Inflammation is a complex physiological process that plays a pivotal role in many if not all pathological conditions, including infectious as well as inflammatory diseases, like periodontitis and autoimmune disorders. Inflammatory response to periodontal biofilms and tissue destruction in periodontitis is associated with the release of inflammatory mediators. Chronic inflammation can promote the development of cancer. Persistence of inflammatory mediators plays a crucial role in this process. Quantification and monitoring of the severity of inflammation in relation to cancer is essential. Periodontitis is mainly quantified based on the severity and extent of attachment loss and/or pocket probing depth, in addition with bleeding on probing. In recent years, studies started to investigate inflammation indices in association with periodontal diseases. To date, only few reviews have been published focusing on the relationship between blood cell count, inflammation indices, and periodontitis. This review presents a comprehensive overview of different systemic inflammation indices, their methods of measurement, and the clinical applications in relation to periodontitis and cancer. This review outlines the physiological basis of inflammation and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of the parameters described. Key inflammation indices are commonly utilized in periodontology such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. Inflammation indices like the platelet to lymphocyte ratio, platelet distribution width, plateletcrit, red blood cell distribution width, lymphocyte to monocyte ratio, delta neutrophil index, and the systemic immune inflammation index are also used in hospital settings and will be discussed. The clinical roles and limitations, relationship to systemic diseases as well as their association to periodontitis and treatment response are described.

中文翻译：

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与牙周炎和癌症相关的炎症指数


炎症是一个复杂的生理过程，在许多（如果不是全部）病理状况中发挥着关键作用，包括感染性疾病和炎症性疾病，如牙周炎和自身免疫性疾病。牙周炎中对牙周生物膜和组织破坏的炎症反应与炎症介质的释放有关。慢性炎症可以促进癌症的发展。炎症介质的持续存在在此过程中起着至关重要的作用。量化和监测与癌症相关的炎症的严重程度至关重要。牙周炎主要根据附着丧失的严重程度和范围和/或牙周袋探诊深度以及探诊出血来量化。近年来，研究开始调查与牙周疾病相关的炎症指标。迄今为止，只有少数评论关注血细胞计数、炎症指数和牙周炎之间的关系。本综述全面概述了不同的全身炎症指标、其测量方法以及与牙周炎和癌症相关的临床应用。本综述概述了炎症的生理基础以及所描述参数的潜在细胞和分子机制。牙周病学中常用的关键炎症指标，例如中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞的比率。血小板与淋巴细胞比率、血小板分布宽度、血小板压积、红细胞分布宽度、淋巴细胞与单核细胞比率、δ中性粒细胞指数和全身免疫炎症指数等炎症指数也在医院环境中使用，并将进行讨论。 描述了其临床作用和局限性、与全身性疾病的关系以及它们与牙周炎和治疗反应的关联。