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Early neurosyphilis with serofast state Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 8.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Souheil Zayet, Samantha Poloni, Vincent Gendrin, Johan Chanal, Nicolas Dupin, Timothée Klopfenstein
We report a rare case of confirmed early neurosyphilis with serofast state in HIV-negative patient, with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Syphilitic meningitis was diagnosed initially on sero...
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R229I substitution from oseltamivir induction in HA1 region significantly increased the fitness of a H7N9 virus bearing NA 292K Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 8.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Jing Tang, Shu-Mei Zou, Jian-Fang Zhou, Rong-Bao Gao, Li Xin, Xiao-Xu Zeng, Wei-Juan Huang, Xi-Yan Li, Yan-Hui Cheng, Li-Qi Liu, Ning Xiao, Da-Yan Wang
The proportion of human isolates with reduced neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) susceptibility in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 virus was high. These drug-resistant strains showed goo...
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Active surveillance of hepatitis E: a 10-year epidemiological analysis in a city in eastern China Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 8.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Xingcheng Huang, Xiaoxiang Zheng, Lin Chen, Chunlan Zhuang, Changlin Yang, Xia Zang, Yijun Wang, Hanmin Jiang, Xiaomeng Huang, Qiang Yan, Zimin Tang, Yingying Su, Zizheng Zheng, Ting Wu, Xuefeng Zhang, Yue Huang, Shoujie Huang, Fengcai Zhu, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of acute hepatitis, however, is highly neglected and largely underreported. This study aimed to describe the detailed epidemiology of hepatitis E (HE) ...
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A long-term stable cold-chain-friendly HIV mRNA vaccine encoding multi-epitope viral protease cleavage site immunogens inducing immunogen-specific protective T cell immunity Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 8.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Subhra Mandal, Jayadri Sekhar Ghosh, Saroj Chandra Lohani, Miaoyun Zhao, Yilun Cheng, Rachel Burrack, Ma Luo, Qingsheng Li
The lack of success in clinical trials for HIV vaccines highlights the need to explore novel strategies for vaccine development. Research on highly exposed seronegative (HESN) HIV-resistant Kenyan ...
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The Tree of Life, Archetype and Artifice Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Byron Breedlove
About the Cover
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Vibrio mimicus Lineage Carrying Cholera Toxin and Vibrio Pathogenicity Island, United States and China Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Sergio Mascarenhas Morgado, Fernanda dos Santos Freitas, Erica Lourenço da Fonseca, Ana Carolina Paulo Vicente
Vibrio mimicus bacteria have caused sporadic cases and outbreaks of cholera-like diarrhea throughout the world, but the association of lineages with such events is unexplored. Genomic analyses revealed V. mimicus lineages carrying the virulence factors cholera toxin and toxin coregulated pilus, one of which has persisted for decades in China and the United States.
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Rare Case of Echinostoma cinetorchis Infection, South Korea Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Sooji Hong, Hyejoo Shin, Yoon-Hee Lee, Sung-Jong Hong, So-Ri Kim, Youn-Kyoung Kim, Young-Jin Son, Jeong-Gil Song, Jong-Yil Chai, Bong-Kwang Jung
A woman in South Korea who underwent a colonoscopy for occasional gastrointestinal discomfort had 4 adult flukes of Echinostoma cinetorchis showing 37 collar spines around the oral sucker ecovered from the terminal ileum through the ascending colon. Partial gene sequencing showed high identity with E. cinetorchis.
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Characterization of Influenza D Virus Reassortant Strain in Swine from Mixed Pig and Beef Farm, France Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Stéphane Gorin, Gautier Richard, Séverine Hervé, Eric Eveno, Yannick Blanchard, Agnès Jardin, Nicolas Rose, Gaëlle Simon
Influenza D virus was isolated from pigs on a mixed pig and beef farm in France. Investigation suggested bull-to-pig transmission and spread among pigs. The swine influenza D virus recovered was a reassortant of D/660 and D/OK lineages. Reported mutations in the receptor binding site might be related to swine host adaptation.
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Real-Time Enterovirus D68 Outbreak Detection through Hospital Surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection, Senegal, 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Mamadou Malado Jallow, Marie Pedapa Mendy, Mamadou Aliou Barry, Moussa Moise Diagne, Samba Niang Sagne, Fatime Tall, Jean Baptisse Niokhor Diouf, Ndiendé Koba Ndiaye, Davy Kiori, Sara Sy, Déborah Goudiaby, Cheikh Loucoubar, Gamou Fall, Hervé Kadjo, Maël Bessaud, Ndongo Dia
In December 2023, we observed through hospital-based surveillance a severe outbreak of enterovirus D68 infection in pediatric inpatients in Dakar, Senegal. Molecular characterization revealed that subclade B3, the dominant lineage in outbreaks worldwide, was responsible for the outbreak. Enhanced surveillance in inpatient settings, including among patients with neurologic illnesses, is needed.
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Surge in Ceftriaxone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428-Like Strains, Asia-Pacific Region, 2015−2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Leshan Xiu, Lulu Zhang, Junping Peng
Ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428-like strains have disseminated across the Asia-Pacific region, with a continuous rise in prevalence during 2015–2022. To mitigate the effect of these strains, we advocate for enhanced molecular diagnostics, expanded surveillance networks, and a regionally coordinated effort to combat the global spread of FC428-like strains.
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Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation After Switch to Cabotegravir/Rilpivirine in Patient with Low Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Eisuke Adachi, Ayako Sedohara, Kotaro Arizono, Kazuaki Takahashi, Amato Otani, Yoshiaki Kanno, Makoto Saito, Michiko Koga, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
A patient in Japan with HIV began antiretroviral therapy because of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) 15 years ago, with low hepatitis B surface antibody, and experienced breakthrough HBV reactivation 4 months after switching from bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide to cabotegravir/rilpivirine. An immune escape mutation, E164V, was identified in the isolated HBV DNA.
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Fatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children, Japan, January–September 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Shingo Mitsushima, Yuichiro Yahata, Yuuki Tsuchihashi, Chiaki Ikenoue, Munehisa Fukusumi, Shogo Otake, Tomoe Shimada, Takuya Yamagishi, Hajime Kamiya, Yusuke Kobayashi, Hitomi Kurosu, Mai Okuyama, Saeko Morino, Miho Shibamura, Sayaka Takanashi, Taro Kamigaki, Kanako Otani, Manami Nakashita, Hanae Ito, Ayako Miyazaki, Masaya Koshiko, Masanao Harakuni, Megumi Onuma, Hiroko Chiba, Maki Masutani, Natsu
To determine the characteristics of pediatric patients 0–19 years of age who died after onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Japan during January 1–September 30, 2022, we reviewed multiple sources. We identified 62 cases, collected detailed information from medical records and death certificates, and conducted interviews, resulting in 53 patients with detailed information for our study. Among 46 patients
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Numb-associated kinases regulate sandfly-borne Toscana virus entry. Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 8.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Yarden Moalem, Rodolfo Katz, Anand G Subramaniam, Yehonathan Malis, Yakey Yaffe, Nofit Borenstein-Auerbach, Keshet Tadmor, Roey Raved, Ben M. Maoz, Ji Seung Yoo, Yaniv Lustig, Chen Luxenburg, Eran Perlson, Shirit Einav, Ella H. Sklan
Sandfly-borne Toscana virus (TOSV) is an enveloped tri-segmented negative single-strand RNA Phlebovirus. It is an emerging virus predominantly endemic in southwestern Europe and Northern Africa. Al...
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Dysfunctional host cellular immune responses are associated with mortality in melioidosis. Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 8.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Shelton W. Wright, Peeraya Ekchariyawat, Sineenart Sengyee, Rungnapa Phunpang, Adul Dulsuk, Natnaree Saiprom, Ekkachai Thiansukhon, Kovit Pattanapanyasat, Sunee Korbsrisate, T. Eoin West, Narisara Chantratita
Melioidosis is a tropical infection caused by the intracellular pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei, an underreported and emerging global threat. As melioidosis-associated mortality is frequently hi...
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Retrospective Study of Infections with Corynebacterium diphtheriae Species Complex, French Guiana, 2016–2021 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Mélanie Gaillet, Mélanie Hennart, Vincent Sainte Rose, Edgar Badell, Céline Michaud, Romain Blaizot, Magalie Demar, Luisiane Carvalho, Jean François Carod, Audrey Andrieu, Félix Djossou, Julie Toubiana, Loic Epelboin, Sylvain Brisse
Human infections with Corynebacterium diphtheriae species complex (CdSC) bacteria were rare in French Guiana until 2016, when the number of cases diagnosed increased. We conducted an epidemiologic, multicenter, retrospective study of all human CdSC infections diagnosed in French Guiana during January 1, 2016–December 31, 2021. A total of 64 infectious episodes were observed in 60 patients; 61 infections
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mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccines Clin. Microbiol. Rev. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Shamim AhmedAlon Herschhorn1Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA2Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA3Center for Genome Engineering, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA4Institute for Engineering in Medicine, University
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
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What We (Don’t) Know about the Infectious Disease Burden Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness in the United States and Canada J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Mitra Kashani, Michael Bien, Emily Mosites, Ashley A Meehan
Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) and sexual and gender minority (SGM) YEH may be at increased risk for infectious diseases due to living arrangements, risk behaviors, and barriers to healthcare access that are dissimilar to those of housed youth and older adults experiencing homelessness. To better understand infectious diseases among YEH populations, we synthesized findings from 12 peer-reviewed
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Plasma Immune Biomarkers Predictive of Progression to Active Tuberculosis in Household Contacts of TB Patients J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Anuradha Rajamanickam, Evangeline Ann Daniel, Bindu Dasan, Kannan Thiruvengadam, Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran, Sanjay Gaikwad, Sathyamurthi Pattabiraman, Brindha Bhanu, Amsaveni Sivaprakasam, Vandana Kulkarni, Rajesh Karyakarte, Mandar Paradkar, Shri Vijay Bala Yogendra Shivakumar, Vidya Mave, Amita Gupta, Luke Elizabeth Hanna, Subash Babu
Background The progression from Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection to active tuberculosis (TB) disease varies among individuals, and identifying biomarkers to predict progression is crucial for guiding interventions. In this study, we aimed to determine plasma immune biomarker profiles in healthy household contacts of index pulmonary TB (PTB) patients who either progressed to TB or remained as non-progressors
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Reduced Likelihood of Hospitalization with the JN.1 or HV.1 SARS-CoV-2 Variants Compared to the EG.5 Variant J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-18 Matthew E Levy, Vanessa Chilunda, Richard E Davis, Phillip R Heaton, Pamala A Pawloski, Jason D Goldman, Cynthia A Schandl, Lisa M McEwen, Elizabeth T Cirulli, Dana Wyman, Andrew Dei Rossi, Hang Dai, Magnus Isaksson, Nicole L Washington, Tracy Basler, Kevin Tsan, Jason Nguyen, Jimmy Ramirez, Efren Sandoval, William Lee, James Lu, Shishi Luo
Within a multi-state viral genomic surveillance program, we evaluated whether proportions of SARS-CoV-2 infections attributed to the JN.1 variant and to XBB-lineage variants (including HV.1 and EG.5) differed between inpatient and outpatient care settings during periods of cocirculation. Both JN.1 and HV.1 were less likely than EG.5 to account for infections among inpatients versus outpatients (aOR=0
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Proposal for a Global Classification and Nomenclature System for A/H9 Influenza Viruses Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Alice Fusaro, Juan Pu, Yong Zhou, Lu Lu, Luca Tassoni, Yu Lan, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, Zoe Song, Justin Bahl, Jiani Chen, George F. Gao, Isabella Monne, Jinhua Liu
Influenza A/H9 viruses circulate worldwide in wild and domestic avian species, continuing to evolve and posing a zoonotic risk. A substantial increase in human infections with A/H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) and the emergence of novel reassortants carrying A/H9N2-origin internal genes has occurred in recent years. Different names have been used to describe the circulating and emerging
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Wastewater Target Pathogens of Public Health Importance for Expanded Sampling, Houston, Texas, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Komal Sheth, Loren Hopkins, Kaavya Domakonda, Lauren Stadler, Katherine B. Ensor, Catherine D. Johnson, Janeana White, David Persse, Edward Septimus
Building on the success of initiatives put forth during the COVID-19 pandemic response, US health officials are expanding wastewater surveillance programs to track other target pathogens and diseases of public health interest. The Houston Health Department in Houston, Texas, USA, conducted a hypothesis-generating study whereby infectious disease subject matter experts suggested potential targets. This
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ST913-IVa-t991 Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Pediatric Patients, Israel Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Moti Baum, Einav Anuka, Maya Davidovich-Cohen, Assaf Rokney
In Israel, prevalence of sequence type 913, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec, spa type t991 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineage has surged among pediatric populations, predominantly in Arab and Orthodox Jewish communities. Antimicrobial resistance patterns vary by demographics. This lineage's spread and microevolution in the Middle East underscore the need for ongoing surveillance
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Group B Streptococcus Sequence Type 103 as Human and Bovine Pathogen, Brazil Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Laura M.A. Oliveira, Leandro C. Simões, Chiara Crestani, Natália S. Costa, José Carlos F. Pantoja, Renata F. Rabello, Sérgio E.L. Fracalanzza, Lucia M. Teixeira, Uzma B. Khan, Dorota Jamrozy, Stephen Bentley, Tatiana C.A. Pinto, Ruth N. Zadoks
Group B Streptococcus sequence type 103 is known primarily as a bovine mastitis pathogen. In Brazil, it has circulated in cattle and humans since the 1990s. It lacks scpB and, in humans, was found only among carriage isolates. Bovine–human interspecies transmission may have contributed to its evolution and spread.
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Spatiotemporal Modeling of Cholera, Uvira, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2016−2020 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Ruwan Ratnayake, Jackie Knee, Oliver Cumming, Jaime Mufitini Saidi, Baron Bashige Rumedeka, Flavio Finger, Andrew S. Azman, W. John Edmunds, Francesco Checchi, Karin Gallandat
We evaluated the spatiotemporal clustering of rapid diagnostic test−positive cholera cases in Uvira, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. We detected spatiotemporal clusters that consistently overlapped with major rivers, and we outlined the extent of zones of increased risk that are compatible with the radii currently used for targeted interventions.
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Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections among Children before and during COVID-19 Pandemic, Taiwan, 2017–2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Tsung-Hua Wu, Yu-Ping Fang, Fang-Ching Liu, Hui-Hsien Pan, Yu-Ying Yang, Chiah-Sing Song, Chun-Yi Lee
Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections emerged during spring to summer yearly in Taiwan, but infections were few during the pandemic. M. pneumoniae macrolide resistance soared to 85.7% in 2020 but declined to 0% during 2022–2023. Continued molecular surveillance is necessary to monitor trends in macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae.
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Scrapie Versus Chronic Wasting Disease in White-Tailed Deer Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Zoe J. Lambert, Jifeng Bian, Eric D. Cassmann, M. Heather West Greenlee, Justin J. Greenlee
White-tailed deer are susceptible to scrapie (WTD scrapie) after oronasal inoculation with the classical scrapie agent from sheep. Deer affected by WTD scrapie are difficult to differentiate from deer infected with chronic wasting disease (CWD). To assess the transmissibility of the WTD scrapie agent and tissue phenotypes when further passaged in white-tailed deer, we oronasally inoculated wild-type
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Systematic Review of Prevalence of Histoplasma Antigenuria in Persons with HIV in Latin America and Africa Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Preethiya Sekar, Gila Hale, Jane Gakuru, David B. Meya, David R. Boulware, Jayne Ellis, Elizabeth Nalintya, Nathan C. Bahr, Radha Rajasingham
Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease associated with substantial mortality rates among persons with advanced HIV disease. Our systematic review synthesized data on the global prevalence of Histoplasma-caused antigenuria in persons with HIV. We searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Scopus databases on January 3, 2023, to identify cross-sectional and cohort studies evaluating Histoplasma antigenuria prevalence
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Plasma Antibody and Nucleocapsid Antigen Status Predict Outcomes in Outpatients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Nikolaus Jilg, Mark J Giganti, Kara W Chew, Katy Shaw-Saliba, Justin Ritz, Carlee Moser, Teresa H Evering, Eric S Daar, Joseph J Eron, Judith S Currier, Michael D Hughes, H Cliff Lane, Robin Dewar, Davey M Smith, Jonathan Z Li
Background Reliable biomarkers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes are critically needed. We evaluated associations of spike antibody (Ab) and plasma nucleocapsid antigen (N Ag) with clinical outcomes in nonhospitalized persons with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Methods Participants were nonhospitalized adults with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 enrolled in ACTIV-2 between January and July 2021
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Recurrent Occupational Hantavirus Infections Linked to Feeder Rodent Breeding Farm, Taiwan, 2022 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Kung-Ching Wang, Chih-Kai Chang, Shu-Fen Chang, Pei-Yun Shu, Hsi-Chieh Wang, Shin-Wei Su, Fang-Ling Lin, Chung-Yu Wang, Chia-ping Su
We investigated 2 acute cases and 1 previous case of Seoul hantavirus infection in workers in a feeder rodent breeding farm in Taiwan. Prevalence of hantavirus IgG among the tested feeder rats was 37.5%. Appropriate prevention measures, including using disinfection protocols and personal protective equipment, are crucial to lowering risk.
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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Kinetics in Serum, Saliva, and Urine, Iran, 2018 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Malihe Metanat, Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab, Tahmineh Jalali, Fahimeh Bagheri Amiri, Neda Sadat Torab Jahromi, Mahsa Tavakoli, Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
Little is known about using noninvasive samples for diagnosing Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). We investigated detection of CCHF virus in serum, saliva, and urine samples. Our results indicate that serum is the best sample type for CCHF diagnosis; saliva can be used for noninvasive sampling.
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Rustrela Virus in Wild Mountain Lion (Puma concolor) with Staggering Disease, Colorado, USA Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Karen A. Fox, Angele Breithaupt, Martin Beer, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Florian Pfaff
We identified a rustrela virus variant in a wild mountain lion (Puma concolor) in Colorado, USA. The animal had clinical signs and histologic lesions compatible with staggering disease. Considering its wide host range in Europe, rustrela virus should be considered as a cause for neurologic diseases among mammal species in North America.
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Geographic Distribution of Rabies Virus and Genomic Sequence Alignment of Wild and Vaccine Strains, Kenya Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Evalyne N. Wambugu, Gathii Kimita, Sarah N. Kituyi, Michael A. Washington, Clement Masakhwe, Lucy M. Mutunga, Gurdeep Jaswant, S.M. Thumbi, Brian C. Schaefer, John N. Waitumbi
Rabies, a viral disease that causes lethal encephalitis, kills ≈59,000 persons worldwide annually, despite availability of effective countermeasures. Rabies is endemic in Kenya and is mainly transmitted to humans through bites from rabid domestic dogs. We analyzed 164 brain stems collected from rabid animals in western and eastern Kenya and evaluated the phylogenetic relationships of rabies virus (RABV)
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Archaea in the Human Microbiome and Potential Effects on Human Infectious Disease Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Stefanie Duller, Christine Moissl-Eichinger
Archaea represent a separate domain of life, next to bacteria and eukarya. As components of the human microbiome, archaea have been associated with various diseases, including periodontitis, endodontic infections, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and urogenital tract infections. Archaea are generally considered nonpathogenic; the reasons are speculative because of limited knowledge and gene annotation
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Intranasal M2SR (M2-deficient Single Replication) Influenza Vaccine Induces Broadly Reactive Mucosal Antibody Production in Adults J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Lindsay Hill-Batorski, Joshua A Weiner, Margaret E Ackerman, Yasuko Hatta, Daniel F Hoft, Renee Herber, Michael J Moser, Pamuk Bilsel
Intranasal M2SR (M2-deficient Single Replication influenza virus) vaccine induces robust immune responses in animal models and human subjects. A high-throughput multiplexed platform was used to analyze hemagglutinin-specific mucosal antibody responses in adults after a single dose of H3N2 M2SR. Nasal swab specimens were analyzed for total and hemagglutinin-specific IgA. Significant, dose-dependent
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Pre-pandemic Metabolic Correlates of COVID-19 Severity and Long COVID Incidence in People Living with HIV J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-16 Priyesh Agrawal, Leila B Giron, Shalini Singh, Nel Jason Haw, Aaron R Goldman, Mohammed Elkaeid, Bernard Macatangay, Frank J Palella, Maria L Alcaide, Caitlin A Moran, Seble G Kassaye, Nathan Erdmann, Kara W Chew, Michelle Floris-Moore, Aruna Chandran, Michael H Augenbraun, Anjali Sharma, Clovis Palmer, Alan L Landay, Michael J Peluso, Ali Keshavarzian, Todd T Brown, Phyllis C Tien, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen
Host metabolic dysregulation, especially in tryptophan metabolism, is intricately linked to COVID-19 severity and its post-acute sequelae (Long COVID). People living with HIV (PLWH) experience similar metabolic dysregulation and face an increased risk of developing Long COVID. However, whether pre-existing HIV-associated metabolic dysregulations contribute in predisposing PLWH to severe COVID-19 outcomes
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Obesity is associated with increased pediatric dengue virus infection and disease: A 9-year cohort study in Managua, Nicaragua Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Reinaldo Mercado-Hernandez, Rachel Myers, Fausto Andres Bustos Carillo, José Victor Zambrana, Brenda López, Nery Sanchez, Aubree Gordon, Angel Balmaseda, Guillermina Kuan, Eva Harris
Background Obesity is on the rise globally in adults and children, including in tropical areas where diseases such as dengue have a substantial burden, particularly in children. Obesity impacts the risk of severe dengue disease; however, the impact on dengue virus (DENV) infection and dengue cases remains an open question. Methods We used 9 years of data from 5,940 children in the Pediatric Dengue
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Pneumococcal carriage and disease in adults in England 2011-2019: the importance of adults as a reservoir for pneumococcus in communities J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 D El Safadi, L Hitchins, A Howard, P Aley, J Bowman, M Bertran, A Collins, R Colin-Jones, F Elterish, N K Fry, S B Gordon, K Gould, J Hinds, E Horn, A Hyder-Wright, R Kandasamy, S Ladhani, D Litt, E Mitsi, A Murphy, A J Pollard, E Plested, S Pojar, H Ratcliffe, M C Robertson, H Robinson, M D Snape, C Solórzano, M Voysey, E Begier, J Catusse, M Lahuerta, C Theilacker, B D Gessner, K S Tiley, D M Ferreira
Background Pneumococcal carriage in children has been extensively studied, but carriage in healthy adults and its relationship to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is less understood. Methods Nasal wash samples from adults without close contact with young children (Liverpool, UK), 2011-2019, were cultured, and culture-negative samples tested by PCR. Pneumococcal carriage in adults 18-44 years was
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Molecular methods enhance the detection of pyoderma-related Streptococcus pyogenes and emm-type distribution in children J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Jennifer N Hall, Edwin P Armitage, Elina Senghore, Saffiatou Darboe, Momodou Barry, Janko Camara, Sulayman Bah, Alexander J Keeley, James S McCarthy, Pierre Smeesters, Claire E Turner, Thomas C Darton, Michael Marks, Adrienn Angyal, Thushan I de Silva
Background Streptococcus pyogenes-related skin infections are increasingly implicated in the development of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in lower-resourced settings, where they are often associated with scabies. The true prevalence of S. pyogenes-related pyoderma may be underestimated by bacterial culture. Methods A multiplex qPCR for S. pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Sarcoptes scabiei was applied
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Clinical Impact of Plasma Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing on Infection Diagnosis and Antimicrobial Therapy in Immunocompromised Patients J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-15 Guankun Yin, Yuyao Yin, Yifan Guo, Lingxiao Sun, Shuai Ma, Hongbin Chen, Qi Wang, Hui Wang
Background Clinical impact of plasma metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on infection diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy in immunocompromised patients with suspected infection remains unclear. Methods Between March and December 2022, 424 cases with fever, infection history, mechanical ventilation, or imaging abnormalities underwent plasma mNGS testing at a single center. Eleven patients
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A novel bispecific antibody targeting two overlapping epitopes in RBD improves neutralizing potency and breadth against SARS-CoV-2 Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 8.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Hancong Sun, Lingyun Xia, Jianhua Li, Yuanyuan Zhang, Guanying Zhang, Ping Huang, Xingxing Wang, Yue Cui, Ting Fang, Pengfei Fan, Qiang Zhou, Xiangyang Chi, Changming Yu
SARS-CoV-2 has been evolving into a large number of variants, including the highly pathogenic Delta variant, and the currently prevalent Omicron subvariants with extensive evasion capability, which...
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A novel small RNA PhaS contributes to polymyxin B-heteroresistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 8.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Zhiwei Zhao, Tingting Yang, Guoxiu Xiang, Shebin Zhang, Yimei Cai, Guosheng Zhong, Jieying Pu, Cong Shen, Jianming Zeng, Cha Chen, Bin Huang
In recent years, polymyxin has been used as a last-resort therapy for carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections. The emergence of heteroresistance (HR) to polymyxin hampers the efficacy of polymyxi...
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Evolutionary accumulation of FKS1 mutations from clinical echinocandin-resistant Candida auris Emerg. Microbes Infect. (IF 8.4) Pub Date : 2024-07-11 Sufei Tian, Yusheng Wu, Hailong Li, Chen Rong, Na Wu, Yunzhuo Chu, Ning Jiang, Jingping Zhang, Hong Shang
Introduction: Drug resistance to echinocandins, first-line drugs used to treat Candida auris infection, is rapidly emerging. However, the accumulation of mutations in genes other than FKS1 (before ...
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Standardized Phylogenetic Classification of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Below the Subgroup Level Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-11 Stephanie Goya, Christopher Ruis, Richard A. Neher, Adam Meijer, Ammar Aziz, Angie S. Hinrichs, Anne von Gottberg, Cornelius Roemer, Daniel G. Amoako, Dolores Acuña, Jakob McBroome, James R. Otieno, Jinal N. Bhiman, Josie Everatt, Juan C. Muñoz-Escalante, Kaat Ramaekers, Kate Duggan, Lance D. Presser, Laura Urbanska, Marietjie Venter, Nicole Wolter, Teresa C.T. Peret, Vahid Salimi, Varsha Potdar, Vítor
A globally implemented unified phylogenetic classification for human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) below the subgroup level remains elusive. We formulated global consensus of HRSV classification on the basis of the challenges and limitations of our previous proposals and the future of genomic surveillance. From a high-quality curated dataset of 1,480 HRSV-A and 1,385 HRSV-B genomes submitted to
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Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities Clin. Microbiol. Rev. (IF 19.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Bernhard JandlSatish DigheChristoph GascheAthanasios MakristathisMarkus Muttenthaler1Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria2Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria3Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia4Department of Internal Medicine, Division
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Ahead of Print.
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Ethiopia National Cholera Elimination Plan 2022–2028: Experiences, Challenges, and the Way Forward Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Mukemil Hussen, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Moti Edosa, Mandefro Kebede, Mesfin Wossen, Azeb Mulugeta Chane, Girma Abate, Wondosen Hailu Asfaw, Dejene Hailu, Mekonnen Teferi, Yeonji Jeon, Abel Gedefaw, Se Eun Park
Cholera remains a significant public health concern in Ethiopia. More than 15.9 million Ethiopians, constituting 15% of the total population, live in areas with a history of recurrent cholera outbreaks. The last 9 years of national cholera surveillance data show the country has been experiencing cholera outbreaks every year. The current cholera outbreak, starting in August 2022, has affected the entire
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Immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of a tetravalent dengue vaccine in children and adolescents: an analysis by age group Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Charissa Borja-Tabora, LakKumar Fernando, Eduardo Lopez Medina, Humberto Reynales, Luis Rivera, Xavier Saez-Llorens, Chukiat Sirivichayakul, Delia Yu, Nicolas Folschweiller, Kelley J Moss, Martina Rauscher, Vianney Tricou, Yuan Zhao, Shibadas Biswal
Background Dengue is an increasing threat to global health. This exploratory analysis evaluated the immunogenicity, safety, and vaccine efficacy (VE) of a live-attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (TAK-003) in participants enrolled in the phase 3 DEN-301 trial (NCT02747927), stratified by baseline age (4–5 years; 6–11 years; or 12–16 years). Methods Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive 2 doses
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Coverage of Two-Dose Preemptive Cholera Mass Vaccination Campaign in High-Priority Hotspots in Shashemene, Oromia Region, Ethiopia Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Se Eun Park, Abel Gedefaw, Dejene Hailu, Yeonji Jeon, Ondari D Mogeni, Geun Hyeog Jang, David Mukasa, Ramzi Mraidi, Deok Ryun Kim, Tomas Getahun, Edlawit Mesfin Getachew, Biruk Yeshitela, Samuyel Ayele Abebe, Mukemil Hussen, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Mekonnen Teferi
Background Cholera is a public health priority in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian National Cholera Plan elaborates a multi-year scheme of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) use. Aligned with this, a preemptive OCV campaign was conducted under our Ethiopia Cholera Control and Prevention project. Here, we present the OCV vaccination outcomes. Method Cholera high-priority hotspots in the Oromia Region, Shashemene Town
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Retrospective Analysis of Cholera/Acute Watery Diarrhea Outbreaks in Ethiopia From 2001 To 2023: Incidence, Case Fatality Rate, and Seasonal and Multiyear Epidemic Patterns Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Abel Gedefaw, Yeonji Jeon, Dejene Hailu, Tomas Getahun, Ondari D Mogeni, David Mukasa, Geun Hyeog Jang, Gi Deok Pak, Deok Ryun Kim, Edlawit Mesfin Getachew, Biruk Yeshitela, Samuyel Ayele Abebe, Moti Edosa, Mesfin Wossen, Mekonnen Teferi, Se Eun Park
Background The Ethiopian government has developed the multisectoral cholera elimination plan (NCP) with an aim of reducing cholera incidence and case fatality rate (CFR). To better understand and monitor the progress of this plan, a comprehensive review of national cholera epidemiology is needed. Methods Reported data on cholera/acute watery diarrhea (AWD) cases in the past 20 years were extracted
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Healthcare Seeking Behavior and Disease Perception Toward Cholera and Acute Diarrhea Among Populations Living in Cholera High-Priority Hotspots in Shashemene, Ethiopia Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Tomas Getahun, Dejene Hailu, Ondari D Mogeni, Edlawit Mesfin Getachew, Biruk Yeshitela, Yeonji Jeon, Abel Gedefaw, Samuyel Ayele Abebe, Ermiyas Hundito, David Mukasa, Geun Hyeog Jang, Gi Deok Pak, Deok Ryun Kim, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Mukemil Hussen, Mekonnen Teferi, Se Eun Park
Background Healthcare seeking behavior (HSB) and community perception on cholera can influence its management. We conducted a cross-sectional survey to generate evidence on cholera associated HSB and disease perception in populations living in cholera hotspots in Ethiopia. Methods A total of 870 randomly selected households (HHs) in Shashemene Town (ST) and Shashemene Woreda (SW) participated in our
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Comprehensive Review on the Use of Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) in Ethiopia: 2019 to 2023 Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Moti Edosa, Yeonji Jeon, Abel Gedefaw, Dejene Hailu, Edlawit Mesfin Getachew, Ondari D Mogeni, Geun Hyeog Jang, David Mukasa, Biruk Yeshitela, Tomas Getahun, Julia Lynch, Malika Bouhenia, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Mukemil Hussen, Mesfin Wossen, Mekonnen Teferi, Se Eun Park
Background Cholera outbreaks in Ethiopia necessitate frequent mass oral cholera vaccine (OCV) campaigns. Despite this, there is a notable absence of a comprehensive summary of these campaigns. Understanding national OCV vaccination history is essential to design appropriate and effective cholera control strategies. Here, we aimed to retrospectively review all OCV vaccination campaigns conducted across
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Dissecting Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) to Assess Risk Factors for Cholera in Shashemene, Oromia Region, Ethiopia Clin. Infect. Dis. (IF 8.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Dejene Hailu, Yeonji Jeon, Abel Gedefaw, Jong-Hoon Kim, Ramzi Mraidi, Tomas Getahun, Ondari D Mogeni, Edlawit Mesfin Getachew, Geun Hyeog Jang, David Mukasa, Gi Deok Pak, Deok Ryun Kim, Samuyel Ayele Abebe, Biruk Yeshitela, Moti Edosa, Yeshambel Worku Demlie, Se Eun Park, Mekonnen Teferi
Background Cholera outbreaks have afflicted Ethiopia, with nearly 100 000 cases and 1030 deaths reported from 2015 to 2023, emphasizing the critical need to understand water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) risk factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional household (HH) survey among 870 HHs in Shashemene Town and Shashemene Woreda, alongside extracting retrospective cholera case data from the Ethiopian
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Innate and cellular immune response to the Ebola vaccine Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo: an ancillary study of the EBL2001 phase II trial J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Christine Lacabaratz, Mélany Durand, Aurélie Wiedemann, Emile Foucat, Mathieu Surénaud, Corinne Krief, Lydia Guillaumat, Cynthia Robinson, Kerstin Luhn, Viki Bockstal, Rodolphe Thiébaut, Laura Richert, Yves Lévy
Background The EBL2001 phase 2 trial tested the two-dose Ad26.ZEBOV, MVA-BN-Filo Ebola vaccine in Europe. Safety and humoral immunogenicity assessments led to EU market authorization in 2020. Complementary analyses of immune responses are warranted to better characterize vaccine effects. Methods We conducted an ancillary study to analyze changes in the serum and cellular responses. Serum biomarkers
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Thrombocytopenia in SFTS due to platelets with altered function undergoing cell death pathways J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Yaohui Fang, Shu Shen, Jingyuan Zhang, Ling Xu, Tong Wang, Lei Fan, Qiong Zhu, Jian Xiao, Xiaoli Wu, Jiayin Jin, Qiaoli Wu, Yanfang Zhang, Shuang Tang, Xin Zheng, Fei Deng
Background Thrombocytopenia is the major clinical feature associated with the severity of SFTS, but the mechanism by which it occurs remains unclear. Methods RNA transcriptome analyses were performed on platelets purified from SFTS patients and SFTSV-infected mice. The functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the platelets were characterized. ELISA, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR were used
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Applications of machine learning on electronic health record data to combat antibiotic resistance J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Samuel E Blechman, Erik S Wright
There is growing excitement about the clinical use of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies. Advancements in computing and the accessibility of machine learning frameworks enable researchers to easily train predictive models using electronic health record data. However, there are several practical factors that must be considered when employing machine learning on electronic health
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Relative Contribution of Diagnostic Testing to the Diagnosis of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Hospitalized Adults in the United States J. Infect. Dis. (IF 5.0) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Evan J Anderson, Ashley Tippett, Elizabeth Begier, Theda Gibson, Gabby Ess, Vikash Patel, Meg Taylor, Olivia Reese, Luis Salazar, Samadhan Jadhao, He-Ying Sun, Hui-Mien Hsiao, Shadwal Gupta, Wensheng Li, Kathleen Stephens, Amy Keane, Caroline Ciric, Kieffer Hellmeister, Andrew Cheng, Zayna Al-Husein, Laurel Bristow, Robin Hubler, Qing Liu, Bradford D Gessner, Luis Jodar, David Swerdlow, Warren Kalina
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illness (ARI) in older adults. Optimizing diagnosis could improve understanding of RSV burden. Methods We enrolled adults ≥50 years of age hospitalized with ARI and adults of any age hospitalized with congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations at two hospitals during two respiratory
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Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay to Detect Invasive Malaria Vector Anopheles stephensi Mosquitoes Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Cristina Rafferty, Gloria Raise, JeNyiah Scaife, Bernard Abongo, Seline Omondi, Sylvia Milanoi, Margaret Muchoki, Brenda Onyango, Eric Ochomo, Sarah Zohdy
Spread of the Anopheles stephensi mosquito, an invasive malaria vector, threatens to put an additional 126 million persons per year in Africa at risk for malaria. To accelerate the early detection and rapid response to this mosquito species, confirming its presence and geographic extent is critical. However, existing molecular species assays require specialized laboratory equipment, interpretation
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Transmission and Surveillance of Rat Hepatitis E Virus in Swine Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Matheus Filgueira Bezerra, Maria Gabriela Oliveira da Paz, Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho, Christian Robson de Souza Reis
Transmission and Surveillance of Rat Hepatitis E Virus in Swine
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Novel Genotypes of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Viruses, Germany, November 2023 Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Ann Kathrin Ahrens, Anne Pohlmann, Christian Grund, Timm Harder, Martin Beer
Several subtypes and many different genotypes of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of subtype H5 clade 2.3.4.4b have repeatedly caused outbreaks in Germany. Four new highly pathogenic avian influenza genotypes emerged in November 2023 after reassortment with low pathogenicity precursors, replacing genotype BB, which had dominated in Europe since 2022.
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Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Severe Infant Botulism, China Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Chaonan Fan, Rubo Li, Lijuan Wang, Kechun Li, Xinlei Jia, Hengmiao Gao, Bike Zhang, Xuefang Xu, Suyun Qian
Infant botulism in a 4-month-old boy in China who continued to excrete toxins for over a month despite antitoxin therapy was further treated with fecal microbiota transplantation. After treatment, we noted increased gut microbial diversity and altered fecal metabolites, which may help reduce intestinal pH and enhance anti-inflammatory capabilities.
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Multiplex Dual-Target Reverse Transcription PCR for Subtyping Avian Influenza A(H5) Virus Emerg. Infect. Dis. (IF 7.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Malaya K. Sahoo, Ingrid E.A. Morante, ChunHong Huang, Daniel Solis, Fumiko Yamamoto, Uzoamaka C. Ohiri, Daniel Romero, Benjamin A. Pinsky
An increased risk for human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses is of concern. We developed an internally controlled, dual-target reverse transcription PCR for influenza A(H5) subtyping. This test could be used to detect influenza A(H5) in clinical samples.