shoulder replacement (RTSR) and anatomical total shoulder replacement (TSR) in patients having elective primary shoulder replacement for osteoarthritis. Design Population based cohort study using data from the National Joint Registry and Hospital Episode Statistics for England. Setting
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Prenatal opioid exposure and subsequent risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in children: nationwide birth cohort study in South Korea BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-24 Jiseung Kang, Hyeon Jin Kim, Tae Kim, Hyeri Lee, Minji Kim, Seung Won Lee, Min Seo Kim, Ai Koyanagi, Lee Smith, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Masoud Rahmati, Guillermo F López Sánchez, Elena Dragioti, Samuele Cortese, Jae Il Shin, Dong Keon Yon, Marco Solmi
Objective To investigate the potential association between prenatal opioid exposure and the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders in children. Design Nationwide birth cohort study. Setting From 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2020, birth cohort data of pregnant women in South Korea linked to their liveborn infants from the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea were collected. Participants All
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Effect of combination treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on incidence of cardiovascular and serious renal events: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-25 Nikita Simms-Williams, Nir Treves, Hui Yin, Sally Lu, Oriana Yu, Richeek Pradhan, Christel Renoux, Samy Suissa, Laurent Azoulay
Objective To determine whether the combined use of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors is associated with a decreased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and serious renal events compared with either drug class alone among patients with type 2 diabetes, and to assess the effect of the combination on the individual components
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Multiple adverse outcomes associated with antipsychotic use in people with dementia: population based matched cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-17 Pearl L H Mok, Matthew J Carr, Bruce Guthrie, Daniel R Morales, Aziz Sheikh, Rachel A Elliott, Elizabeth M Camacho, Tjeerd van Staa, Anthony J Avery, Darren M Ashcroft
Objective To investigate risks of multiple adverse outcomes associated with use of antipsychotics in people with dementia. Design Population based matched cohort study. Setting Linked primary care, hospital and mortality data from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), England. Population Adults (≥50 years) with a diagnosis of dementia between 1 January 1998 and 31 May 2018 (n=173 910, 63.0% women)
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Predicting the risks of kidney failure and death in adults with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Thomas Alexander Gerds, Pietro Ravani
The risk prediction model for kidney failure and death in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presented in the linked study is a super learner. A super learner is an algorithm that repeatedly splits the data into training and test sets and then chooses the best performing model from a list of candidate prediction models. This article describes why and how the super learner was implemented in the
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Predicting the risks of kidney failure and death in adults with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease: multinational, longitudinal, population based, cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Ping Liu, Simon Sawhney, Uffe Heide-Jørgensen, Robert Ross Quinn, Simon Kok Jensen, Andrew Mclean, Christian Fynbo Christiansen, Thomas Alexander Gerds, Pietro Ravani
Objective To train and test a super learner strategy for risk prediction of kidney failure and mortality in people with incident moderate to severe chronic kidney disease (stage G3b to G4). Design Multinational, longitudinal, population based, cohort study. Settings Linked population health data from Canada (training and temporal testing), and Denmark and Scotland (geographical testing). Participants
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Efficacy of a single low dose of esketamine after childbirth for mothers with symptoms of prenatal depression: randomised clinical trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Shuo Wang, Chun-Mei Deng, Yuan Zeng, Xin-Zhong Chen, Ai-Yuan Li, Shan-Wu Feng, Li-Li Xu, Liang Chen, Hong-Mei Yuan, Han Hu, Tian Yang, Tao Han, Hui-Ying Zhang, Ming Jiang, Xin-Yu Sun, Hui-Ning Guo, Daniel I Sessler, Dong-Xin Wang
Objective To determine whether a single low dose of esketamine administered after childbirth reduces postpartum depression in mothers with prenatal depression. Design Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with two parallel arms. Setting Five tertiary care hospitals in China, 19 June 2020 to 3 August 2022. Participants 364 mothers aged ≥18 years who had at least mild prenatal depression
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Impact of large scale, multicomponent intervention to reduce proton pump inhibitor overuse in integrated healthcare system: difference-in-difference study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-11 Jacob E Kurlander, Loren Laine, Hyungjin Myra Kim, Christopher B Roberts, Darcy Saffar, Aimee Myers, Robert Holleman, Yuqing Gao, Michelle Shank, Richard Nelson, Jane Forman, Christian D Helfrich, Sarah L Krein, Sameer D Saini, Yu-Xiao Yang
Objective To determine how a large scale, multicomponent, pharmacy based intervention to reduce proton pump inhibitor (PPI) overuse affected prescribing patterns, healthcare utilization, and clinical outcomes. Design Difference-in-difference study. Setting US Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, in which one regional network implemented the overuse intervention and all 17 others served as controls.
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Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist use and risk of thyroid cancer: Scandinavian cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Björn Pasternak, Viktor Wintzell, Anders Hviid, Björn Eliasson, Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir, Christian Jonasson, Kristian Hveem, Henrik Svanström, Mads Melbye, Peter Ueda
Objective To investigate whether use of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists is associated with increased risk of thyroid cancer. Design Scandinavian cohort study. Setting Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, 2007-21. Participants Patients who started GLP1 receptor agonist treatment were compared with patients who started dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor treatment, and in an additional analysis
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Temporal trends in lifetime risks of atrial fibrillation and its complications between 2000 and 2022: Danish, nationwide, population based cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Nicklas Vinter, Pia Cordsen, Søren Paaske Johnsen, Laila Staerk, Emelia J Benjamin, Lars Frost, Ludovic Trinquart
Objectives To examine how the lifetime risks of atrial fibrillation and of complications after atrial fibrillation changed over time. Design Danish, nationwide, population based cohort study. Setting Population of Denmark from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2022. Participants 3.5 million individuals (51.7% women and 48.3% men) who did not have atrial fibrillation at 45 years of age or older were followed
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Derivation and external validation of a simple risk score for predicting severe acute kidney injury after intravenous cisplatin: cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Shruti Gupta, Ilya G Glezerman, Jamie S Hirsch, Kevin L Chen, Nishant Devaraj, Sophia L Wells, Robert H Seitter, Sarah A Kaunfer, Arunima M Jose, Shreya P Rao, Jessica L Ortega, Olivia Green-Lingren, Robert Hayden, Pavan K Bendapudi, Donald F Chute, Meghan E Sise, Kenar D Jhaveri, Valda D Page, Matthew H Abramson, Shveta S Motwani, Wenxin Xu, Kartik Sehgal, Kerry L Reynolds, Anip Bansal, Ala Abudayyeh
Objective To develop and externally validate a prediction model for severe cisplatin associated acute kidney injury (CP-AKI). Design Multicenter cohort study. Setting Six geographically diverse major academic cancer centers across the US. Participants Adults (≥18 years) receiving their first dose of intravenous cisplatin, 2006-22. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was CP-AKI, defined as a twofold
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Delirium and incident dementia in hospital patients in New South Wales, Australia: retrospective cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Emily H Gordon, David D Ward, Hao Xiong, Shlomo Berkovsky, Ruth E Hubbard
Objectives To determine the strength and nature of the association between delirium and incident dementia in a population of older adult patients without dementia at baseline. Design Retrospective cohort study using large scale hospital administrative data. Setting Public and private hospitals in New South Wales, Australia between July 2001 and March 2020. Participants Data were extracted for 650 590
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Use of progestogens and the risk of intracranial meningioma: national case-control study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-27 Noémie Roland, Anke Neumann, Léa Haszard, Lise Duranteau, Sébastien Froelich, Mahmoud Zureik, Alain Weill
Objective To assess the risk of intracranial meningioma associated with the use of selected progestogens. Design National case-control study. Setting French National Health Data System (ie, Système National des Données de Santé ). Participants Of 108 366 women overall, 18 061 women living in France who had intracranial surgery for meningioma between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2018 (restricted inclusion
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Current safeguards, risk mitigation, and transparency measures of large language models against the generation of health disinformation: repeated cross sectional analysis BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Bradley D Menz, Nicole M Kuderer, Stephen Bacchi, Natansh D Modi, Benjamin Chin-Yee, Tiancheng Hu, Ceara Rickard, Mark Haseloff, Agnes Vitry, Ross A McKinnon, Ganessan Kichenadasse, Andrew Rowland, Michael J Sorich, Ashley M Hopkins
Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of safeguards to prevent large language models (LLMs) from being misused to generate health disinformation, and to evaluate the transparency of artificial intelligence (AI) developers regarding their risk mitigation processes against observed vulnerabilities. Design Repeated cross sectional analysis. Setting Publicly accessible LLMs. Methods In a repeated cross
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Quality and safety of artificial intelligence generated health information BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-20 Michael J Sorich, Bradley D Menz, Ashley M Hopkins
Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing rapidly and has the potential to greatly improve many aspects of society, including health. The risks of potentially harmful consequences, however, necessitate effective oversight and mitigation measures. This article highlights distinct forms of health related risks of generative AI, with corresponding options for mitigating risk. Although artificial
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Community based complex interventions to sustain independence in older people: systematic review and network meta-analysis BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 Thomas F Crocker, Joie Ensor, Natalie Lam, Magda Jordão, Ram Bajpai, Matthew Bond, Anne Forster, Richard D Riley, Deirdre Andre, Caroline Brundle, Alison Ellwood, John Green, Matthew Hale, Lubena Mirza, Jessica Morgan, Ismail Patel, Eleftheria Patetsini, Matthew Prescott, Ridha Ramiz, Oliver Todd, Rebecca Walford, John Gladman, Andrew Clegg
Objective To synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of community based complex interventions, grouped according to their intervention components, to sustain independence for older people. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, clinicaltrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform from inception to 9 August 2021
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25 year trends in cancer incidence and mortality among adults aged 35-69 years in the UK, 1993-2018: retrospective secondary analysis BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-13 Jon Shelton, Ewa Zotow, Lesley Smith, Shane A Johnson, Catherine S Thomson, Amar Ahmad, Lars Murdock, Diana Nagarwalla, David Forman
Objective To examine and interpret trends in UK cancer incidence and mortality for all cancers combined and for the most common cancer sites in adults aged 35-69 years. Design Retrospective secondary data analysis. Data sources Cancer registration data, cancer mortality and national population data from the Office for National Statistics, Public Health Wales, Public Health Scotland, Northern Ireland
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Cervical pessary versus vaginal progesterone in women with a singleton pregnancy, a short cervix, and no history of spontaneous preterm birth at less than 34 weeks’ gestation: open label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Charlotte E van Dijk, Annabelle L van Gils, Maud D van Zijl, Bouchra Koullali, Marijke C van der Weide, Eline S van den Akker, Brenda J Hermsen, Wilhelmina M van Baal, Henricus Visser, Joris van Drongelen, Karlijn C Vollebregt, Moira Muller, Flip W van der Made, Sanne J Gordijn, Yolanda M de Mooij, Martijn A Oudijk, Marjon A de Boer, Ben WJ Mol, Brenda M Kazemier, Eva Pajkrt
Objective To compare the effectiveness of cervical pessary and vaginal progesterone in the prevention of adverse perinatal outcomes and preterm birth in pregnant women of singletons with no prior spontaneous preterm birth at less than 34 weeks’ gestation and who have a short cervix of 35 mm or less. Design Open label, multicentre, randomised, controlled trial. Setting 20 hospitals and five obstetric
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Comparison of prior authorization across insurers: cross sectional evidence from Medicare Advantage BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Ravi Gupta, Jay Fein, Joseph P Newhouse, Aaron L Schwartz
Objective To measure and compare the scope of US insurers’ policies for prior authorization (PA), a process by which insurers assess the necessity of planned medical care, and to quantify differences in PA across insurers, physician specialties, and clinical service categories. Design Cross sectional analysis. Setting PA policies for five insurers serving most of the beneficiaries covered by privately
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Diagnostic accuracy of magnetically guided capsule endoscopy with a detachable string for detecting oesophagogastric varices in adults with cirrhosis: prospective multicentre study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Xi Jiang, Jun Pan, Qing Xu, Yu-Hu Song, Huan-Huan Sun, Cheng Peng, Xiao-Long Qi, Yang-Yang Qian, Wen-Bin Zou, Yang Yang, Shao-Qin Jin, Ben-Song Duan, Shan Wu, Ye Chu, Ding-Hua Xiao, Li-Juan Hu, Jun-Zhi Cao, Jin-Feng Dai, Xiao Liu, Tian Xia, Wei Zhou, Tao Chen, Chun-Hua Zhou, Wei Wu, Shao-Jun Liu, Zhen-Yu Yang, Fen Wang, Lu Zhang, Cheng-Zhong Li, Hao Xu, Jun-Xue Wang, Bo Wei, Yong Lin, Xing Deng, Li-Hong
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and safety of using magnetically guided capsule endoscopy with a detachable string (ds-MCE) for detecting and grading oesophagogastric varices in adults with cirrhosis. Design Prospective multicentre diagnostic accuracy study. Setting 14 medical centres in China. Participants 607 adults (>18 years) with cirrhosis recruited between 7 January 2021 and 25
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Added benefit and revenues of oncology drugs approved by the European Medicines Agency between 1995 and 2020: retrospective cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Francine Brinkhuis, Wim G Goettsch, Aukje K Mantel-Teeuwisse, Lourens T Bloem
Objectives To evaluate the added benefit and revenues of oncology drugs, explore their association, and investigate potential discrepancies between added benefit and revenues across different approval pathways of the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Oncology drugs and their indications approved by the EMA between 1995 and 2020. Main outcome measures Added
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Ultra-processed food exposure and adverse health outcomes: umbrella review of epidemiological meta-analyses BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Melissa M Lane, Elizabeth Gamage, Shutong Du, Deborah N Ashtree, Amelia J McGuinness, Sarah Gauci, Phillip Baker, Mark Lawrence, Casey M Rebholz, Bernard Srour, Mathilde Touvier, Felice N Jacka, Adrienne O’Neil, Toby Segasby, Wolfgang Marx
Objective To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. Design Systematic umbrella review of existing meta-analyses. Data sources MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as manual searches of reference lists from 2009
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Optimal timing of influenza vaccination in young children: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Christopher M Worsham, Charles F Bray, Anupam B Jena
Objective To assess optimal timing of influenza vaccination in young children. Design Population based cohort study. Setting United States. Participants Commercially insured children aged 2-5 years who were vaccinated against influenza during 2011-18. Main outcome measure Rates of diagnosis of influenza among children who were vaccinated against influenza, by birth month. Results Overall, 819 223 children
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Short term exposure to low level ambient fine particulate matter and natural cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory morbidity among US adults with health insurance: case time series study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Yuantong Sun, Chad W Milando, Keith R Spangler, Yaguang Wei, Joel Schwartz, Francesca Dominici, Amruta Nori-Sarma, Shengzhi Sun, Gregory A Wellenius
Objective To estimate the excess relative and absolute risks of hospital admissions and emergency department visits for natural causes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease associated with daily exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at concentrations below the new World Health Organization air quality guideline limit among adults with health insurance in the contiguous US. Design Case
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Exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter and risks of hospital admission for major cardiovascular diseases: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Yaguang Wei, Yijing Feng, Mahdieh Danesh Yazdi, Kanhua Yin, Edgar Castro, Alexandra Shtein, Xinye Qiu, Adjani A Peralta, Brent A Coull, Francesca Dominici, Joel D Schwartz
Objective To estimate exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and risks of the first hospital admission for major cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes. Design Population based cohort study. Setting Contiguous US. Participants 59 761 494 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years during 2000-16. Calibrated PM2.5 predictions were linked to
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Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Michael Noetel, Taren Sanders, Daniel Gallardo-Gómez, Paul Taylor, Borja del Pozo Cruz, Daniel van den Hoek, Jordan J Smith, John Mahoney, Jemima Spathis, Mark Moresi, Rebecca Pagano, Lisa Pagano, Roberta Vasconcellos, Hugh Arnott, Benjamin Varley, Philip Parker, Stuart Biddle, Chris Lonsdale
Objective To identify the optimal dose and modality of exercise for treating major depressive disorder, compared with psychotherapy, antidepressants, and control conditions. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Methods Screening, data extraction, coding, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate. Bayesian arm based, multilevel network meta-analyses were
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Association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with cardiovascular disease and all cause death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: nationwide population based study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Kyung-Soo Kim, Sangmo Hong, Kyungdo Han, Cheol-Young Park
Objective To investigate the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for cardiovascular disease and all cause death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design Nationwide population based study. Setting Longitudinal cohort study in Korea. Participants 7 796 763 participants in the National Health Screening Programme in 2009 were divided into three groups based on NAFLD status:
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Clinical effectiveness of an online supervised group physical and mental health rehabilitation programme for adults with post-covid-19 condition (REGAIN study): multicentre randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Gordon McGregor, Harbinder Sandhu, Julie Bruce, Bartholomew Sheehan, David McWilliams, Joyce Yeung, Christina Jones, Beatriz Lara, Sharisse Alleyne, Jessica Smith, Ranjit Lall, Chen Ji, Mariam Ratna, Stuart Ennis, Peter Heine, Shilpa Patel, Charles Abraham, James Mason, Henry Nwankwo, Vivien Nichols, Kate Seers, Martin Underwood
Objective To evaluate whether a structured online supervised group physical and mental health rehabilitation programme can improve health related quality of life compared with usual care in adults with post-covid-19 condition (long covid). Design Pragmatic, multicentre, parallel group, superiority randomised controlled trial. Setting England and Wales, with home based interventions delivered remotely
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Duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and outcomes for adults with in-hospital cardiac arrest: retrospective cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Masashi Okubo, Sho Komukai, Lars W Andersen, Robert A Berg, Michael C Kurz, Laurie J Morrison, Clifton W Callaway
Objective To quantify time dependent probabilities of outcomes in patients after in-hospital cardiac arrest as a function of duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defined as the interval between start of chest compression and the first return of spontaneous circulation or termination of resuscitation. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Multicenter prospective in-hospital cardiac arrest
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Atypia detected during breast screening and subsequent development of cancer: observational analysis of the Sloane atypia prospective cohort in England BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Karoline Freeman, David Jenkinson, Karen Clements, Matthew G Wallis, Sarah E Pinder, Elena Provenzano, Hilary Stobart, Nigel Stallard, Olive Kearins, Nisha Sharma, Abeer Shaaban, Cliona Clare Kirwan, Bridget Hilton, Alastair M Thompson, Sian Taylor-Phillips
Objective To explore how the number and type of breast cancers developed after screen detected atypia compare with the anticipated 11.3 cancers detected per 1000 women screened within one three year screening round in the United Kingdom. Design Observational analysis of the Sloane atypia prospective cohort in England. Setting Atypia diagnoses through the English NHS breast screening programme reported
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Publishers’ and journals’ instructions to authors on use of generative artificial intelligence in academic and scientific publishing: bibliometric analysis BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Conner Ganjavi, Michael B Eppler, Asli Pekcan, Brett Biedermann, Andre Abreu, Gary S Collins, Inderbir S Gill, Giovanni E Cacciamani
Objectives To determine the extent and content of academic publishers’ and scientific journals’ guidance for authors on the use of generative artificial intelligence (GAI). Design Cross sectional, bibliometric study. Setting Websites of academic publishers and scientific journals, screened on 19-20 May 2023, with the search updated on 8-9 October 2023. Participants Top 100 largest academic publishers
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Comparative effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile for type 2 diabetes: systematic review and network meta-analysis BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Haiqiang Yao, Anqi Zhang, Delong Li, Yuqi Wu, Chong-Zhi Wang, Jin-Yi Wan, Chun-Su Yuan
Objective To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on glycaemic control, body weight, and lipid profile in adults with type 2 diabetes. Design Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Embase from database inception to 19 August 2023. Eligibility
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Invasive breast cancer and breast cancer death after non-screen detected ductal carcinoma in situ from 1990 to 2018 in England: population based cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Gurdeep S Mannu, Zhe Wang, David Dodwell, John Broggio, Jackie Charman, Sarah C Darby
Objectives To evaluate the long term risks of invasive breast cancer and death related to breast cancer after non-screen detected ductal carcinoma in situ. Risks for women in the general population and for women diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ via the screening programme were compared. Design Population based cohort study. Setting Data from the National Disease Registration Service. Participants
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Neurological development in children born moderately or late preterm: national cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-24 Ayoub Mitha, Ruoqing Chen, Neda Razaz, Stefan Johansson, Olof Stephansson, Maria Altman, Jenny Bolk
Objective To assess long term neurodevelopmental outcomes of children born at different gestational ages, particularly 32-33 weeks (moderately preterm) and 34-36 weeks (late preterm), compared with 39-40 weeks (full term). Design Nationwide cohort study. Setting Sweden. Participants 1 281 690 liveborn singleton children without congenital malformations born at 32+0 to 41+6 weeks between 1998 and 2012
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All cause and cause specific mortality in obsessive-compulsive disorder: nationwide matched cohort and sibling cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Lorena Fernández de la Cruz, Kayoko Isomura, Paul Lichtenstein, Henrik Larsson, Ralf Kuja-Halkola, Zheng Chang, Brian M D’Onofrio, Isabell Brikell, Christian Rück, Anna Sidorchuk, David Mataix-Cols
Objective To estimate the risk of all cause and cause specific mortality in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compared with matched unaffected people from the general population and with their unaffected siblings. Design Population based matched cohort and sibling cohort study. Setting Register linkage in Sweden. Participants Population based cohort including 61 378 people with OCD and
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Acute rehabilitation following traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation (ARTISAN): pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Rebecca S Kearney, David R Ellard, Helen Parsons, Aminul Haque, James Mason, Henry Nwankwo, Helen Bradley, Stephen Drew, Chetan Modi, Howard Bush, David Torgerson, Martin Underwood
Objective To assess the effects of an additional programme of physiotherapy in adults with a first-time traumatic shoulder dislocation compared with single session of advice, supporting materials, and option to self-refer to physiotherapy. Design Pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial (ARTISAN). Setting and participants Trauma research teams at 41 UK NHS Trust sites screened adults with
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Perinatal depression and risk of mortality: nationwide, register based study in Sweden BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Naela Hagatulah, Emma Bränn, Anna Sara Oberg, Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir, Qing Shen, Donghao Lu
Objective To determine whether women with perinatal depression are at an increased risk of death compared with women who did not develop the disorder, and compared with full sisters. Design Nationwide, register based study. Setting Swedish national registers, 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2018. Participants 86 551 women with a first ever diagnosis of perinatal depression ascertained through specialised
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Undisclosed financial conflicts of interest in DSM-5-TR: cross sectional analysis BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Lauren C Davis, Alexa T Diianni, Sydney R Drumheller, Noha N Elansary, Gianna N D’Ambrozio, Farahdeba Herrawi, Brian J Piper, Lisa Cosgrove
Objective To assess the extent and types of financial ties to industry of panel and task force members of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fifth edition, text revision (DSM-5-TR), published in 2022. Design Cross sectional analysis. Setting Open Payments database, USA. Participants 92 physicians based in the US who served as members of either
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Effect of Risk Mitigation Guidance opioid and stimulant dispensations on mortality and acute care visits during dual public health emergencies: retrospective cohort study BMJ (IF 93.6) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Amanda Slaunwhite, Jeong Eun Min, Heather Palis, Karen Urbanoski, Bernie Pauly, Brittany Barker, Alexis Crabtree, Paxton Bach, Emmanuel Krebs, Laura Dale, Louise Meilleur, Bohdan Nosyk
Objective To determine the effect of opioid and stimulant Risk Mitigation Guidance (RMG) dispensations on mortality and acute care visits during the dual public health emergencies of overdose and covid-19. Design Population based retrospective cohort study. Setting British Columbia, Canada. Participants 5882 people with opioid or stimulant use disorder who received RMG prescriptions for opioids (n=5356)