This Medial News article discusses recent research showing that current COVID-19 vaccines fail to elicit enough of a mucosal immune response to prevent infection.

This Medical News article is an interview with Michael Pencina, PhD, Duke Health’s chief data scientist, about the need for health systems to collaborate to keep up with the AI revolution.

In this narrative medicine essay, a medical student whose life-healing, soul-freeing ballet career was ended by psoriatic arthritis now seeks to find healing in medicine.

This JAMA Guidelines Synopsis summarizes the 2024 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines on use of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxyPEP) for bacterial sexually transmitted infection prevention.

Importance Classification of persons with long COVID (LC) or post-COVID-19 condition must encompass the complexity and heterogeneity of the condition. Iterative refinement of the classification index for research is needed to incorporate newly available data as the field rapidly evolves. Objective To update the 2023 research index for adults with LC using additional participant data from the Researching

This Viewpoint discusses factors associated with the prevalence of obesity worldwide and whether the novel glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1) can help unlock a health systems response to the obesity pandemic.

This JAMA Insights explores how clinicians can effectively communicate person-centered health care information to adolescents regarding sexual and reproductive health, contraception, and sexually transmitted infection testing and treatment.

ImportancePatients of physicians with higher adenoma detection rates (ADRs) during colonoscopy have lower colorectal cancer (CRC) risk after screening colonoscopy (ie, postcolonoscopy CRC). Among physicians with an ADR above the recommended threshold, it is unknown whether improving ADR is associated with a lower incidence of CRC in their patients.ObjectiveTo determine the association of improved ADR

ImportanceIn the US, approximately 10.55 million adults have atrial fibrillation (AF). AF is associated with significantly increased risk of stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction, dementia, chronic kidney disease, and mortality.ObservationsSymptoms of AF include palpitations, dyspnea, chest pain, presyncope, exertional intolerance, and fatigue, although approximately 10% to 40% of people with

This Medical News article is an interview with Jeffrey S. A. Stringer, MD, whose commitment to global health equity has led to advancements in artificial intelligence-enabled tools that can accurately estimate gestational age during pregnancy without trained sonographers.

ImportancePreferred neoadjuvant strategies for early or locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer include a 4-drug chemotherapy regimen containing anthracyclines, cyclophosphamide, taxanes, and platinum. Blockade of the programmed death receptor 1/ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway may improve efficacy of classic neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Camrelizumab, an anti–PD-1 antibody, has showed antitumor activity

In this narrative medicine essay, a physician specializing in cancer survivorship calls for equitable cancer detection and prevention for all after developing breast cancer 5 years after genetic testing had indicated she had a variant of uncertain significance.

In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatric hospitalist who had undergone a double mastectomy after atypical ductal hyperplasia was detected in one of her breasts wonders whether the pain and loss from that surgery renders her a cancer survivor.

This Viewpoint discusses a new prospective payment model that supports primary care for accountable care organizations in the Medicare Shared Savings Program.

This study examines trends in school programming related to mental health and substance use and teacher professional development across US middle and high schools from 2008 to 2020.

Importance Active monitoring for low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast has been proposed as an alternative to guideline-concordant care, but the safety of this approach is unknown. Objective To compare rates of invasive cancer in patients with low-risk DCIS receiving active monitoring vs guideline-concordant care. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective, randomized noninferiority

Importance Early administration of supplemental oxygen for all severely injured trauma patients is recommended, but liberal oxygen treatment has been associated with increased risk of death and respiratory complications. Objective To determine whether an early 8-hour restrictive oxygen strategy compared with a liberal oxygen strategy in adult trauma patients would reduce death and/or major respiratory

Importance Sepsis screening is recommended among hospitalized patients but is supported by limited evidence of effectiveness. Objective To evaluate the effect of electronic sepsis screening, compared with no screening, on mortality among hospitalized ward patients. Design, Setting, and Participants In a stepped-wedge, cluster randomized trial at 5 hospitals in Saudi Arabia, 45 wards (clusters) were

Importance High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) are commonly used respiratory support therapies for patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Objective To assess whether HFNO is noninferior to NIV on the rates of endotracheal intubation or death at 7 days in 5 patient groups with ARF. Design, Setting, and Participants This noninferiority, randomized clinical trial enrolled

This Viewpoint discusses the need to recommit to the fight against HIV/AIDS to reach the United Nation’s 2030 goal of ending the epidemic as a public health threat.

Importance For hospitalized critically ill adults with suspected sepsis, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) monitoring protocols can guide the duration of antibiotic therapy, but the evidence of the effect and safety of these protocols remains uncertain. Objective To determine whether decisions based on assessment of CRP or PCT safely results in a reduction in the duration of antibiotic

This JAMA Viewpoint investigates the rising popularity of nicotine pouches, especially among youths, and how the US Food and Drug Administration must act quickly to regulate these products and curb market growth.

This JAMA Viewpoint explores how public health principles related to communicable diseases and bullet-specific regulations could be applied in the US to prevent further injury and death due to gun violence.

This Viewpoint discusses the public health benefits that could be gained if the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were to mandate very low-nicotine-content cigarettes (VLNCs).

This Medical News article is an interview with K. Casey Lion, MD, MPH, about the need for greater equity in health care for those with language barriers and how artificial intelligence translation tools may help bridge the gap.

In this narrative medicine essay, an infectious diseases physician shares how her journey to and through a depressive episode led her to raise awareness of mental health challenges and to help create supportive working environments.

ImportanceAxial spondyloarthritis is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition involving the sacroiliac joints, spine, and peripheral joints. It affects approximately 1% of adults in the US and is associated with impaired physical function and reduced quality of life.ObservationsInflammatory chronic back pain characterized by gradual onset starting before age 45 years, prolonged morning stiffness,

This Viewpoint discusses California’s new law that will further strengthen tobacco control and whether the FDA and other states will follow California’s example.