In this review, we provide an overview of food allergy genetics and epigenetics aimed at clinicians and researchers. This includes a brief review of the current understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, inheritance of food allergy, as well as a discussion of advantages and limitations of the different types of studies in genetic research. We specifically focus on the results of genome‐wide

Qiao et al. recently investigated the ability of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and a smartphone app to provide detailed body composition and shape data. In a healthcare system that continues to rely on crude and stigmatizing measurements like body-mass index (BMI), their findings point to the potential of newer technologies to capture markers (i.e., visceral adiposity and fat distribution

RationaleBiologics are becoming increasingly important in the management of severe asthma. However, little is known about the systemic immunometabolic consequences of Th2 response blockage.ObjectivesTo provide a better immunometabolic understanding of the effects of mepolizumab and omalizumab treatments by identifying potential biomarkers for monitoring.MethodsIn this exploratory longitudinal study

Messenger RNA vaccines based on lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNPs) are promising vaccine modalities. However, mRNA-LNP vaccines frequently cause adverse reactions such as swelling and fever in humans, partly due to the inflammatory nature of LNP. Modification of the ionizable lipids used in LNP is one approach to avoid these adverse reactions. Herein, we report the development of mRNA-LNP vaccines with

The potential of low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) in regulating ovarian function has been demonstrated; however, there is a lack of scientific evidence regarding the long‐term efficacy of LIPUS in treating ovarian injury and understanding its regulatory mechanisms. In this study, 4‐vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) was used to induce ovarian injury in rats, and LIPUS was applied to target the

RNA-targeting CRISPR screens reveal hundreds of functional long non-coding RNAs that are crucial for cell survival and implicated in cancer progression.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogenous lung condition characterized by progressive airflow obstruction. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, the disease burden remains high; although clinical trials have shown improvements in outcomes such as exacerbations, quality of life, and lung function, improvement may not be attainable for many patients. For patients who do

RATIONALE No systematic investigation into dyspnea in patients receiving prolonged ventilation (>21 days) after recovering from critical-illness has been published. OBJECTIVES To determine magnitude, nature and pathophysiological basis of dyspnea during an unassisted-breathing trial in prolonged-ventilation patients. METHODS Dyspnea intensity and descriptor selection were investigated in 27 prolonged-ventilation

RATIONALE High flow therapy reduces dyspnea in acute respiratory failure but the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVES To compare dyspnea, airway occlusion pressure (P0.1) and inspiratory work with and without nasal high flow (NHF, FiO2 21%, temperature 31°C) in intubated patients under pressure support ventilation and during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). METHODS Dyspnea

RATIONALE Unrecognised coronary artery disease (CAD) may contribute to adverse outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Improved identification of at-risk groups could inform better preventative care. We aimed to evaluate the burden and relationships of radiologically detectable CAD in COPD, establish frequency of occult disease, and examine potential cardiovascular screening methods

As cholinergic innervation is a major contributor to increased vagal tone and mucus secretion, inhaled long‐acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) are a pillar for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. By blocking the muscarinic receptors expressed in the lung, LAMA improve lung function and reduce exacerbations in asthma patients who remained poorly controlled despite treatment

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) has been recognized as an immune activation factor in tumor immunotherapy. Our study demonstrated that TNF blockade markedly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of oncolytic adenovirus (AdV) therapy. To minimize systemic side effects, we engineered a recombinant oncolytic AdV encoding a TNF inhibitor (AdV-TNFi) to confine TNF blockade within the tumor microenvironment (TME)

BackgroundLittle is known about the genetics of food allergy (FA) to various allergens and the heterogeneity of FA in adults.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate genetic susceptibility to FA in an adult population and to assess the association between secondary FA and allergic rhinitis (AR).MethodsFA and allergen‐specific FA were defined based on in‐depth questionnaires and a previously published FA algorithm

BackgroundDouble‐blind placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is widely regarded as the “gold standard” to diagnose food allergy. Maximum efforts are made to reduce bias, yet DBPCFCs are costly, time‐, and resource‐intensive. Less demanding open food challenges are increasingly used in clinical practice. However, recommendations regarding the use of these challenges are based on low certainty of

Introduction and ObjectivesTralokinumab—a biological that specifically targets interleukin‐13—is one of the newer advanced systemic treatments for patients with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Although safety and efficacy have been shown in phase‐III clinical trials, daily practice data are needed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate 28‐week safety and effectiveness, serum proteins

BackgroundPeanut allergy is a common, life‐threatening food allergy in children. We evaluated whether dupilumab, which blocks the activity of interleukin (IL)‐4/IL‐13, enhances the efficacy of oral immunotherapy (OIT) AR101 in pediatric patients with peanut allergy.MethodsA Phase II, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind study was conducted in the USA (NCT03682770) in pediatric patients (6–≤ 17 years

BackgroundIn patients with severe asthma, treatment with anti‐interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) biologics can lead to a reduction in fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in some patients. The clinical implications of varying FeNO responses to anti‐IL‐5 biologics remain unclear. This study aims to categorise patients based on their FeNO response to anti‐IL‐5 biologics and evaluate the association of these categories