PURPOSE Visual impairment (VI) in working-age individuals significantly impacts public health and the economy. However, the avoidable causes, defined as cataract and refraction disorders, have not been extensively investigated. This study aims to quantify global trends, inequalities, and projections for avoidable VI among this demographic. DESIGN Retrospective, observational, population-based trend

OBJECTIVE Not all strabismus surgeons use prophylactic topical antibiotics postoperatively because they may be poorly tolerated, costly, and may increase antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of the study is to assess the effect of postoperative topical antibiotics on the rate of surgical site infections following strabismus surgery. DESIGN Retrospective clinical cohort study. PARTICIPANTS Patients

PURPOSE To report the long-term disease course of pentosan polysulfate (PPS) maculopathy following drug cessation. DESIGN Single-institution, prospective case series. METHODS 23 eyes of 12 participants seen at the Emory Eye Center with a diagnosis of PPS maculopathy were included in our study. Participants were enrolled between December 1, 2018, and December 1, 2019, and data were collected annually

OBJECTIVE This review article discusses investigational subretinal gene therapies for retinal vascular diseases, including AVA-101, an adeno-associated viral (AAV) 2 vector expressing soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 1, ABBV-RGX-314, an AAV8 vector expressing an anti-VEGF-A antibody fragment, and EXG102-031, an AAV8 vector expressing a recombinant protein that blocks VEGF

PURPOSE To describe clinical features, management, and outcomes of anterior segment dominated persistent fetal vasculature (aPFV) . DESIGN A secondary analysis of aPFV data from a longitudinal cohort study. METHODS The age and gender of each participant upon initial presentation, along with biological parameters, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and biomicroscopic assessments were collected. The

PURPOSE To determine the rate of visual field (VF) loss before and after the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS). DESIGN Pre-specified analyses of data collected prospectively in a clinical trial with extended follow-up. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants who developed POAG during OHTS 1 and 2 (February 1994 to December 2008) constitute

PURPOSE To determine if paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and peripapillary intraretinal and subretinal fluid (IRF/SRF) could help distinguish between arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (A-AION) and non-arteritic AION (NA-AION) at an early stage. DESIGN Nested prospective cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study. METHODS This study used single-center optical coherence tomography

PURPOSE To evaluate clinically relevant outcomes following suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection in eyes with noninfectious uveitis. DESIGN Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS 61 eyes (51 patients) who underwent suprachoroidal TA injection between January 1, 2022 and July 1, 2024 were included from a single institution. Main outcome measures included change in central

PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of subretinal gene therapy using AGTC-501 (rAAV2tYF-GRK1-RPGR) in male participants with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). DESIGN Phase 1/2, open-label, dose-escalation study. METHODS Setting: Four centers in the United States. Patient or Study Population: Twenty-nine males with XLRP and confirmed pathogenic RPGR variants. Mean age was 31.6 years (range

PURPOSE (1) To assess whether neural tissue structure and biomechanics could predict functional loss in glaucoma; (2) To evaluate the importance of biomechanics in making such predictions. DESIGN Clinic-based cross-sectional study. METHODS We recruited 238 glaucoma subjects (Chinese ethnicity, more than 50 years old). For one eye of each subject, we imaged the optic nerve head (ONH) using spectral-domain

PURPOSE To investigate treatment patterns of childhood glaucoma in the United States. DESIGN Retrospective clinical cohort study SUBJECTS: Patients under 18 years of age with a diagnosis code for glaucoma between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2020, in the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). METHODS Patient demographic information and clinical characteristics were extracted. A Cox regression

OBJECTIVE To investigate healthcare disparities associated with keratoconus (KCN) patients receiving treatment (collagen cross-linking (CXL) and keratoplasty), as well as comorbidities associated with KCN. DESIGN Retrospective clinical cohort study. SUBJECTS 3224 patients from the UI-Health database from 2020 to 2024, including 1612 patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis of KCN and 1612 ophthalmology patients

OBJECTIVE To compare costs between enucleation and plaque brachytherapy procedures for the treatment of intraocular malignancies. DESIGN Retrospective economic analysis using a time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) methodology. SUBJECTS Patients undergoing plaque brachytherapy and enucleation procedures for the treatment of intraocular malignancy performed at the University of Michigan Kellogg

PURPOSE Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common diagnosis in the ophthalmic genetics' clinic. Women with RP are often diagnosed during their reproductive years, posing significant challenges for family planning. The effects of pregnancy on RP progression is a frequently unanswered concern for these patients. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SUBJECTS Women who attended Moorfields Eye Hospital

PURPOSE To assess the safety and efficacy of phakic implantable collamer lenses (ICLs) in patients with keratoconus. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted a pre- and post-intervention single-arm systematic review and meta-analysis in line with guidelines from the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020

PURPOSE To develop and validate a pachymetry-based machine learning index for differentiating keratoconus, keratoconus suspect, and normal corneas. DESIGN Development and validation of a machine learning diagnostic algorithm. METHODS This retrospective study included 349 eyes of 349 patients with normal, frank keratoconus (KC), and keratoconus suspect (KCS) corneas. KCS corneas included topographi

PURPOSE Most patients with retinal vascular disease require chronic, regular treatments to maximize visual potential. This places a challenging burden on the patient and is one reason why real-world visual outcomes often lag the results seen in clinical trials. REVIEW Sustained drug delivery devices have long been considered one way to alleviate this difficulty. In particular, devices with refillable

PURPOSE To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between visual impairment (VI) and falls in United States older adults. DESIGN Retrospective cross-sectional and cohort study. METHODS This study utilized data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study 2021 and 2022. Participants were Medicare beneficiaries ≥71 years. Exposures were any VI - defined as distance or near VI (>0

PURPOSE To investigate the comparative efficacy and safety of half-dose photodynamic therapy (PDT) and half-fluence PDT in the management of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (cCSCR). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, covering publications from January 2000 to March 2024. The

PURPOSE Establishing associations between structure, function, and clinical outcomes in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) remains an unmet need. This study aims to (1) cross-sectionally investigate the relationships between optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers and quantitative contrast sensitivity function (qCSF)-measured contrast sensitivity (CS), and (2) longitudinally

To gauge the efficacy and safety of performing a one-stage endoscopic orbital decompression procedure combined with the intraoperative relaxed medial rectus muscle (MR) positioning technique as a means of treating esotropia associated with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO).

Sex bias remains a pervasive reality in academic medicine, often reflected in subtle linguistic choices, which can skew perceptions of competence and perpetuate workplace inequity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between host sex, speaker sex, and speaker introduction practices in ophthalmology grand rounds events.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic and healthcare access factors with self-reported diabetic retinopathy (DR) prevalence in a nationally representative sample of the United States.

PURPOSE Growing interest in microperimetry (MP) or fundus-controlled perimetry (FCP) as targeted psychometric testing method in geographic atrophy (GA) is warranted due to the disease subclinical/extra-foveal appearance or preexisting foveal loss with visual acuity becoming unreliable. We provide comprehensive pointwise test-retest repeatability reference values on the most widely used MP devices and

To highlight innovations in ophthalmic oncology through histiocytosis advancements.

PURPOSE To compare 7 AI-based IOL power calculation formulas in extremely long eyes DESIGN: : Retrospective accuracy and validity analysis. METHODS SETTING: Kyiv Clinical Ophthalmology Hospital Eye Microsurgery Center, Ukraine STUDY POPULATION: : Patients with highly myopic eyes, who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: Prior to cataract surgery IOL power was calculated

This study aimed to evaluate the humanistic burden of noninfectious uveitis (NIU).

To provide a perspective on the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients using a combination of sustained drug delivery strategies and remote monitoring technology.

To compare the efficacy of circumferential gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) vs hemi-GATT in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).

To assess the prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) usage policies in manuscript writing in PubMed-indexed ophthalmology journals and examine the relationship between the adoption of these policies and journal characteristics.

PRPH2-associated retinal diseases (PARD) result from pathogenic PRPH2 variants, primarily affecting photoreceptor outer segments and retinal pigment epithelium. The focus of this article is to review and discuss the phenotyping of PARD subtypes.

PURPOSE Pleiotropic cardiovascular benefits of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been demonstrated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus due to vascular remodeling effects. It is unclear whether a similar benefit may be seen for glaucoma. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of SGLT2i on the risk of glaucoma in patients with type 2 diabetes. DESIGN Target trial

To evaluate the objective and subjective visual quality 3 months after femtosecond laser–assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) performed with Q-value–guided optimized monovision scheme (Custom-Q) for correction of myopia with or without astigmatism and compensate for age-related accommodation deficiency.

To examine the association between topical pilocarpine and the risk of new-onset rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

To compare the effectiveness and safety of the Paul glaucoma implant (PGI) to the Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) in managing refractory childhood glaucoma.

To investigate postoperative pain variations in vitreoretinal surgeries conducted with combined regional-general anesthesia or general anesthesia.

To evaluate the utility of extended field swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (SS-OCTA) imaging biomarkers in predicting the occurrence of clinically significant outcomes in eyes with Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR).

To compare interindividual differences in visual performance of an advanced monofocal with a nondiffractive extended depth of focus intraocular lens (IOL) using a mini-monovision approach.

To compare the clinical outcomes of early pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) versus delayed PPV in patients with first episode of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).

Investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in an African ancestry cohort from the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study.

This study compared two imaging grading techniques to assess the utility of longitudinal image-based analysis in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening: (1) time-limited without image comparison (a proxy for bedside indirect ophthalmoscopy, termed sBIO) and time-unlimited with image comparison (for telemedicine grading, termed TELE) screening. We tested two hypotheses: (1) H1: TELE was superior

To assess the photoreceptor mosaic in patients with idiopathic full-thickness macular hole (MH) before and after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with adaptive optics enhanced retinal imaging (AO).

To examine rates of submacular hemorrhage in patients undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections, comparing rates between specific anti-VEGF agents.

To investigate the potential factors related to variability of alignment in childhood concomitant strabismus.

To investigate the risk factors for corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) loss of 2 types of iris-fixated phakic intraocular lenses (pIOL) and indicate the cutoff values for preventing irreversible ECD loss after explantation.

Myopic traction maculopathy (MTM) is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness, particularly in Asian populations. With the global burden of myopia on the rise, understanding effective treatment options is crucial. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy of macular buckling in the management of MTM.

To compare the efficacy of two botulinum toxin (BoNT) injection methods, pretarsal (PT) combined with preseptal (PS) injection (PT-PS) and conventional PT injection, in the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm (BEB).

To determine the association between dry eye disease (DED) and mental health conditions in a sociodemographically diverse nationwide population of Americans.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) in delaying the progression of high myopes with –6.00 diopters (D) or worse.