This narrative review addresses conventional diagnostic criteria used in clinical practice to discriminate between periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Visual examination of the color and texture of the periodontal tissues, assessment of plaque deposits, periodontal probing assessments, and diagnostic imaging enable the collation of information to make a periodontal diagnosis, followed by an appropriate treatment plan. The periodontal probe is an essential diagnostic tool to assess probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and the degree of furcation involvement at multirooted teeth. When clinical signs and symptoms of periodontitis are identified, diagnostic imaging enables evaluation of the level and extent of bone destruction and bone defect morphology. The diagnostic process requires clinicians who are trained to evaluate, record, and interpret these measures. This narrative review focuses on conventional clinical diagnostic parameters which, despite their limitations, are considered the current standard of care.

中文翻译：

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牙周病（牙菌斑引起的牙龈炎和牙周炎）的常规诊断标准。


这篇叙述性综述讨论了临床实践中用于区分牙周健康、牙龈炎和牙周炎的传统诊断标准。牙周组织颜色和质地的目视检查、牙菌斑沉积物的评估、牙周探查评估和诊断成像可以整理信息以进行牙周诊断，然后制定适当的治疗计划。牙周探针是评估探诊深度、临床附着水平、探诊出血以及多根牙分叉受累程度的重要诊断工具。当确定牙周炎的临床体征和症状时，诊断成像可以评估骨破坏的水平和程度以及骨缺损形态。诊断过程需要经过培训的临床医生来评估、记录和解释这些测量结果。本叙述性综述重点关注传统的临床诊断参数，尽管有其局限性，但仍被认为是当前的护理标准。