Extrachromosomal circular DNAs (eccDNAs) are a type of circular DNAs originating from but independent of chromosomal DNAs. Nowadays, with the rapid development of sequencing and bioinformatics, the accuracy of eccDNAs detection has significantly improved. This advancement has consequently enhanced the feasibility of exploring the biological characteristics and functions of eccDNAs. This review elucidates

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers are often identified in phenotypic screening campaigns by the release or surface exposure of various danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from malignant cells. This study aimed to streamline the identification of ICD inducers by leveraging cellular morphological correlates of ICD, specifically the condensation of nucleoli (CON). We applied artificial intelligence

Protein palmitoylation is a reversible fatty acyl modification that undertakes important functions in multiple physiological processes. Dysregulated palmitoylations are frequently associated with the formation of cancer. How palmitoyltransferases for S-palmitoylation are involved in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unknown. Chemical carcinogen diethylnitrosamine

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent oral malignancy, which poses significant health risks with a high mortality rate. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), characterized by their immunosuppressive capabilities, are intricately linked to OSCC progression and patient outcomes. The metabolic reprogramming of Tregs within the OSCC tumor microenvironment (TME) underpins their function, with key pathways

Most Colorectal Cancer (CRC) patients exhibit limited responsiveness to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy, with the underlying mechanisms remaining elusive. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a significant role in tumorigenesis and development, with potential applications in tumor screening and predicting treatment efficacy. However, there are few studies exploring the role of circRNAs

Tracheal cancer is a rare malignancy with limited research but high mortality rates. This study aims to analyse recent data to understand the global burden, trends, and risk factors for tracheal cancer, facilitating improved prevention and treatment strategies. We conducted a study on tracheal cancer using data from the Global Cancer Observatory and the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents databases

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most malignant tumors. Macrophages are abundant in the tumor microenvironment, making them an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. While current immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, have shown limited efficacy in pancreatic cancer, a novel approach involving chimeric

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA), an extremely rare and underinvestigated subtype of primary liver cancer in children, generally has a poor prognosis and greater aggressiveness. Histological diagnosis of cHCC-CCA is difficult because of its diverse components, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). cHCC-CCA shares some genetic alterations with HCC

In the realm of cancer research, the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression, shaped by complex interactions between cancer cells and surrounding non-cancerous cells. Cytokines, as essential immunomodulatory agents, are secreted by various cellular constituents within the TME, including immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and cancer cells themselves

Cell death is a fundamental part of life for metazoans. To maintain the balance between cell proliferation and metabolism of human bodies, a certain number of cells need to be removed regularly. Hence, the mechanisms of cell death have been preserved during the evolution of multicellular organisms. Tumorigenesis is closely related with exceptional inhibition of cell death. Mutations or defects in cell

Immunotherapy targeting programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-L1 immune checkpoints has reshaped treatment paradigms across several cancers, including breast cancer. Combining PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with chemotherapy has shown promising efficacy in both early and metastatic triple-negative breast cancer, although only a subset of patients experiences durable responses. Identifying

Liquid biopsies, in particular, analysis of cell-free DNA, are expected to revolutionize the current landscape of cancer diagnostics and treatment. However, the existing methods for cfDNA-based liquid biopsies for cancer have certain limitations, such as fragment interruption and GC bias, which are likely to be resolved by the emerging Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), characterized by long read-length

Co-occurring mutations in pairs of genes can pinpoint clinically relevant subgroups of cancer. Most colorectal cancers (CRCs) are microsatellite stable (MSS) and have few frequent mutations. Large patient cohorts and broad genomic coverage are needed for comprehensive co-mutation profiling. Co-mutations were identified in a population-based Swedish cohort analyzed by whole-genome sequencing (n=819

Radiographically, ground-glass nodules (GGN) and part-solid nodules (PSN) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have significant heterogeneity in their clinical manifestations, biological characteristics, and prognosis. This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of LUAD in different radiological phenotypes and associated factors influencing tumor evolution. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq)

Myofibroblasts constitute a significant component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a pivotal role in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Integrin α5 (ITGA5) is a crucial regulator in myofibroblasts of malignant tumors. Therefore, the potential of ITGA5 as a novel target for the therapeutic strategy of HCC should be investigated. Digital scanning and analysis of the HCC tissue

Metabolic alterations, a hallmark of cancer, enable tumor cells to adapt to their environment by modulating glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, which fuels rapid growth and contributes to treatment resistance. In primary breast cancer, metabolic shifts such as the Warburg effect and enhanced lipid synthesis are closely linked to chemotherapy failure. Similarly, metastatic lesions often display

Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, but resistance remains prevalent, often due to dysfunctional tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. A key contributor to this dysfunction is mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by defective oxidative phosphorylation, impaired adaptation, and depolarization, which promotes T cell exhaustion and severely compromises antitumor efficacy

Biomarkers have revolutionized the management of colorectal cancer (CRC), facilitating early detection, prevention, personalized treatment, and minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring. This review explores current CRC screening strategies and emerging biomarker applications. Main body. We summarize the landscape of non-invasive CRC screening and MRD detection strategies, discuss the limitations of

Millions of new cases of cancer are diagnosed worldwide each year, making it a serious public health concern. Developments in customized therapy and early detection have significantly enhanced treatment for and results from cancer. Therefore, it is important to investigate new molecular biomarkers. In this study, we created an efficient transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM) family members-related

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) and related tumors are the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma. However, this spectrum of tumors has different etiologies with varying rates of metastasis and survival. Two dermal-based neoplasms in this class of pleomorphic sarcomas, atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS), are challenging to differentiate at initial biopsy but

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors regulate numerous cellular processes, such as metabolism and signal transduction, but can also drive tumorigenesis. Specifically, in lung cancer, the overexpression of FGFs, as well as the amplification, mutation and fusion of FGFR genes, are closely linked to the initiation, progression and resistance of the disease, suggesting that targeting FGF/FGFR

Normal life requires cell division to produce new cells, but cell death is necessary to maintain balance. Dysregulation of cell death can lead to the survival and proliferation of abnormal cells, promoting tumor development. Unlike apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, the newly recognized forms of regulated cell death (RCD) cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and PANoptosis provide novel therapeutic strategies

Liver metastases are commonly detected in the advanced stages of various malignant tumors, representing a significant clinical challenge. Throughout the process of liver metastases formation, immune cells play a pivotal role, particularly in the pre-metastatic and metastatic niches within the liver. Immune cells establish extensive and intricate interactions with tumor cells and other components in

KRASG12C and KRASG12D inhibitors represent a major translational breakthrough for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and cancer in general by directly targeting its most mutated oncoprotein. However, resistance to these small molecules has highlighted the need for rational combination partners necessitating a critical understanding of signaling downstream of KRAS mutant isoforms. We contrasted tumor

PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies have displayed extraordinary clinical efficacy for melanoma, renal, bladder and lung cancer; however, only a minority of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients benefit from these treatments. The efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in CRC is limited by the complexities of tumor microenvironment. PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy is based on T cell-centered view of tumor immunity

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), an essential component of the human immune system, are a heterogeneous group of T lymphocytes with the ability to suppress immune responses and maintain immune homeostasis. Recent evidence indicates that Tregs may impair antitumor immunity and facilitate cancer progression by weakening functions of effector T cells (Teffs). Consequently, targeting Tregs to eliminate them

Upper digestive tract cancers, such as oral cavity, laryngeal, esophageal, and gastric cancers, account for 10% of cancer cases and 14.5% of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Conventional treatments often provide limited survival benefits and are frequently associated with adverse effects and drug resistance. Chinese herbal drugs (CHDs) are widely used in the Far East for managing these cancers. In

A comprehensive endoscopic small and large intestinal untargeted step biopsy procedure was conducted to compare gene expression between the normal intestinal mucosa of healthy individuals and that of patients with colorectal tumors. From 78 participants (healthy individuals [n = 17], patients with colorectal conventional adenomas [n = 6], patients with Tis–T1 colorectal cancer [n = 41], patients with

SARS-CoV-2, a highly contagious coronavirus, is responsible for the global pandemic of COVID-19 in 2019. Currently, it remains uncertain whether SARS-CoV-2 possesses oncogenic or oncolytic potential in influencing tumor progression. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the clinical and functional role of SARS-CoV-2 on tumor progression. Here, we integrated bioinformatic analysis of COVID-19 RNA-seq

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The variability in patient responses necessitates a blood-based, multi-cohort gene signature to predict ICI response in NSCLC. We performed transcriptomic profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and buffy coat (BC) samples from three independent cohorts of NSCLC patients

Malignant bone tumors, which are difficult to treat with current clinical strategies, originate from bone tissues and can be classified into primary and secondary types. Due to the specificity of the bone microenvironment, the results of traditional means of treating bone tumors are often unsatisfactory, so there is an urgent need to develop new treatments for malignant bone tumors. Recently, nanoparticle-based

Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) are well-recognized as promising vehicles for delivering anticancer drugs due to their distinctive characteristics. They have the potential to enclose hydrophobic anticancer molecules, thereby enhancing their solubilities, permeabilities, and bioavailabilities; without the use of surfactant, i.e., through surfactant-free solubilization. This allows for higher drug concentrations

Prostate cancer ranks as the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Recent research highlights the crucial roles IL6ST-mediated signaling pathways play in the development and progression of various cancers, particularly through hyperactivated STAT3 signaling. However, the molecular programs mediated by IL6ST/STAT3 in prostate cancer are poorly understood. To investigate the role

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) stands as one of the most lethal malignancies, characterized by a grim diagnosis and prognosis. The emergence of multi-drug resistance poses a significant hurdle to effective therapy. Although previous studies have implicated the long noncoding RNA LYPLAL1-DT in the tumorigenesis of SCLC, the precise role of the highly expressed LYPLAL1-DT in SCLC chemoresistance and the

Aside from the canonical role of PDL1 as a tumour surface-expressed immune checkpoint molecule, tumour-intrinsic PDL1 signals regulate non-canonical immunopathological pathways mediating treatment resistance whose significance, mechanisms, and therapeutic targeting remain incompletely understood. Recent reports implicate tumour-intrinsic PDL1 signals in the DNA damage response (DDR), including promoting

Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism involves three primary pathways: the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway (KP), the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, 5-HT) pathway, and the indole pathway. Under normal physiological conditions, Trp metabolism plays crucial roles in regulating inflammation, immunity, and neuronal function. Key rate-limiting enzymes such as indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), Trp-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO)

In the ongoing battle against BCR-ABL+ leukemia, despite significant advances with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the persistent challenges of drug resistance and the enduring presence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) remain formidable barriers to achieving a cure. In this study, we demonstrated that Disulfiram (DSF) induces ferroptosis to synergize with TKIs in inhibiting BCR-ABL+ cells, particularly

The quest to understand the molecular mechanisms of tumour metastasis and identify pivotal biomarkers for cancer therapy is increasing in importance. Single-omics analyses, constrained by their focus on a single biological layer, cannot fully elucidate the complexities of tumour molecular profiles and can thus overlook crucial molecular targets. In response to this limitation, we developed a multiobjective

Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related mortality in children. Causes of leukemia, the most common form, are largely unknown. Growing evidence points to an origin in-utero, when global redistribution of DNA methylation occurs driving tissue differentiation. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation was profiled in surrogate (blood) and target (bone marrow) tissues at birth, diagnosis, remission and relapse

Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers represent a significant health burden worldwide. Their incidence continues to increase, and their management remains a clinical challenge. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as a promising alternative to CAR-T cells for immunotherapy of GI cancers. Notably, CAR-NK cells offer several advantages, including reduced risk of graft-versus-host

Enhancing the efficacy of CD19 CAR-T cell therapy can significantly improve patient outcomes by reducing relapse rates in CD19 + B cell malignancies. Exogenous or transgenic cytokines are often used to boost the expansion and durability of CAR-T cells but pose risks of severe toxicities. A promising approach to address these limitations is to immobilize cytokines on the surface of CAR-T cells using

Cancer patients are more susceptible to an aggressive course of COVID-19. Developing biomarkers identifying cancer patients at high risk of COVID-19-related death could help determine who needs early clinical intervention. The miRNAs hosted in the genomic regions associated with the risk of aggressive COVID-19 could represent potential biomarkers for clinical outcomes. Plasma samples were collected

Normal tissue and immune organ protection are critical parts of the tumor radiation therapy process. Radiation-induced immune organ damage (RIOD) causes several side reactions by increasing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, resulting in unsatisfactory curability in tumor radiation therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a novel and efficient anti irradiation nanoparticle and explore

Correction: Mol Cancer 14, 99 (2015) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-015-0346-9 Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported inadvertent errors in two panels of Figure 3. The original Figure 3B shows a duplication of a histological image. The duplicated image has been replaced and the images, as well as their labels, have been accurately arranged in the corrected Figure 3

R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures composed of an RNA–DNA hybrid and a displaced DNA strand. They are widespread and play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA and histone modifications. However, their regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. As R-loop detection technology advances, changes in R-loop levels have been observed in cancer models, often associated

Correction: Mol Cancer 23 187 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02098-5 Following publication of the original article [1], the authors noticed a minor but significant error in the representation of the author name Tarek Ben Ahmed as “Ben” was captured as given name instead of a family name. Thus, in the online version, the name Tarek Ben Ahmed was mistakenly listed as Ahmed TB instead of Ben

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive subtype, presents a critical challenge due to the absence of approved targeted therapies. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify effective therapeutic targets for this condition. While epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is prominently expressed in TNBC and recognized as a therapeutic target, anti-EGFR therapies have yet to gain approval

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in males worldwide. Increasing research attention has focused on the PCa microenvironment, which plays a crucial role in tumor progression and therapy resistance. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key components of the PCa microenvironment, including immune cells, vascular systems, stromal cells, and microbiota

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment, providing significant benefit to patients across various tumour types, including melanoma. However, around 40% of melanoma patients do not benefit from ICI treatment, and accurately predicting ICI response remains challenging. We now describe a novel and simple approach that integrates immune-associated transcriptome signatures

Breast cancer remains a significant health concern, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being an aggressive subtype with poor prognosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important in early-stage tumor to invasive malignancy progression. Snail, a central EMT component, is tightly regulated and may be subjected to proteasomal degradation. We report a novel proteasomal independent pathway

Compared to other types of tumor vaccines, RNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional vaccine therapy due to their high efficiency, rapid development capability, and potential for low-cost manufacturing and safe drug delivery. RNA vaccines mainly include mRNA, circular RNA (circRNA), and Self-amplifying mRNA(SAM). Different RNA vaccine platforms for different tumors have shown

Correction: Mol Cancer 23, 213 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02132-6 Following publication of the original article [1], the authors noticed that the Funding information was not indicated in the article. The details of Funding were included in the revised manuscript that was submitted by the author to production system. The Funding information is given below. The original article has been

Recent studies indicate that replication checkpoint modulators (RCMs) such as inhibitors of CHK1, ATR, and WEE1 have promising monotherapy activity in solid tumors, including platinum-resistant high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). However, clinical response rates are generally below 30%. While RCM-induced DNA damage has been extensively examined in preclinical and clinical studies, the link between

AlphaFold model has reshaped biological research. However, vast unstructured data in the entire AlphaFold field requires further analysis to fully understand the current research landscape and guide future exploration. Thus, this scientometric analysis aimed to identify critical research clusters, track emerging trends, and highlight underexplored areas in this field by utilizing machine-learning-driven

Ewing sarcoma (ES) poses a significant therapeutic challenge due to the difficulty in targeting its main oncodriver, EWS::FLI1. We show that pharmacological targeting of the EWS::FLI1 transcriptional complex via inhibition of P300/CBP drives a global transcriptional outcome similar to direct knockdown of EWS::FLI1, and furthermore yields prognostic risk factors for ES patient outcome. We find that

Understanding the resistance mechanisms of tumor is crucial for advancing cancer therapies. The prospective MATCH-R trial (NCT02517892), led by Gustave Roussy, aimed to characterize resistance mechanisms to cancer treatments through molecular analysis of fresh tumor biopsies. This report presents the genomic data analysis of the MATCH-R study conducted from 2015 to 2022 and focuses on targeted therapies

Correction: Mol Cancer 23, 188 (2024) https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02102-y Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error in Fig. 3 wherein the labeling of NAC1 and GAPDH blots were mistakenly swapped. The correct and incorrect figures are given below. Incorrect Figure 3: Correct Figure 3: Ngule C, Shi R, Ren X, et al. NAC1 promotes stemness and regulates myeloid-derived

Correction:Mol Cancer 13, 71 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-4598-13-71 Published: 24 March 2014 After the publication of this article, the publisher was alerted to an apparent panel duplication and frameshift in Fig. 4B migration (ii) SKBR3-LR NC mimic and 4 C invasion (ii) SKBR3-LR NC mimic. Because the issue was detected ten years after publication, the original images for the study are no longer

Hepatic, biliary, and pancreatic cancer pose significant challenges in the field of digestive system diseases due to their highly malignant nature. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gained attention as a potential therapeutic approach with long-standing use in China and well-recognized clinical benefits. In this review, we systematically summarized the clinical applications of TCM that have shown

Intestinal cancer (IC) poses a significant global health challenge that drives continuous efforts to explore effective treatment modalities. Conventional treatments for IC are effective, but are associated with several limitations and drawbacks. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) plays an important role in the overall cancer prevention and therapeutic strategies. Recent years have seen a growing body of