BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (AIN) often requires a kidney biopsy. We previously developed a diagnostic statistical model for predicting biopsy-confirmed AIN by combining four laboratory tests after evaluating over 150 potential predictors from the electronic health record. Here, we validate this diagnostic model in two biopsy-based cohorts at Johns Hopkins Hospital

BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation is common in individuals receiving dialysis. The role of oral anticoagulation in this population is uncertain given its exclusion from previous seminal clinical trials. Our objective was to determine the feasibility of performing a large definitive trial to establish the optimal anticoagulation strategy in individuals with atrial fibrillation receiving dialysis. METHODS

BACKGROUND Gaps in guideline-concordant care for chronic kidney disease (CKD) lead to poor outcomes. The Kidney Coordinated HeAlth Management Partnership (K-CHAMP) cluster randomized trial tested the effect of a population health management intervention versus usual care on CKD progression and evidence-based care delivery in the primary care setting. METHODS K-CHAMP included adults aged 18-85 years

BACKGROUND This analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1&2 inhibitor, added to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS We used data from the 52-week pooled inTandem1&2 trials and the 24-week inTandem3 trial to assess the effects of sotagliflozin (200mg [inTandem 1&2 only] or 400mg daily) versus placebo on glycated hemoglobin

BACKGROUND Patients with kidney failure are at elevated risk of cardiovascular diseases. Although statins were commonly used to mitigate cardiovascular disease risk among the population with high risk, the evidence for initiating statin therapy among patients with kidney failure remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the long-term benefits and risks associated with statin therapy in

BACKGROUND Inhibitor of MyoD family A (I-mfa) is a cytosolic protein. Its function in kidney is unknown. The aim of the present study was to examine the regulatory role of I-mfa on glomerular filtration rate (GFR). METHODS GFR was measured by transdermal measurement of FITC-sinitrin clearance in conscious wild type (WT) and I-mfa knockout (KO) mice. Cell contractility was assessed in a single human

BACKGROUND Damages to subcellular organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, are well-recognized in tubular cell injury and death in acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the changes and involvement of Golgi apparatus are much less known. Here, we report the regulation and role of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-3 (GALNT3), a key enzyme for protein glycosylation in Golgi apparatus

BACKGROUND The renal epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is essential for sodium balance and blood pressure control. ENaC undergoes complex proteolytic activation by not yet clearly identified tubular proteases. Here, we examined a potential role of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). METHODS Murine ENaC and TMPRSS2 were (co-)expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. ENaC cleavage and function were

BACKGROUND The Piezo gene encodes a highly conserved cell membrane protein responsible for sensing pressure. The glomerular kidney and the slit diaphragm filtration structure depend on pressure for filtration. However, how Piezo is involved in kidney function and in maintaining the slit diaphragm filtration structure is not clear. METHODS We used Drosophila pericardial nephrocytes, filtration kidney

BACKGROUND Long-term outcomes of rituximab-treated adult patients with podocytopathies (either minimal change disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) are largely unknown. METHODS A retrospective study at 30 nephrology departments from 15 countries worldwide included rituximab-treated adults with primary podocytopathies and a minimum clinical follow-up of 36 months. The primary outcome was relapse-free

BACKGROUND Vaptans were developed at the end of the previous century as V2R antagonists. Tolvaptan is the most prescribed vaptan for hyponatremia and the autosomal polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). However, its use is not as widespread as it should be due to price issues, a narrow therapeutic window and some side effects. With the aim of discovering new efficient and safer V2R antagonists, we screened

BACKGROUND Prognostic models are becoming increasingly relevant in clinical trials as potential surrogate endpoints, and for patient management as clinical decision support tools. However, the impact of competing risks on model performance remains poorly investigated. We aimed to carefully assess the performance of competing risk and noncompeting risk models in the context of kidney transplantation

BACKGROUND Hyponatremia is a common condition with unspecific symptoms and a complicated etiology. The impact of outdoor temperature on hyponatremia is not well-studied and varies depending on the climate and location. This study aimed to investigate the association between outdoor temperature and the prevalence of severe hyponatremia. METHODS This retrospective register-based cohort study based on

BACKGROUND Predicting the risk of AKI-CKD transition remains a major challenge in management of acute decompensated heart failure and AKI. This study investigated the clinical utility of urinary cytokeratin 20 (CK20), a novel biomarker reflecting severity of histological acute tubular injury, for identifying patients at risk of AKI-CKD progression. METHODS This prospective cohort study included a Test

BACKGROUND Complement 3 (C3) glomerulopathy is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by activation of the alternative complement pathway with isolated or dominant C3 deposition in glomeruli. Patients with C3 glomerulopathy may develop progressive deterioration in kidney function and kidney failure. METHODS We studied the safety and efficacy of avacopan 30 mg twice daily in patients with C3 glomerulopathy

BACKGROUND DKD is a microvascular disease, and glomerular endothelial cell injury is a key pathological event in DKD development. Through unbiased screening of glomerular transcriptomes, we previously identified KLF2 as a highly regulated gene in diabetic kidneys. KLF2 exhibits protective effects in endothelial cells by inhibiting inflammation, thrombotic activation, and angiogenesis, all of which

BACKGROUND Deep learning has great potential in digital kidney pathology. However, its effectiveness depends heavily on the availability of extensively labeled datasets, which are often limited due to the specialized knowledge and time required for their creation. This limitation hinders the widespread application of deep learning for the analysis of kidney biopsy images. METHODS We applied self-distillation

BACKGROUND The antibody against proteasome subunit alpha type 1 (PSMA1) is a podocyte autoantibody in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) children identified in our previous study. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of INS in children and the mechanism underlying its involvement in the development of INS. METHODS The levels of serum anti-PSMA1 autoantibodies in children were detected

BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) lower the risk of kidney failure in persons with type 2 diabetes. The presumed mechanism of action is through greater delivery of sodium to the distal tubule, activation of tubuloglomerular feedback which lowers glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and intra-glomerular pressure. SGLT2is are not approved for use in persons with type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND Calcium oxalate-induced acute kidney injury is a severe condition in which the kidneys suffer rapid damage due to the deposition of oxalate crystals. Known factors contributing to cell death induced by calcium oxalate include receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein dependent necroptosis, as well as necrosis involving peptidylprolyl

BACKGROUND Understanding the genetic basis of human diseases has become integral to drug development and precision medicine. Recent advancements have enabled the identification of molecular pathways driving diseases, leading to targeted treatment strategies. The increasing investment in rare diseases by the biotech industry underscores the importance of genetic evidence in drug discovery and approval

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BACKGROUND The flow dynamic forces during glomerular filtration challenging the fixation of podocytes to the GBM are insufficiently understood. METHODS Numerical flow simulations were used to estimate these forces in the rat kidney. Simulations were run with a 3D model of the slit diaphragm as a zipper structure according to Rodewald and Karnovsky 1. The GBM was modeled as a porous medium. RESULTS

Podocytes possess immune system components allowing for a variety of innate responses to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. Recently, several groups have linked inappropriate innate immune signaling to podocyte injury, particularly chronic, sustained injury; however, the immune capabilities of podocytes have not been fully elucidated. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous danger

BACKGROUND C3 nephritic factors, i.e. autoantibodies that stabilize the C3 convertase of the alternative pathway are the most frequent acquired abnormality in C3 glomerulopathy and primary immunoglobulin-mediated membranoproliferative GN (Ig-MPGN). METHODS Our study included 27 patients with C3 glomerulopathy (n=21) or Ig-MPGN (n=6), of whom 78% were children at disease onset. At the time of sampling

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular risk models have been developed primarily for incident events. Well-performing models are lacking to predict secondary cardiovascular events among people with a history of coronary heart disease, stroke, or heart failure who also have chronic kidney disease (CKD). We sought to develop a proteomics-based risk score for cardiovascular events in individuals with CKD and a history

An abstract is unavailable.

BACKGROUND The MUC1 gene is associated with autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD), leading to CKD. Current methods of sequencing, like exome sequencing, rarely detect MUC1 pathogenic variants because of the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in MUC1 exon2. We demonstrated that combining fast read filtering with a sensitive VNTR genotyping strategy enables systematic screening

An abstract is unavailable.

BACKGROUND One of the most important factors modulating endothelial health is acetylcholine, and while it is associated as a cholinergic neurotransmitter; it is also expressed by non-neuronal cells. However, its role in the kidney, which does not receive cholinergic innervation, remains unknown. METHODS To determine if acetylcholine is produced in the kidney, we used ChAT(BAC)-eGFP (ChAT mice) transgenic

BACKGROUND Hypertension is seen in 70% of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients by the age of 30 prior to decline in kidney function. However, cardiac origins of hypertension, such as the natriuretic peptide signaling pathway, have not been fully investigated. We hypothesized that cardiomyocyte-localized polycystin proteins contribute to production of natriuretic peptides, and

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BACKGROUND The effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on kidney outcomes in patients with varying combinations of heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus have not been quantified. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were queried up to December 2023 for primary and secondary analysis of placebo-controlled trials of SGLT2i in patients with heart failure, chronic

An abstract is unavailable.

BACKGROUND Pre-dialysis nephrology care and kidney replacement therapy (KRT)-directed education (KDE) are essential for incident home dialysis use. However, there are substantial disparities in these care parameters among patients with advanced CKD. The impact of these disparities on home dialysis underuse has not been examined. METHODS We analyzed the 2021 US Renal Database System to identify all