Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with the ability to communicate with other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array of diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be developed. Today exosomes have been applied in numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, post‐traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology disorders, musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID‐19, hepatitis), regenerative procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint regeneration, osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental regeneration, dermatology/skin regeneration, erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord injury, vascular regeneration), and cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric cancer and osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune disorders, immune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review is a first of its kind aimed at summarizing the extensive regenerative potential of exosomes over a broad range of diseases and disorders.

中文翻译：

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了解外泌体：第 2 部分——再生医学领域的新兴领导者


外泌体是大多数细胞分泌的细胞外信号小泡的最小子集，能够与其他组织和细胞类型长距离通讯。由于它们能够用作多种疾病/病症的治疗选择，它们在再生医学中的应用最近获得了巨大的发展势头。目前每年有超过 5000 篇关于该主题的出版物出版，并且随着新的治疗策略的不断开发，这一数字预计只会急剧增加。如今，外泌体已应用于多种领域，包括神经退行性疾病（阿尔茨海默病、中枢神经系统、抑郁症、多发性硬化症、帕金森病、创伤后应激障碍、创伤性脑损伤、周围神经损伤）、受损器官（心脏、肾脏、肝脏） 、中风、心肌梗塞、心肌梗塞、卵巢）、退行性过程（动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病、血液学疾病、肌肉骨骼变性、放射性骨坏死、呼吸道疾病）、传染病（COVID-19、肝炎）、再生手术（抗衰老、骨再生、软骨） /关节再生、骨关节炎、皮肤伤口、牙齿再生、皮肤科/皮肤再生、勃起功能障碍、毛发再生、椎间盘修复、脊髓损伤、血管再生）、癌症治疗（乳腺癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和骨肉瘤）、免疫功能（过敏、自身免疫性疾病、免疫调节、炎症性疾病、狼疮、类风湿性关节炎）。这项范围审查是此类综述中的首次，旨在总结外泌体在多种疾病和病症中的广泛再生潜力。