Background: Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) can treat pain, dysfunction, and decreased activity secondary to hip dysplasia. Patients’ pre- and postoperative activity can be measured using the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score, a validated questionnaire. Understanding return to and maintenance of activity at long-term follow-up after PAO is a priority for active patients. Purpose:

Background Head acceleration is often used as a proxy measurement for concussion risk. It is unclear what factors contribute to head acceleration during a purposeful header. Objective The objective of this systematic is to identify what factors influence head acceleration during a header and highlight areas that have not been explored. Methods Studies were included if they assessed the effect of an

Background Resistance exercise training is an effective treatment strategy to counteract the age-related loss of muscle mass and strength in older adults. However, there is a large inter-individual variation in muscle fiber hypertrophy following resistance exercise training. It has been hypothesized that a less than optimal muscle fiber capillarization and perfusion capacity may compromise muscle hypertrophy

Background: The Ankle-GO is a composite outcome score based on 4 functional tests and 2 patient-reported outcome measures. It was initially described and validated for its ability to predict return to sports (RTS) at the same level of play after lateral ankle sprains. Purpose/Hypothesis: The main aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Ankle-GO in patients after Achilles

Background: Concomitant injuries after an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear differ between sports, which may be related to divergent loading patterns. Bone bruises (BBs) can provide insight into the biomechanical injury mechanism. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare BB patterns and concomitant injuries after noncontact ACL tears between pivoting sports athletes and alpine

Background Professional soccer players are advised to consume 3–8 g kg–1 body mass day–1 of carbohydrate (CHO) on the basis of training demands, fixture schedule and personal objectives. However, owing to the lack of randomized controlled trials on elite players, these guidelines largely rely on data interpretation and practitioner experience. Objective To identify the gaps in existing literature that

Since the late 20th century, school–university partnerships have been promoted as collaborative efforts in teacher education. Traditionally, in such partnerships, university teacher educators oversaw cooperating teachers who supervised pre-service teachers (PSTs) in a hierarchical structure. In parallel with a growing movement for teacher educators to adopt activist roles challenging societal oppressions

Field-based sport research involves studies that collect data from athletes and/or teams during competition and/or their daily training environments. Over the last decade, sport-specific field-based research projects have significantly increased in number and complexity, partially owing to the further development of more portable measurement equipment (e.g., indirect calorimetry, desktop blood/gas

Background In response to exercise, protein kinases and signaling networks are engaged to blunt homeostatic threats generated by acute contraction-induced increases in skeletal muscle energy and oxygen demand, as well as serving roles in the adaptive response to chronic exercise training to blunt future disruptions to homeostasis. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient exercise

While research on rural education has increased over the last decade, the focus on physical education (PE) in this body of knowledge is limited. The purpose of this scoping review was twofold: (1) to offer an overview of the international research on PE in rural schools, and (2) to discuss and analyse the existing body of literature on rural PE. Specifically, we explored the question: what do we know

Background: Although a recent systematic review found that latissimus dorsi tendon transfer (LDTT) granted comparable outcomes in shoulders with massive rotator cuff tears (mRCTs) versus those with failed rotator cuff repair (RCR), some studies found inferior outcomes after failed RCR. Purpose: To compare the clinical and functional outcomes, as well as complication rates, of patients who underwent

Background Various exercise interventions are recommended to reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in females. However, the extent to which these training interventions influence lower-limb landing biomechanics in youth female remains unclear. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively summarise the effectiveness of various training interventions

Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) donation is the primary procedure used to collect haemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for transplantation in individuals with haematological malignancies. More than 90,000 HSC transplants take place globally each year, and there is an increasing need to guarantee HSC mobilisation, improve tolerability to apheresis, and optimise immune reconstitution. Currently, mobilisation

Background: The utilization of new pitch-tracking metrics has driven player development and provides more predictive pitch-specific data on physical characteristics and performance. Given the differences in each pitcher's arsenal, these pitch-specific metrics provide new potential variables to investigate ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury risk. Purpose: To evaluate the association of several pitch-specific

Background: Multiple techniques have been utilized to measure posterior tibial slope (PTS) without consensus on which imaging modality, view, and axis combination is most consistent for risk assessment and preoperative planning in primary and revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery. An exclusively proximal-based measurement of PTS has yet to be defined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of

Background: Patients with posterolateral rotational instability (PLRI) of the elbow exhibit a higher degree of joint incongruence on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) than patients without PLRI. However, the influence of joint hypermobility and position of the elbow in healthy participants is yet unknown. Purpose: To analyze the influence of general hypermobility and elbow joint position on joint congruence

Background: A steep posterior tibial slope (PTS) and excessive anterior tibial subluxation of the lateral compartment (ASLC) have been considered to be associated with inferior graft outcomes in primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Case series studies have demonstrated that combined slope-reducing tibial osteotomy can greatly improve knee functional scores and stability in

Body-related self-conscious emotions (e.g., shame, guilt, envy, and embarrassment), which are particularly salient in sport, are foundational to adolescents' attention and performance. Adolescents' (N = 72) self-conscious emotions and attention were examined using self-reported single-item measures across 4 days. After completing these measures, adolescents' reaction time was measured using a hand

Background Using directly measured cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e. VO2max) in epidemiological/population studies is rare due to practicality issues. As such, predicting VO2max is an attractive alternative. Most equations that predict VO2max adopt additive rather than multiplicative models despite evidence that the latter provides superior fits and more biologically interpretable models. Furthermore

Teacher education faculty members are disciplinary stewards who have a responsibility for advancing their field through research, teaching, and engagement activities. Engagement can include working in schools with inservice teachers as facilitators of professional development (PD). Not all teacher educators spent time teaching in schools before assuming faculty roles, however, and those without teaching

Post-exercise recovery strategies influence the body’s ability to restore physiological homeostasis, replenish energy stores, repair muscle damage, and promote desired adaptations, which improve exercise performance. This narrative review examines the impact of nutritional strategies commonly used for enhancing recovery and subsequent exercise performance, particularly when athletes face short recovery

Background Soccer requires players to cover distances around 10–12 km, with numerous consecutive sprints throughout the 90-min game. As such, aerobic fitness and repeated sprint ability (RSA) are crucial physical qualities for the modern soccer player to cope with the demands of the game. However, a comprehensive and systematic search of aerobic fitness and RSA assessment procedures in elite soccer

Background Concerns exist about the prevalence of abuse directed towards sports officials and its impact on their mental health; however, sports officiating can also be a rewarding experience. Objectives The present study aimed to identify the frequency and determinants of both positive (e.g. praise, appreciation, apologies) and negative (e.g. verbal abuse, physical abuse, social media abuse) officiating

Background: Ankle sprains in American football resulting from external rotation and eversion (EE) mechanisms remain a persistent injury that often involves player-to-player contact. Currently, there is little research that describes the frequency or source of this contact in American football and what scenarios are responsible for these injuries across different player positions. Purpose: To identify

Background: One-fifth of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) have bilateral symptoms. Performing bilateral hip arthroscopy on the same day minimizes the overall rehabilitation period compared with staged bilateral surgery, but most studies of outcomes from simultaneous surgery are in small cohorts. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare clinical outcome and revision rates between

Background: The superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) is commonly injured, with treatment varying based on associated injuries, tear grade, and location. However, the prevalence of different tear locations and the predictors of tear types have not been studied. Purpose: To evaluate the interrater and intrarater reliability for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based sMCL classification system

It is now well-established that exercise can disturb various aspects of gastrointestinal integrity and function. The pathophysiology of these perturbations, termed “exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome (EIGS),” can lead to exercise-associated gastrointestinal symptom (Ex-GIS) inconveniences. EIGS outcomes can impact physical performance and may lead to clinical manifestation warranting medical

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in female basketball players, who have a 2 to 3 times higher risk for an ACL injury than their male counterparts. Improving our understanding of the situations and biomechanics that result in an ACL injury in basketball players may support the design of more effective programs to mitigate the injury risk. Purpose: To describe the injury

Background Static stretching (SS) is routinely used in sports and clinical settings to increase joint range of motion (ROM). However, the mechanisms underlying improvements in ROM remain unclear. Objective We aimed to determine the effects of a single session (acute) and multiple sessions (chronic) of SS on stretch tolerance, passive stiffness and fascicle length, and whether such effects are moderated

Physical education is now examined as part of the Leaving Certificate in Ireland. The primary aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between preservice physical education teachers’ perceived and assessed Leaving Certificate Physical Education (LCPE) subject-specific knowledge, referred to as common content knowledge (CCK). In total, 30 participants (73% female; undergraduate, n = 15; postgraduate

Physical education (PE) offers an optimal setting for promoting higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and reducing sedentary behaviour (SB). This study examines the MVPA and SB among elementary schoolchildren during an obstacle course-based PE lesson and compares it to a traditional PE lesson, with the same students participating in both conditions. Moreover, it explores how gender,

Inadequacies in the conduct and quality of research are well established across many research domains, including sport science and medicine. Metaresearch—the practice of performing research on research—is presented as a practical vehicle for improving research quality through evaluating the research processes. This article introduces the concept of metaresearch to sport as a new sub-field of sport

Background: Among high school baseball players, elbow injury is a significant career-threatening problem. Although structural abnormalities of the elbow joint, poor physical function, and faulty pitching mechanics have been identified as potential risk factors for this disorder, their relationship has not been fully elucidated. Purpose: To determine the interaction among these risk factors and, in

Background: As the incidence of primary hip arthroscopic surgery has increased, the incidence of revision hip arthroscopic surgery has also increased. Although many factors have been reported that predict clinical failure of hip arthroscopic surgery, the outcomes of primary versus revision hip arthroscopic surgery are unknown. Purpose: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the

Background: Rotator cuff disease is prevalent and can cause significant disability. Local subacromial corticosteroid injections (CSIs) have been a mainstay of nonoperative management despite concerns regarding their potential for adverse effects on tendon and muscle tissue. We identified 3 potential molecular targets that could be inhibited by alternative, currently available treatments. Purpose: To

Background: Distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) use is increasing in popularity, and popliteal artery injury during DFO can be devastating. Purpose: To determine the safe sawing angles in DFO to prevent popliteal artery injury by analyzing the artery's course and the distances from key structures within the osteotomy plane. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Three-dimensional images of

Background: The best management of irreparable rotator cuff tears remains uncertain, with multiple new techniques introduced over the past 2 decades. Two options for treatment are arthroscopic debridement and biceps tenotomy, or the subacromial balloon spacer. Early trial results favored the former option, but the 2-year results have not yet been reported. Purpose: To report the 2-year follow-up outcomes

Background Emerging evidence indicates an elevated risk of post-concussion musculoskeletal injuries in collegiate athletes; however, identifying athletes at highest risk remains to be elucidated. Objective The purpose of this study was to model post-concussion musculoskeletal injury risk in collegiate athletes by integrating a comprehensive set of variables by machine learning. Methods A risk model

Objectives Core temperature (TCORE), skin temperature (TTORSO) and running kinematics were measured across different athlete categories at a World Cup Sprint Triathlon, occurring during a heatwave (~ 25–31 °C Wet Bulb Globe Temperature [WBGT]). Methods Sixty-six triathletes participated: 21 World Cup (7 females), 32 Hong Kong-Elite (HK-Elite; 8 females) and 13 Amateur (6 females). Results Seventeen

Background Sport-related concussion (SRC) in rugby union is common and carries a high injury burden, especially among children. Computed tomography (CT) imaging is commonly used to assess rugby-related head injuries, including SRC, subjecting children to ionising radiation. In addition, there is concern about the relationship between SRC, repetitive head impacts and neurodegeneration. Objective To

Background Large interindividual differences can exist in the timing and tempo of growth and maturation of youth athletes. This can provide significant physical performance advantages to young athletes who mature in advance of their peers. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to determine the magnitude of differences in sprinting and jumping performance in youth of different maturity status

Background: Score cutoffs of clinically important outcome values such as the minimal clinically important improvement (MCII), substantial clinical benefit (SCB), and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) are population and treatment specific. In patients with nonarthritic hip-related pain, numerous score cutoffs have been calculated for use after surgical treatment, but they have not been established

Background: There is growing interest in sagittal plane malalignment as a risk factor for patellofemoral chondral wear and, correspondingly, as an important measure to correct when performing certain tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) procedures. However, a radiographic method to measure anteriorization after TTO has not been described. Purpose: To develop and validate a radiographic method of measuring

Background: Tendons have a limited blood supply and form inferior scar tissue during repair, which increases the risk of reruptures, causes complications, and limits regenerative capacity. Current methods to repair injured tendon tissue use solid scaffolds, which carry the risk of contamination (infections) and require open surgery for transplantation. Hypothesis: Alginate-cell cross-linked gels, which

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a common determinant of hip pain in young adults and an established risk factor in the subsequent development of osteoarthritis (OA). The mechanism of hip OA secondary to FAI is unknown. Small-animal models are critical translational tools to understand mechanisms of disease and develop interventional therapies. Kamenaga and colleagues proposed a novel

Background: The double-row suture bridge (SB) is an effective technique for rotator cuff repair. However, because of high-tension sutures and tendon vascular insufficiency, nonunion or retearing of the rotator cuff after SB repair is common. The low-tension suture and microfracture features of the SCOI Row (SR) technique may help address these issues. Purpose: To compare the biomechanical and histological

Background: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) is a common procedure for Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers, with a rising incidence and significant financial and performance implications. However, the effect of UCLR on postinjury pitching performance remains controversial, particularly regarding advanced metrics such as spin rate and velocity. Purpose: To evaluate changes in pitching

The purpose of this study was to analyze and interpret evidence-based scores of validity and reliability of the Pictorial Movement Skill Competence according to the procedure of assessment (i.e., one-on-one interview and supervised-guided group administration) in a cohort of children. A sample of 635 children (49.1% girls, 8.0-10.9 years old) participated. Confirmatory factor analyses and Rasch models

Many adolescent girls fail to meet physical activity (PA) guidelines, with research often overlooking daily influences of social support and built environments on PA. To address this, we employed ecological momentary assessment methods within a social ecological model framework. Girls (n = 66; 12-18 years) reported their social support for PA, built environment perceptions, and time spent in PA over

Background Delayed-onset muscle soreness commonly arises from intense and unaccustomed physical exercise, leading to reduced muscle strength, increased pain and inflammation. A number of systematic reviews evaluating physiotherapeutic treatments for delayed-onset muscle soreness have been published since the 1990s. However, these systematic reviews frequently yield conflicting findings, further impeding

Traditional risk management approaches focus on the prevention of negative short-term physical outcomes, such as injury. While the relationship between risk and harm has been useful for reducing workplace and transport injuries, it is inappropriate in movement contexts such as sport, leisure and education, where engagement with risk can be an important contributor to healthy human development and flourishing

Background: Augmented repair is an alternative strategy for the treatment of acute ligament and tendon injuries that imparts time-zero biomechanical strength to allow early loading, thereby protecting the repaired structures during the early healing process. Purpose: To investigate the biomechanical properties and biological healing process after suture repair of acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an evidence-based update on the protein needs of endurance athletes with a focus on high-quality metabolic studies conducted on the topics of recovery and training adaptation over the past decade. We use the term ‘protein needs’ to delineate between the concepts of a daily protein requirement and per meal protein recommendations when devising scientific

Background: Synovial fibrosis is a prevalent pathological feature of osteoarthritis and a primary contributor to joint pain and stiffness. Studies indicate that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in growth factors and cytokines, exhibiting anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, chemotactic, and proliferative properties that can facilitate tissue repair. However, little is known about its effect on synovial

Background Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are highly prevalent in team sport athletes and often occur while performing change-of-direction (COD) tasks in combination with high cognitive demands, such as decision making or divided attention. Given the expanding body of research in this field, an updated literature review is warranted, as the most recent meta-analysis on this topic included