Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play crucial roles in aging. In this National Institutes on Aging-funded study, we sought to identify circulating extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers indicative of longevity. The plasma EV proteome of 48 older adults (mean age 77.2 ± 1.7 years [range 72–80]; 50% female, 50% Black, 50% < 2-year survival, 50% ≥ 10-year survival) was analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry

The geroscience hypothesis proposes that underlying biological processes, such as the accumulation of senescent cells, have deleterious effects on multiple tissues and increase the risk of many chronic conditions with aging. Senescent cells produce heterogenous biomarkers, also called senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Circulating concentrations of senescence biomarkers may reflect an

Digital technology interventions (DTIs) are seen as promising interventions to prevent or delay cognitive decline in older adults, yet evidence from reviews is not conclusive. The aim of this study is to explore the effectiveness of DTIs in improving older adults’ cognitive function while taking study design and intervention characteristics as moderators. We searched the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO

Mosaic loss of Y chromosome (mLOY) is an acquired condition wherein a sizeable proportion of an organ’s cells have lost their Y. Large-scale cohort studies have shown that mLOY is age-dependent and a strong risk factor for all-cause mortality and adverse outcomes of age-related diseases. Emerging multi-omics approaches that combine gene expression, epigenetic and mutational profiling of human LOY cell

Ovarian aging is characterized by declines in follicular reserve and the emergence of mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, inflammation, and fibrosis, which eventually results in menopause. Menopause is associated with increased systemic aging and the development of numerous comorbidities; therefore, the attenuation of ovarian aging could also delay systemic aging processes

Many aspects of inflammation increase with aging in mice and humans. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that many murine anti-aging interventions produce lower levels of pro-inflammatory proteins. Here, we explore the hypothesis that different longevity interventions diminish NF-κB levels, potentially mediating some of the anti-inflammatory benefits of lifespan-extending interventions. We found that

The present study explored for the first time the blood-based proteomic signature that could potentially distinguish older adults with and without cognitive frailty (CF). The participants were recruited under the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study. Cognition and physical frailty were determined using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Fried’s criteria, respectively. The

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key regulator of metabolism and cardiovascular health. However, its upregulation in aging and age-related disorders suggests the presence of FGF21 resistance. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying senescence-associated FGF21 resistance in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to explore potential therapeutic interventions. Transcriptomic

Cognitive aging is described as the age-related decline in areas such as memory, executive function, reasoning, and processing speed. Super-Agers, adults over 80 years old, have cognitive function performance comparable to middle-aged adults. To improve cognitive reserve and potentially decrease Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk, it is essential to contrast changes in regional brain volumes between “Positive-Agers”

Age-associated loss of muscle mass and function and subsequent mobility decline define poor health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and mortality risk. The rate and extent of aging-related muscle loss varies across older adults. It is challenging to understand the molecular pathogenesis of mobility decline, as anthropometric and imaging techniques, primarily used in muscle function assessment, do

Global average life expectancy has steadily increased over the last several decades and is projected to reach ~ 77 years by 2050. As it stands, the number of people > 60 years currently outnumbers children younger than 5 years, and by 2050, it is anticipated that the global population of people aged > 60 years will double, surpassing 2.1 billion. This demographic shift in our population is expected

Frailty is characterized by loss of physical function and is preferably diagnosed at an early stage (e.g., during pre-frailty). Unfortunately, sensitive tools that can aid early detection are lacking. Blood-based biomarkers, reflecting pathophysiological adaptations before physical symptoms become apparent, could be such tools. We identified candidate biomarkers using a mechanism-based computational

Frailty is a complex condition characterized by a decline in multiple physiological systems, compromising an individual’s ability to maintain homeostasis. The onset and progression of frailty are linked to negative health outcomes such as disability, hospitalization, and mortality. To better understand frailty mechanisms, animal models have become valuable due to their accessibility to critical tissues

Cognitive frailty is considered a clinical entity associated with a high risk for adverse health outcomes. However, its clinical significance remains poorly understood. This study investigated the association between cognitive frailty and risk for functional disability among community-dwelling older adults. In total, 1,597 Japanese adults aged ≥ 65 years that were free of dementia and functional disability

The prevalence of hypertension increases with age and is the leading modifiable risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. At present, the neural mechanisms promoting hypertension across the lifespan are incompletely understood. Using the Sprague–Dawley (SD) rat as a model of normal aging, we hypothesized (1) blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neuroinflammation in the paraventricular

The Damaraland mole-rat (DMR; Fukomys damarensis) is a long-lived (~ 20 years) Bathyergid rodent that diverged 26 million years ago from its close relative, the naked mole-rat (NMR). While the properties of NMR cultured fibroblasts have been extensively studied and have revealed several unusual features of this cancer-resistant, long-lived species, comparative DMR studies are extremely limited. We

Cognitive aging has become a public health concern as the mean age of the population is ever-increasing. It is a naturalistic and common process of degenerative and compensatory changes that may result in neurocognitive disorders. While heterogeneous, cognitive aging mostly affects executive functions that may be associated with functional losses during activities of daily living. Cognition-oriented

With a growing elderly population in the European Union, age-related diseases associated with unhealthy aging pose increasing public health challenges, including a loss of independence and heightened societal burdens. The Semmelweis Study, a prospective occupational cohort study in Hungary, seeks to identify determinants of unhealthy aging, focusing on the complex relationship between lifestyle, environmental

Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) is a highly conserved water-channel protein, found to be expressed by astrocytes in adult humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Upregulation of cortical AQP1 expression occurs with cancer, injury, and neurodegenerative disease, but minimal information is available about the effects of normative aging on AQP1 expression. This study leverages tissues from the oldest-old rhesus macaques

The impact of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the preferred nomenclature for NAFLD, on cardiovascular health and mortality among older adults is uncertain. As such, we aimed to identify whether MASLD increases the risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) (a composite of fatal coronary heart disease [excluding heart failure], nonfatal myocardial infarction

Life satisfaction predicts lower risk of adverse health outcomes, including morbidity and mortality. Research on life satisfaction and risk of dementia has been limited by a lack of comprehensive clinical assessments of dementia. This study builds on previous research examining life satisfaction and clinically ascertained cognitive impairment and dementia. Participants (N = 23070; Meanage = 71.83,

Obesity is a significant modifiable risk factor for dementia. This study aims to quantify the global impact of obesity on dementia burden and examine how national strategies for managing overweight/obesity and dietary factors influence dementia prevalence and mortality, with a focus on sex-specific differences. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) and World Health Organization (WHO)

Cerebral pericytes are mural cells covering brain microvessels, organized as ensheathing, mesh and thin-strand pericytes. These latter two, together called capillary pericytes, have low levels of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), regulating basal vascular tone and applying a slow influence on cerebral blood flow. Pericytes are subject to alterations in ageing which may be even more pronounced in age-related

Complex lipids, essential components in biological processes, exhibit conserved age-related changes that alter membrane properties and cellular functions and are implicated as biomarkers and contributors to longevity and age-related diseases. While physical activity alleviates age-related comorbidities and physical impairments, comprehensive exploration of the underlying biological mechanisms, particularly

The lifestyle patterns of top athletes are highly disciplined, featuring strict exercise regimens, nutrition plans, and mental preparation, often beginning at a young age. Recently, it was shown that physically active individuals exhibit slowed epigenetic aging and better age-related outcomes. Here, we investigate whether the extreme intensity of physical activity of Olympic champions still has a beneficial

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a complex polygenic neurodegenerative disorder. Its genetic risk’s relationship with all-cause dementia may be influenced by the plasma proteome. Up to 40,139 UK Biobank participants aged ≥ 50y at baseline assessment (2006–2010) were followed-up for ≤ 15 y for dementia incidence. Plasma proteomics were performed on a sub-sample of UK Biobank participants (k = 1,463 plasma

Recently, a deep learning algorithm (DLA) has been developed to predict the chronological age from retinal images. The Retinal Age Gap (RAG), a deviation between predicted age from retinal images (Retinal Age, RA) and chronological age, correlates with mortality and age-related diseases. This study evaluated the reliability and accuracy of RA predictions and analyzed various factors that may influence

Non-essential amino acids are often overlooked in biomedical research; however, they are crucial components of organismal metabolism. One such metabolite that is integral to physiological function is serine. Serine acts as a pivotal link connecting glycolysis with one-carbon and lipid metabolism, as well as with pyruvate and glutathione syntheses. Interestingly, increasing evidence suggests that serine

There is a critical need to generate age- and sex-specific survival curves to characterize chronological aging consistently across nonhuman primates (NHP) used in biomedical research. Sex-specific Kaplan–Meier survival curves were computed in 12 translational aging models: baboon, bonnet macaque, chimpanzee, common marmoset, coppery titi monkey, cotton-top tamarin, cynomolgus macaque, Japanese macaque

Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan in diverse species, from yeast to mammals. However, its underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, through using the tractable model Caenorhabditis elegans, we show a role for the DEAD-box RNA helicase, DDX-23 (homologous to mammal DDX23) as a regulator of healthspan in response to dietary restriction. Meanwhile, DDX-23 is also required for

The diagnosis of dehydration among older patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) remains a clinical challenge. We aimed to assess the prevalence of dehydration in hospitalized older adults with OD and its relationship with other comorbidities. This is a cross-sectional study involving hospitalized older patients (≥ 70 years) with OD, assessed for OD using the Volume-Viscosity Swallowing Test. Treatment

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disease, characterized by movement disorders and non-motor symptoms like cognitive impairment and depression. Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and Lewy bodies have long been considered as main neuropathological changes. However, recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that white matter lesions (WMLs)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents a major public health issue, claiming numerous lives. This study aimed to demonstrate the advantages of employing artificial intelligence (AI) models to improve the prediction of CVD risk using a large cohort of relatively healthy adults aged 70 years or more. In this study, deep learning (DL) models provide enhanced predictions (DeepSurv: C-index = 0.662, Integrated

Identifying early predictors of cognitive decline and at-risk individuals is essential for timely intervention and prevention of dementia. This study aimed to detect neurobiological changes and factors related to cognitive performance in the Metropolit 1953 Danish male birth cohort. We analyzed data from 582 participants, aged 57–68 years, using machine learning techniques to group cognitive trajectories

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and progressive neuronal damage. Recent research has highlighted the significant roles of the gut microbiota and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the pathogenesis of AD. This review explores the intricate interaction between gut microbiota and miRNAs, emphasizing their combined impact on Alzheimer’s progression. First

Given the increasing number of older adults in society, there is a growing need for studies on changes in the aging brain. The aim of this research is to investigate the effective connectivity of different age groups using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and graph theory. By examining connectivity in different age groups, a better understanding of age-related changes can

Epigenetic clocks, DNA methylation-based predictive models of chronological age, are often utilized to study aging associated biology. Despite their widespread use, these methods do not account for other factors that also contribute to the variability of DNA methylation data. For example, many CpG sites show strong sex-specific or cell-type-specific patterns that likely impact the predictions of epigenetic

Cellular senescence is involved in critical processes in tumor progression. Despite this potential relationship, the relationship between tumor cell senescence, prognostic significance, spread through air spaces (STAS), and tumor histology has not been investigated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We used the LUAD PanCancer Atlas dataset to assess senescence cell signature (SCS) based on the SenMayo

Identifying high-risk patients, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), enhances treatment and reduces severe outcomes. Since the pandemic, numerous studies have examined COVID-19 patient profiles and factors linked to increased mortality. Despite six pandemic waves, to the best of our knowledge, there is no extensive comparative analysis of patients’ characteristics across these waves in Portugal

Investigating brain-enriched proteins with machine learning methods may enable a brain-specific understanding of brain aging and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms and pathological pathways of dementia. The study aims to analyze associations of brain-specific plasma proteomic aging signature with risks of incident dementia. In 45,429 dementia-free UK Biobank participants at baseline, we

The availability of proteomics data in large, population-based cohort studies offers an unprecedented opportunity to understand the onset and progression of aging-related diseases and syndromes. We examined the proteomic signature of the onset of frailty and the progression to death among the prefrail and frail. A total of 2920 proteins were assayed using Olink among 43,895 participants (aged 39–70 years)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia, affects over 55 million people worldwide and is often accompanied by depression and anxiety. Both significantly impact patients’ quality of life and impose substantial societal and economic burdens on healthcare systems. Identifying the complex regulatory mechanisms that contribute to the psychological and emotional deficits in AD will provide

Several mouse lines with congenital growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis disruption have shown improved health and extended lifespan. The current study investigated how inactivating this axis, specifically during aging, impacts the healthspan. We used a tamoxifen-inducible global GH receptor (GHR) knockout mouse model starting at 12 months and followed the mice until 24 months

The mechanism underlying the possible causal association between long-term sleep disruption and Alzheimer’s disease remains unclear Musiek et al. 2015. A hypothesised pathway through increased brain amyloid load was not confirmed in previous work in our cohort of maritime pilots with long-term work-related sleep disruption Thomas et al. Alzheimer’s Res Ther 2020;12:101. Here, using functional MRI,