ImportanceElevated lipoprotein(a) increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and aortic stenosis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of zerlasiran, a small-interfering RNA targeting hepatic synthesis of apolipoprotein(a), on lipoprotein(a) serum concentration.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA multicenter trial in patients with stable ASCVD with serum lipoprotein(a) concentrations

ImportanceMuvalaplin inhibits lipoprotein(a) formation. A 14-day phase 1 study demonstrated that muvalaplin was well tolerated and reduced lipoprotein(a) levels up to 65%. The effect of longer administration of muvalaplin on lipoprotein(a) levels in individuals at high cardiovascular risk remains uncertain.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of muvalaplin on lipoprotein(a) levels and to assess safety

Importance Success rates of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) are modest for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). Additional linear ablation beyond PVI has not been proved superior to PVI alone in randomized trials. Ethanol infusion of the vein of Marshall (EIVOM) facilitates ablation at the mitral isthmus and may lead to improved effectiveness of a linear ablation strategy. Objective To determine whether

This JAMA Insights explores harm reduction strategies for people who use drugs and the clinicians who treat them to help reduce the risk of unintentional drug overdose and infection.

This study compares differences in caregiver-reported hospice quality across categories of ownership, including for-profit private equity firm (PEF)/publicly traded company (PTC)–owned and non-PEF/PTC–owned hospices as well as not-for-profit–owned hospices.

This Viewpoint summarizes how the US Preventive Services Task Force specifies target populations for its recommendations and highlights 3 problems—including exacerbation of health inequities—posed by the proposed use of more complex risk models to better identify target populations and increase effectiveness and efficiency of prevention efforts (“precision prevention”).

ImportancePolycythemia vera (PV), a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by an increased red blood cell mass and increased risk of thrombosis, affects approximately 65 000 people in the US, with an annual incidence of 0.5 to 4.0 cases per 100 000 persons.ObservationsErythrocytosis (hemoglobin >16.5 mg/dL in men or >16.0 mg/dL in women) is a required diagnostic criterion, although thrombocytosis

This JAMA Insights explores how clinicians can use the harm reduction communication framework to engage with patients who have opioid use disorder, which could help prevent overdose and other substance use–related harms.

Importance Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for coronary heart disease (CHD) are a growing clinical and commercial reality. Whether existing scores provide similar individual-level assessments of disease susceptibility remains incompletely characterized. Objective To characterize the individual-level agreement of CHD PRSs that perform similarly at the population level. Design, Setting, and Participants

This Medical News article is an interview with Sarah C. Hull, MD, MBE, a cardiologist and clinical ethicist at Yale School of Medicine, about appropriate boundaries for use of artificial intelligence in clinical settings.

While watching the 2024 election night results and considering possible health care policies, a pediatrician reflects on his role in engaging in conversations about politics and policy as an advocate for patients.

In this narrative medicine essay, a family planning fellow discusses how undergoing an abortion, the procedure she specializes in performing, has deepened her perception of the concept of the difficult components of choice and helped her understand the difference in providing vs experiencing care.

This study investigates trends in hospitalization and liver transplant rates in the US from 2005 to 2021 associated with alcohol-induced liver disease.

This Viewpoint discusses a sector-wide approach to hepatitis C virus elimination, including not only jails and prisons, but also community supervision and alternatives to incarceration programs.

ImportanceStandard care for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly viremic mothers consists of maternal antiviral prophylaxis beginning at gestational week 28 combined with an HBV vaccine series and HBV immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. However, HBIG is unavailable in some resource-limited areas.ObjectiveTo determine whether initiating tenofovir disoproxil

This study assesses artemisinin partial resistance, Pfkelch13 variations, and malaria recrudescence in Ugandan children with complicated malaria.

This study evaluates representation of older adults, women, and people of Black race and Hispanic ethnicity in Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services national coverage determination (NCD) and coverage with evidence development (CED)–approved studies.

ImportancePediatric patients with cancer commonly experience severely bothersome symptoms. The effectiveness of routine symptom screening with symptom feedback and symptom management care pathways is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether thrice-weekly symptom screening with symptom feedback and management care pathways, compared with usual care, improves overall self-reported symptom scores measured

This Viewpoint discusses the health benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs); summarizes the clinical, policy, and equity implications of GLP-1 RA discontinuation; and calls for the identification and implementation of strategies to improve long-term adherence to GLP-1 RA therapy.

Importance Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common adverse outcome in extremely preterm infants born at less than 28 weeks' gestation. Systemic corticosteroids are effective against BPD but may be associated with adverse outcomes. Corticosteroids given directly into the lungs may be effective and safer. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of early intratracheal corticosteroid administration

This Viewpoint discusses enrollment in Medicare Advantage vs traditional Medicare among older adults and common reasons for plan disenrollment, including the lack of in-network physicians and hospitals.

ImportanceCalcific aortic stenosis (AS) restricts the aortic valve opening during systole due to calcification and fibrosis of either a congenital bicuspid or a normal trileaflet aortic valve. In the US, AS affects 1% to 2% of adults older than 65 years and approximately 12% of adults older than 75 years. Worldwide, AS leads to more than 100 000 deaths annually.ObservationsCalcific AS is characterized

This Medical News article discusses the first high-level meeting on antimicrobial resistance at the United Nations since 2016 and a new report on the global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance.

This Medical News article is an interview with National Academy of Sciences President Marcia McNutt, PhD, and JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, about responsible use of generative AI for scientific research.

This study analyzes the extent and persistence of payments to physicians from competing manufacturers after receipt of payment from manufacturers of first-in-class products entering 6 novel therapeutic classes.

This JAMA Insights discusses the important role that interpreters play in facilitating communication between patients with limited English-language proficiency and their health care team and provides steps that can be taken to improve communication with remote interpreters for patients.

In this narrative medicine essay, a medical student discusses the challenges of conveying her grandmother’s feelings to her physician while serving as an interpreter for her grandparents’ clinic visits.

A 30-year-old nulliparous woman with obesity and history of migraines and depression had 1 month of daily headaches, transient bilateral visual blurring, persistent vision loss in the temporal region of one eye, pulsatile tinnitus, and mild bilateral papilledema. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?