This review focuses on three major aspects of oncoviruses' role in cancer development. To begin, we discuss their geographic distribution, revealing that seven oncoviruses cause 20% of all human cancers worldwide. Second, we investigate the primary carcinogenic mechanisms, looking at how these oncogenic viruses can induce cellular transformation, angiogenesis, and local and systemic inflammation. Finally, we investigate the possibility of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection reactivating latent oncoviruses, which could increase the risk of further disease. The development of oncovirus vaccines holds great promise for reducing cancer burden. Many unanswered questions about the host and environmental cofactors that contribute to cancer development and prevention remain, which ongoing research is attempting to address.

中文翻译：

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病毒对癌症发展的作用和影响


本综述重点介绍肿瘤病毒在癌症发展中的作用的三个主要方面。首先，我们讨论了它们的地理分布，揭示了 7 种癌病毒导致全球 20% 的人类癌症。其次，我们研究了主要致癌机制，研究这些致癌病毒如何诱导细胞转化、血管生成以及局部和全身炎症。最后，我们研究了 SARS-CoV-2 感染重新激活潜伏癌病毒的可能性，这可能会增加进一步疾病的风险。肿瘤病毒疫苗的开发在减轻癌症负担方面具有很大的前景。关于导致癌症发展和预防的宿主和环境辅助因子，仍然存在许多未解之谜，正在进行的研究正试图解决这些问题。