Background Advances in instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) allow for accurate quantification of single high-acceleration head impacts and cumulative head acceleration exposure in collision sports. However, relationships between these measures and risk of brain cell injury remain unclear. Aim The purpose of this study was to quantify measures of non-concussive head impact exposure and assess their association

In the past four decades, health and physical education teacher education (HPETE) research has grown, emphasising social justice and activist approaches as a way to challenge the status quo of systems of oppression, including capitalism, imperialism, patriarchy, racism, LGBTQI+ phobia, and ableism. Despite a wealth of research on social justice and activist approaches in HPETE, there is a notable gap

Background:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is one of the most severe injuries for athletes. It is important to identify risk factors because a better understanding of injury causation can help inform athletes about risk and increase their understanding of and motivation for injury prevention.Purpose:To investigate the relationship between anatomic factors and risk for future noncontact ACL

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate head kinematic variables in elite men’s and women’s rugby union and their ability to predict player removal for an off-field (HIA1) head injury assessment. Methods Instrumented mouthguard (iMG) data were collected for 250 men and 132 women from 1865 and 807 player-matches, respectively, and synchronised to video-coded match footage. Head peak

Background:Despite the clinical benefits over nonoperative treatment or meniscectomy, the clinical outcomes of surgical repair for medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMRT) remain suboptimal, which may be attributed to the insufficient restoration of meniscal hoop tension during surgery.Purpose:To analyze the clinical outcomes of surgical repair of MMRT based on the appearance of the meniscal tension

Background:Sleep disturbance is commonly reported by patients wearing an abduction brace after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). Although a sling has been proven noninferior to an abduction brace for function and repair integrity, there is no evidence-based medical support for the advantage of the sling in improving sleep quality compared with a brace.Purpose/Hypothesis:This study aimed to compare

The force–length relationship is usually obtained for isometric contractions with maximal activation, but less is known about how sarcomere length affects force during submaximal activation. During submaximal activation, length-dependent alterations in calcium sensitivity, owing to changes in cross-bridge kinetics (rate of attachment and/or detachment), result in an activation-dependent shift in optimal

Background:The open Latarjet procedure yields excellent results as a treatment for anterior shoulder instability. The position of the bony fragment and the insertion angle of the screw (the alpha angle) are critical factors for a successful procedure. The alpha angle is considered overangulated at >25°, which is associated with poor bone fixation and healing.Purpose:To assess preoperative patient anatomic

Background:Treatment for osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the humeral capitellum has been predominantly guided by fragment stability and articular cartilage integrity. Nonoperative management is recommended for stable lesions, whereas surgical intervention is indicated for unstable lesions and those that fail nonoperative care. Several surgical options may be considered, although limited information

Background:Shoulder stabilization surgery has evolved over time, and bony augmentation procedures on the glenoid side are being performed more often. The Latarjet procedure modifies subscapularis anatomy because the conjoined tendon divides the subscapularis muscle fibers through a split/takedown, which has structural and functional implications. Arthroscopic anatomic glenoid reconstruction (AAGR)

Background:Latissimus dorsi tendon transfer (LDTT) leads to good clinical outcomes and recovery of function. A previous study have evaluated the outcomes of LDTT at a minimum 10-year follow-up and found durable improvements in shoulder function and pain relief but observed that shoulders with fatty infiltration of the teres minor muscle and insufficiency of the subscapularis muscle tended to have inferior

Background:Previous studies have examined the relationship between patient resilience and functional outcome scores after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, past studies have failed to explore the longitudinal relationship between preoperative resilience and functional outcomes 2 years after ACLR.Purpose:To evaluate the relationship between preoperative patient resilience and

Background It is unknown whether there are differences in maximal oxygen uptake (\({V}\)O2max) response when prescribing intensity relative to traditional (TRAD) anchors or to physiological thresholds (THR). Objectives The present meta-analysis sought to compare: (a) mean change in \({V}\)O2max, (b) proportion of individuals increasing \({V}\)O2max beyond a minimum important difference (MID) and (c)

Background:Detection of meniscal ramp lesions concomitant with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has low sensitivity, and these lesions are currently difficult to diagnose preoperatively.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of MRI in detecting the presence of meniscal ramp lesions in the 120° flexed-knee position

Control beliefs are adaptive for athletes coping with significant obstacles to sport. Our study tested whether the effects of setback-related primary (PC) and secondary control (SC) on adaptive sport-related outcomes were mediated via setback rumination in collegiate athletes. We recruited 200 collegiate athletes using Prolific, from both Canada and the United States of America (Mage = 22.3 years;

The effects of having new individuals join a team introduce competitive and cooperative actions that are challenging to groups. Employing socialization tactics that provide tailored role information and cultivate opportunities for social connection is positively related to perceptions of cohesion. However, the socialization process likely relies on the specific actions undertaken by members of the

Research Question: This study investigates the degree of hidden racial hatred towards athlete protests within the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement by correcting for the Social Desirability Bias (S...

The purpose of this study was to explore the interplay between organizational culture and organizational change in non-profit sport organizations.Five Canadian national sport organizations (NSOs) p...

Background:Nonoperative management of posterior shoulder instability is common. However, limited data are available to assess the pathomorphologic factors associated with its failure.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was 2-fold: (1) to determine glenohumeral pathomorphologic features predictive of nonoperative management failure of posterior instability; and (2) to determine the relationship

Background:Both high body mass index (BMI) and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) independently influence knee osteoarthritis risk. Preliminary evidence shows the combination of these risk factors leads to poorer recovery and altered biomechanical outcomes after ACLR, but few studies have directly evaluated early changes in cartilage health between normal-BMI and high-BMI groups in this

The Model of Excellencism and Perfectionism has been proposed to differentiate the pursuit of high but realistic standards (excellencism) from the pursuit of perfectionistic standards. In a recent study, perfectionistic standards were positively linked to bottom-line mentality, moral disengagement, and tolerance toward electronic sign stealing (cheating) in professional baseball. In this follow-up

The aim of the study was to modify the Amotivation Toward Exercise Scale-2 by dropping the outcome amotivation beliefs subscale while retaining the capacity, effort, value, and task characteristics amotivation beliefs. Data from 515 Greek nonexerciser adults aged 19-64 years and 399 Greek nonexerciser older adults aged 65-82 years, men and women, supported the latent four-factor structure of the Revised

Background:Repair of rotator cuff tear is not always feasible, depending on the severity. Although several studies have investigated factors related to reparability and various methods to predict it, inconsistent scoring methods and a lack of validation have hindered the utility of these methods.Purpose:To develop machine learning models to predict the reparability of rotator cuff tears, compare them

Background:One-step cell-based techniques of cartilage repair that lead to restoration of durable chondral tissue and long-term maintenance of joint function are cost-effective and ideal for routine use.Purposes:To examine the long-term clinical outcomes, after a mean follow-up duration of 14 years, of cartilage repair in the knee using a hyaluronic acid–based scaffold in association with bone marrow

Background:Microfracture is one surgical treatment strategy for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) but results in fibrocartilage repair tissue, which has inferior mechanical properties to native hyaline cartilage. Biological regulation of microfracture has been suggested to improve the quality of cartilage repair in patients.Purpose:To determine if administration of losartan, fisetin, or losartan

Background:Previous studies have revealed that early postoperative rehabilitation of chronic lateral ankle instability is just as crucial as surgical intervention. Immediate weightbearing has yielded good clinical results; however, randomized controlled studies have been limited.Purpose:To compare the clinical outcomes of patients with immediate weightbearing after lateral ankle ligament repair with

Background and Aim Professional soccer players’ self-reported dietary intakes often do not meet recommended sport nutrition guidelines. Although behaviour change models have previously explored barriers and enablers to nutritional adherence, the cultural factors influencing players’ nutritional habits also warrant investigation. Accordingly, we aimed to explore players’ perceptions of the nutrition

BACKGROUND Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been documented to have inferior outcomes compared with primary ACL reconstruction. The reasons why remain unknown. PURPOSE To determine whether surgical factors performed at the time of revision ACL reconstruction can influence a patient's outcome at 6-year follow-up. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS Patients

The analysis presented within this article derived from my recent completion of a PhD by publication. My PhD provided me with the opportunity to synthesise my previous research, the literature that...

Members of swimming relays often show effort gains in relays (i.e., more effort and faster swimming times in the relay vs. the individual competition). The weakest relay members typically exhibit the most pronounced effort gains. However, the underlying psychological processes are unclear. Prior research suggests social comparisons with stronger fellow relay members, perceived social indispensability

There is evidence that the longstanding multi-activity sport-based approach to physical education (PE) limits the opportunities for students to participate in and learn from PE. Furthermore, studies of educational approaches to PE have identified a willingness to re-orientate and re-structure PE by exploring diverse ways of learning in, through and about movement. This study endeavours to advance this

Sport volunteering can be a valued and meaningful way to engage in sport beyond participation, but sport volunteers lack diversity in the UK. Specifically, there has been a lack of insight into exp...

Previous research has established that youngsters’ sporting repertoires become particularly malleable during the early- to mid-teenage years, shifting from formal, organized sports to more informal...

The purpose of this perspective article is to explore the predominant assumptions that underpin research and teaching in the sport management field, while pointing out a direction toward which we t...

This paper examines four teacher educators’ work practices which either perceive to enhance or diminish meaningfulness in physical education teacher education. Through a community of learners, we t...

Previous Self-Determination Theory (SDT) research has highlighted the impact of physical education (PE) teachers’ (de)motivating styles on students’ motivation, in-class moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and sedentary behaviour. However, most studies relied on questionnaires to assess PE teachers’ (de)motivating styles, and the few that used observations focused primarily on one specific

Background:The critical shoulder angle (CSA) has become an important topic of study in patients with rotator cuff tears (RCTs). However, there are conflicting data on whether the CSA can differentiate between patients with normal shoulder pathology and full-thickness RCTs on shoulder radiographs.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between full-thickness RCTs

Background:Short-term results after arthroscopic/endoscopic lateral ligament repair for chronic lateral ankle instability have been satisfactory, although medium- to longer-term results are lacking.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to report the medium-term results of an all-inside endoscopic classic Bröstrom-Gould procedure where both the both lateral ligaments and the inferior extensor

Background:Paralabral cysts at the spinoglenoid notch are rare disorders that can potentially lead to compressive suprascapular neuropathy. Given their infrequency, a standard treatment protocol has not yet been established.Hypothesis/Purpose:This study aimed to assess changes in the infraspinatus muscle using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to compare the outcomes of 2 different surgical methods

Background:There is concern that physiologic knee hyperextension may be associated with inferior outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using hamstring tendon (HT) autografts.Purpose:To assess whether there is an association between contralateral passive preoperative knee hyperextension (≤−5°) and postoperative anterior knee laxity, subjective knee function, or revision surgery

Background:The essential component of managing femoroacetabular impingement involves restoration of the original labral function. Circumferential labral reconstruction (CLR) has shown positive results. However, biomechanical studies of CLR are limited and have not established the efficacy of the modern knotless all-suture anchor (ASA) pull-through technique.Hypotheses:(1) CLR with knotless ASA fixation

Background:Several studies have demonstrated suture repair of ramp lesions of the medial meniscus via a posteromedial approach was associated with a significantly lower rate of secondary meniscectomy. However, these studies are not long-term and highlight the need for extended follow-up research to better understand the outcomes over a more extended period.Purpose:To evaluate the long-term results

Background:The long-term prognosis of jumper's knee and whether structural changes in the patellar tendon persist is unknown.Purpose:To investigate whether limitations in knee function and structural changes persisted beyond the athletic career of young elite volleyball players.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.Methods:Volleyball players (mean ± SD age, 18 ± 0.8 years) enrolled in 2006-2011

Background:Studies to date of superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) comparing outcomes of healed grafts versus torn grafts do not separate graft tears based on location of the tear, rather they combine and report all tears as a single group.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to correlate functional outcome with graft integrity and graft tear location after SCR with a dermal allograft