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Background & Aims: Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (eCCA), gallbladder cancer (GBC), and ampullary cancer, exhibit poor prognosis. This study examined temporal trends in mortality due to BTCs and their major subtypes at international, regional, and national levels. Approach & Results: This observational study used the World

Objective: Chronic HBV infection (CHB) exhausts HBV-specific T cells, develops epigenetic imprints that impair immune responses, and limits the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) monotherapy, such as αPD-L1. This study aimed to determine whether the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor decitabine (DAC) could reverse these epigenetic imprints and enhance ICI efficacy in restoring HBV-specific

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is recommended by liver professional societies but lacks broad acceptance by several primary care and cancer societies due to limitations in the existing data. We convened a diverse multidisciplinary group of cancer screening experts to evaluate current and future paradigms of HCC prevention and early detection using a rigorous Delphi panel approach. The

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Section snippets Clinical trial number:Not applicable. Authors’ contributionsThe conception, data collection, and drafting the manuscript were performed by MS and ME. All authors critically reviewed, revised, and approved the final manuscript. Data availability statementThe R code for the analysis was deposited in GitHub (https://github.com/maitosuoh/fatty-liver-time-series). Financial supportSE, ME

Section snippets Authors' contributionsChenxi Wang designed this project and wrote the manuscript. Jin Shang collected the data. Huichuan Tian contributed to reviewing and editing the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Financial supportNo funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. Declaration of Competing InterestNot applicable. AcknowledgementsNot

Section snippets Authors' contributionsGuo-Fu Li concepted and designed the study, analyzed and interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript. Guiying Gao and Jie Guo contributed to the data collection and analysis. Guo Yu and Guo-Fu Li supervised the study and revised the manuscript. Guo Yu administered the study. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. Data availability statement

BACKGROUND AIMS Biliary atresia (BA) entails an inflammatory sclerosing lesion of the biliary tree, with prominent fibrosis in infancy. Previous studies revealed neutrophil-activating IL-8 and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) positively correlated with bilirubin and risk of liver transplant. The aims of this study were to determine the mechanism of NET formation (NETosis) in BA and if NETs induce

Background and Aims: Promoting liver regeneration while inhibiting fibrogenesis represented an attractive strategy for treating liver diseases, with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) being crucial to both processes. This study aimed to identify specific targets in HSCs that simultaneously facilitated regeneration and suppressed fibrosis, and elucidated their molecular mechanisms. Approach and Results:

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects around 30% of the global population. Studies suggest that MASLD is associated with compromised brain health and cognitive dysfunction, initiating a growing interest in exploring the liver–brain axis mechanistically within MASLD pathophysiology. With the prevalence of MASLD increasing at an alarming rate, leaving a large proportion

Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for approximately 90% of primary liver cancers. Advances in diagnostic and therapeutic tools, along with improved understanding of their application, are transforming patient treatment. Integrating these innovations into clinical practice presents challenges and necessitates guidance

Section snippets Authors' contributionsBoth authors contributed equally to the ideation, drafting and revising of the present letter to the Editor. Financial supportNone Declaration of Competing InterestNone AcknowledgementsNone

Section snippets Authors' contributionsAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Study design, SSL, XMD, XFL, Writing-original draft, SSL, XMD, XFL; Writing-review & editing, SSL, XMD, XFL; Supervision: XFL. Financial supportThis research received no external funding. Declaration of Competing InterestNone of the authors has any conflicts of interest. AcknowledgementsNone.

Section snippets Authors' contributionsAll authors contributed equally to the production of this manuscript Financial supportThe authors did not receive any financial support to produce this manuscript. Declaration of Competing InterestThe authors of this study declare that they do not have any conflict of interest.Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details.

Section snippets Authors' contributionsGI: Study concept, data collection, data analysis, manuscript writingAB: Data collectionSR: Study concept, data collection, data analysis, manuscript writing Financial supportNone Declaration of Competing InterestNonePlease refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details. AcknowledgementsNone

Background & Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) imposes significant healthcare burdens. Early detection of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in MASLD is essential due to their unfavourable outcomes. This multi-level random-effects meta-analysis aimed to provide the best evidence for the diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in detecting

Background and Aims: Recently proposed “Rule-of-Five” criteria define compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) and clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH) using liver stiffness (LS) and platelet count. We aimed to validate these criteria by determining whether they are associated with risk of adverse outcomes. Methods and Results: Patients without prior hepatic decompensation or

Section snippets Background and contextMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects up to one-third of the global population, yet effective therapeutic options remain limited.1 This unmet clinical need has driven significant interest in the development of pharmacological therapies for MASLD, including small-molecule inhibitors targeting acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). These

Section snippets Background and contextPatients with cirrhosis are particularly vulnerable to infections and other complications due to immune dysfunction and intestinal barrier impairment, leading to frequent antibiotic use and an associated rise in multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms in this population.[1], [2], [3] Among the antimicrobials frequently employed, rifaximin, a gut-specific antibiotic

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Section snippets Targeting the liver clock improves fibrosis by restoration of TGF-β signallingThe circadian clock (CC) regulates several functions in the liver and perturbations have been shown to be associated with liver disease. Crouchet, Dachraoui and coworkers studied the functional role of CC as a driver and therapeutic target in liver fibrosis. The authors show that CC oscillators are present

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BackgroundInternational guidelines suggest screening for advanced fibrosis due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in people with type 2 diabetes, but how to implement these guidelines in clinical care remains unclear. We hypothesise that examination with VCTE could be implemented simultaneously with retina scanning with a high acceptance rate in people with type 2 diabetes

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Further to the Expression of concern The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology issued in September 20241 for an Article presenting country, regional, and global estimates of lactose malabsorption,2 the Editors worked with the authors of the paper to determine whether further data included in the paper did not fully meet the study's stated eligibility criteria. Estimates for a substantial number of countries

In this Comment,1 the authors cite and interpret data based on an Article we now know to be unreliable and that has now been retracted.2 The Committee on Publication Ethics advises that, in such circumstances, the linked Comment should also be retracted to avoid any misunderstanding among readers. We are therefore retracting this Comment.

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