PURPOSE To assess efficacy and safety of URO-902, an investigational gene therapy expressing the α subunit of the large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel, in a phase 2a placebo-controlled trial in women with overactive bladder (OAB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Women, 40‒79 years, with OAB and urge urinary incontinence (UUI) who were refractory to OAB medications were randomized to single-dose URO-902

INTRODUCTION Balancing surgical margins and functional outcomes is crucial during radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Stimulated Raman Histology (SRH) is a novel, real-time imaging technique that provides histologic images of fresh, unprocessed, and unstained tissue within minutes, which can be interpreted by either humans or artificial intelligence. METHODS Twenty-two participants underwent

PURPOSE Patients with refractory neurogenic bladder dysfunction may require urinary reconstruction due to severe incontinence, difficulty with catheterization, and to prevent upper urinary tract compromise. We evaluated long-term decisional regret and associated factors following urinary reconstruction in spinal cord injury patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We interviewed patients with spinal cord injuries

PURPOSE Ureteral stents are commonly placed intraoperatively during radical cystectomy, though their efficacy in reducing complications is unproven. We compared clinical outcomes among patients undergoing robot-assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal ileal conduit (RARC-IC) with or without ureteral stents to determine if omission of ureteral stents affects postoperative complications. MATERIALS

PURPOSE Endoscopic management (EM) is an increasingly accepted option for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Feasibility can be dependent on a variety of variables. The objective of this study was to identify anatomic and phenotypic tumor characteristics that impact EM, using structured expert forecasting, develop and obtain consensus on an assessment score, and perform initial validation of

PURPOSE Genitourinary rhabdomyosarcoma (GU-RMS) often requires multimodal therapy treatment including radiation, chemotherapy, and radical surgery for disease control. The long-term effects of the disease and associated treatments are unclear. We sought to investigate the long-term genitourinary quality of life for adult survivors of pediatric GU-RMS. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 14 subjects (43%

PURPOSE To determine whether the difference between MRI-based and ultrasound (US)-based volume measurements are associated with MRI/US-targeted fusion-guided biopsy outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective, single-center study involved 4177 consecutive patients biopsied between 2010 and 2023 using both MRI/US-targeted fusion and systematic biopsy. Biopsies were indicated because of elevated

INTRODUCTION Assessments in medical education play a central role in evaluating trainees' progress and eventual competence. Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is finding an increasing role in clinical care and medical education. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of the large language model ChatGPT to generate exam questions that are discriminating in the evaluation of graduating

PURPOSE We developed prediction models for severe pain and urinary symptoms after ureteroscopy with ureteral stent placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS The development cohort included 424 adults and adolescents enrolled in the multicenter STENTS prospective cohort study who underwent ureteroscopy with stent placement for urinary stones. The validation cohort was an independent prospective cohort of 115

PURPOSE To create and validate an anterior urethral stricture disease (aUSD) staging system based on the previously validated Length (L), Urethral Segment (S), and Etiology (E, LSE) classification system. MATERIALS/METHODS The Trauma and Urologic Reconstruction Network of Surgeons (TURNS) prospective database was used to create and validate the staging system. A novel Urethroplasty Triad Score (UTS)

PURPOSE Renal ultrasounds are performed in patients with myelomeningocele to screen for markers of kidney health, including hydronephrosis. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of hydronephrosis to screen for low kidney function defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from 2 cohorts of children and youth

PURPOSE To assess the diagnostic prevalence, incidence, diagnostic age, and surgical volume of hypospadias in Denmark. MATERIALS AND METHODS Males with a hypospadias diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry (n=10,276) were identified (1977-2019). A diagnostic algorithm, validated via medical file review (n=1,710), confirmed diagnoses and severity (distal/proximal). The yearly prevalence (live-born

PURPOSE Postoperative prognostic tools allow for improved prediction of future recurrence risk, patient counseling, and assessment of eligibility for adjuvant treatments and ensure appropriate follow-up surveillance. The purpose of this analysis was to validate existing prognostic models for patients with kidney cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Canadian Kidney Cancer information system is a prospective

PURPOSE To describe and develop predictors for spontaneous resolution of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) from early ultrasound measures. METHODS Children referred to our institution between 2007 and 2023 for POM were reviewed. POM was defined as hydroureteronephrosis with ureteral dilatation >7mm. We excluded patients with other etiologies for upper tract dilatation. Resolution was defined as

BACKGROUND Perioperative blood transfusion has been reported in > 50% of patients undergoing Radical cystectomy (RC). Unfortunately, perioperative blood transfusion in patients undergoing RC has been associated with poor oncological outcomes. Tranexamic acid (TXA) use has been proposed to decrease the need for perioperative blood transfusion. Here, we seek to investigate the impact of intraoperative

PURPOSE The BlueWind Medical Device, Revi®, is a novel implantable tibial neuromodulation system powered by an external, battery-operated wearable that facilitates individually tailored stimulation to provide treatment for urgency urinary incontinence (i.e., overactive bladder wet). The Revi System is the first FDA-cleared implantable neuromodulation device which can be used without prior failure with

PURPOSE To evaluate long-term outcomes of primary chemoablation using a mitomycin reverse thermal gel (UGN-101) in patients with low-grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who participated in the OLYMPUS trial (TC-UT-03, NCT02793128) and achieved a complete response (CR) after 6-weekly doses of UGN-101 were followed up to 12 months after initial CR. Those with CR at

PURPOSE Alternative, noninvasive, cost-effective methods to complement or serve as substitutes to current standard-of-care (SOC) procedures in NMIBC follow-up are needed. Uromonitor is a urine biomarker test detecting bladder cancer recurrence through the screening of TERT, FGFR3, and KRAS hotspot mutations. The aim of this study was to assess Uromonitor performance by comparing it with the current

PURPOSE The contribution of 11-oxygenated androgens to the progression of lethal prostate cancer (PCa) remains unresolved. We hypothesized that evaluating circulating levels of 11-oxygenated androgens, such as the androgen receptor agonist 11-ketotestosterone (11KT), could serve as a potential predictor of the onset of castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). METHODS We used mass spectrometry to quantify 11-oxygenated

PURPOSE Identifying factors associated with emergency visits that could be delivered at lower cost sites may help guide population health strategies for pediatric patients with spina bifida. MATERIALS AND METHODS Emergency department encounters (2016-2023) by patients with spina bifida (younger than 18 years) in the Pediatric Health Information System were identified. Absence of clinical and imaging

PURPOSE We aimed to assess long-term use of continent catheterizable urinary channels (CCCs) and explore potential risk factors of disuse. MATERIALS AND METHODS People undergoing appendicovesicostomy and Monti procedures at our institution were retrospectively reviewed (1991-2023). The main outcome was CCC disuse (not intermittently catheterizing channels as the primary method of bladder emptying)

PURPOSE Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is the procedure of choice for the management of complex or large renal stones. A major challenge for the surgeon, however, is the need to assimilate the nearly 2000 static images from a CT scan into a functional mental image to enable surgical planning. Accordingly, we investigated the potential of immersive virtual reality (iVR) to enhance surgical planning

PURPOSE Current occupational recommendations limit fetal radiation dose to 1 mSv. With increased gender diversity in urology, understanding radiation exposure during pregnancy is crucial. The purpose of this study was to determine surgeon uterine radiation dose during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and compare effectiveness of several radiation reduction strategies in a cadaver model. MATERIALS

PURPOSE Patients with Ta low-grade (LG) NMIBC rarely develop metastases or die of it. Long-term data are scant and length of follow-up poorly defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 521 patients diagnosed with primary TaLG NMIBC (n = 491) or papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (n = 30) from 1989 to 2019 at an academic center. Patient data were acquired

PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of UGN-102 chemoablation for the primary treatment of patients with recurrent low-grade intermediate-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS ENVISION is an ongoing, multinational, single-arm, Phase 3 study in patients with a biopsy-proven recurrence of untreated low-grade intermediate-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Patients

PURPOSE As the prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) increases, the demand for surgical interventions that optimize patient outcomes while minimizing complications grows. This systematic review compares the efficacy, efficiency, and safety of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) with robotic-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP), providing insights for evidence-based surgical

PURPOSE There are limited data on PSMA PET/CT for workup of recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) at low PSA values. We evaluated a PSMA PET/CT cohort of patients with post-RP, focusing on patients with PSA < 0.5 ng/mL. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified a retrospective cohort who underwent piflufolastat F-18 PSMA PET/CT across an 11 hospital system from July 2021 to February 2023. Prostate-specific

PURPOSE Significant concerns remain regarding the long-term outcomes of AMS 800 artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implants in men. The objective was to assess the long-term AUS reintervention (replacement or removal) rates after a first-ever AUS implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This population-based retrospective cohort study included all men age ≥ 18 years in France who underwent a first-ever

PURPOSE We aimed to use a validated artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to extract muscle and adipose areas from CT images before radical cystectomy (RCx) and then correlate these measures with 90-day post-RCx complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A tertiary referral center's cystectomy registry was queried for patients who underwent RCx between 2009 and 2017 for bladder cancer. Eight hundred forty-three

PURPOSE Serial biopsy is a mainstay for patients on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer. multiparametric MRI targeting has become a standard. It is unclear whether targeted biopsy alone reliably identifies the dominant lesion, thereby obviating the need for systematic sampling. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants enrolled in AS with early-stage prostate cancer (PSA <20, cT1-2, GG1-2) and underwent

PURPOSE There are few markers to identify those likely to recur or progress after treatment with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). We developed and validated artificial intelligence-based histologic assays that extract interpretable features from transurethral resection of bladder tumor digitized pathology images to predict risk of recurrence, progression, development of BCG-unresponsive

PURPOSE We compare Fournier gangrene in female and male patients and identify mortality-associated characteristics in both. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used National Inpatient Sample data (2016-2020) to identify Fournier gangrene cases and extracted demographic, comorbidity, and procedural variables. Multivariable regression models were used to identify mortality risk factors for both cohorts. RESULTS

PURPOSE Men diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) considering active surveillance (AS) are recommended confirmatory biopsy (CBx). Whether this is necessary in the era of MRI-informed biopsies is questionable. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied men with Grade Group (GG) 1 PCa at diagnostic biopsy (DBx) considering AS who underwent MRI and CBx (systematic + targeted) within 18 months. Outcomes were grade

PURPOSE Patients treated with radical cystectomy experience a high rate of postoperative complications and frequent hospital readmissions. We sought to explore the utility of the Care Assessment Need (CAN) score, derived from electronic health data, to estimate the risk of these adverse clinical outcomes, thereby aiding patient counseling and informed treatment decision-making. MATERIALS AND METHODS

PURPOSE Urologists encounter multiple challenges in managing ureteral stones with ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy. This meta-analysis assesses the effectiveness of alternative surgical positioning, reverse Trendelenburg (RevTren) and Trendelenburg (Tren), in reducing stone migration and enhancing outcomes compared with standard dorsal lithotomy positioning. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review

PURPOSE Testosterone (T) therapy (TTh) in men with T deficiency who have undergone radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer remains controversial. We aimed to assess the impact of TTh on biochemical recurrence (BCR) rates after RP in men with low-intermediate organ-confined disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included men who underwent an RP at our institution for organ-confined prostate

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to assess safety and feasibility of percutaneous MR-guided placement of an implantable microdevice (IMD) to evaluate in situ intratumor response to multiple pharmacologic agents in men with intermediate-risk and high-risk localized prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Biocompatible IMDs measuring 750 µm in diameter and 5 mm in length were prepared with 20 reservoirs

PURPOSE The aim of this project was to characterize the incidence of men's health disorders, specifically focusing on the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and testosterone deficiency (TD) in a large, nationwide study of testicular cancer (TC) survivors treated in a centralized health care system. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of US veterans diagnosed with TC

PURPOSE To ensure that research on kidney stones provides meaningful impact for the kidney stone community, patients and caregivers should be engaged as stakeholders in clinical trial design, starting at study inception. This project aimed to elicit, refine, and prioritize research ideas from kidney stone stakeholders to develop a patient-centered research agenda for clinical trials. MATERIALS AND

PURPOSE A midline extraperitoneal approach for retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (EP-RPLND) has been associated with decreased morbidity compared to the transperitoneal approach. We aimed to review our 11-year experience in patients with germ cell tumors (GCTs) who underwent EP-RPLND at a single institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients with GCT who underwent EP-RPLND between 2010 and 2021

PURPOSE This study reports on a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, clinical trial utilizing the SonoMotion (San Mateo, California) Break Wave lithotripsy (BWL) device to fragment urinary stones. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with a urinary stone underwent a single treatment of 30 minutes and peak negative pressure of 4.5 to 8 MPa. Subjects were contacted and outcomes assessed at 7, 14, and 35 days