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Environmental–genetic interactions in ageing and dementia across Latin America Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Agustin Ibanez, Andrea Slachevsky
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Additive effects of EBV and HHV-6A on MS risk Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Heather Wood
Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection in adulthood is a well-established risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), and new research indicates that human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) further increases the risk of developing the disease. Grut et al. tested serum samples from 670 presymptomatic individuals who subsequently developed MS and 670 matched control individuals. In participants over 24.9 years of age
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Immune rejuvenation — a potential AD therapy Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Heather Wood
A new study shows that transplantation of bone marrow from young mice can reduce amyloid pathology and ameliorate cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD). Aged (9-month-old) APP/PS1 mice received bone marrow from 2-month-old or 9-month-old APP/PS1 mice. The young bone marrow transplants led to reductions in cerebral amyloid plaque burden (attributed to increased amyloid-β clearance
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Diabetes could hasten MCI-to-AD conversion Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Heather Wood
People with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased probability of progressing to Alzheimer disease (AD) in the first year after a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a study based on data from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative has shown. Propensity score matching was performed in 306 people with MCI, 102 of whom also had DM. By the end of the 12-month follow-up period, 8.82% of the DM group
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Plasma extracellular vesicle biomarkers for frontotemporal dementia and related disorders Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Lisa Kiani
Concentrations of TDP-43 and tau in extracellular vesicles extracted from blood show potential as biomarkers for frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive supranuclear palsy.
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RAB32 variant is associated with PD susceptibility Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-09 Heather Wood
A variant of the RAB32 gene is a risk factor for developing Parkinson disease (PD), according to a report published in Nature Genetics. Exome-wide analyses of 2,184 individuals with familial PD and 69,775 control individuals revealed that the p.S71R variant of RAB32 was present in around 0.7% of the PD group, compared with 0.004% of control individuals, and it segregated with PD in three families.
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Precision neuroimmunology in multiple sclerosis — the horizon is near Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-04 Jiwon Oh, Amit Bar-Or
Immunological profiling has revealed biological signatures of multiple sclerosis (MS) that could help with early, accurate diagnosis of the disease and with identifying disease subtypes that could inform treatment decisions. The findings are important steps along the path towards precision medicine for people with MS.
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Brain–body mechanisms contribute to sexual dimorphism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-04 Sarah M. Jacob, Sukyoung Lee, Seung Hyun Kim, Keith A. Sharkey, Gerald Pfeffer, Minh Dang Nguyen
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Spinal cord stimulation for the treatment of chronic pain Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Cecile C. de Vos, Kaare Meier
Spinal cord stimulation is an invasive therapy for chronic neuropathic pain, usually used as a last-resort treatment when all other treatments have been tried and failed. The clinical value of the therapy has been much debated in recent years; here, we summarize the therapy and discuss the core controversies. Spinal cord stimulation is seen as a last-resort therapy for the treatment of chronic pain
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Focused ultrasound brain therapy is a new tool in the box Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Raúl Martínez-Fernández
Similar to any innovation that disrupts the status quo, the advent of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound in neurology was accompanied by controversy and debate. However, evidence suggests that this therapeutic tool, which is already widely used to treat tremor and Parkinson disease, is gaining acceptance and will become a viable therapeutic option for various other neurological conditions
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Sensory feedback in upper limb prosthetics: advances and challenges Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-30 Nebojša Malešević, Christian Antfolk
Advanced sensory feedback from upper limb prostheses would provide multiple benefits to people with upper limb amputations, but achieving functional and natural-feeling sensation is technologically challenging. Advances are being made with invasive and non-invasive stimulation approaches, but considerable challenges need to be addressed with technological innovation.
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Neuromodulation for severe brain injury: time for a paradigm shift? Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-30 Aurore Thibaut, Géraldine Martens
Neuromodulation represents a promising approach for promoting neural plasticity following a brain injury, especially for non-communicative patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness. However, so far, the outcomes have been limited and inconsistent, driving researchers to explore alternative strategies to improve the efficacy of brain stimulation techniques.
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Non-invasive deep brain stimulation: interventional targeting of deep brain areas in neurological disorders Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-29 Friedhelm C. Hummel, Maximilian J. Wessel
Recently developed non-invasive deep brain stimulation methods have sufficient focal specificity to target deep brain structures. These techniques show particular promise as treatment strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders in which deep brain structures have critical roles in pathophysiology or in mediating recovery. A non-invasive technique using transcranial electrical stimulation offers an improvement
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Non-invasive stimulation for treating cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-29 Irena Rektorová
Some device-based non-invasive brain stimulation methods have been recommended as probably effective for cognitive treatment in Alzheimer disease. New targets and novel transcranial electrical stimulation techniques enable physiology-inspired modulation of oscillatory activity and precise targeting of deep brain structures. The use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques to treat mild cognitive
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Neurology under the midnight sun: EAN Congress 2024 comes to Helsinki Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-21 Heather Wood
The 10th Congress of the European Academy of Neurology is being held in Helsinki, Finland from 29 June to 2 July 2024, and Nature Reviews Neurology is publishing a series of Comments on the overarching theme, neuromodulation. We asked Programme Committee Chairs Ulf Kallweit and Reetta Kälviäinen about their roles and their expectations for the congress.
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Multifaceted roles of APOE in Alzheimer disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-21 Rosemary J. Jackson, Bradley T. Hyman, Alberto Serrano-Pozo
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From spreading depolarization to blood–brain barrier dysfunction: navigating traumatic brain injury for novel diagnosis and therapy Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-17 Gerben van Hameren, Refat Aboghazleh, Ellen Parker, Jens P. Dreier, Daniela Kaufer, Alon Friedman
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Acceptable performance of blood biomarker tests of amyloid pathology — recommendations from the Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer’s Disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-12 Suzanne E. Schindler, Douglas Galasko, Ana C. Pereira, Gil D. Rabinovici, Stephen Salloway, Marc Suárez-Calvet, Ara S. Khachaturian, Michelle M. Mielke, Chi Udeh-Momoh, Joan Weiss, Richard Batrla, Sasha Bozeat, John R. Dwyer, Drew Holzapfel, Daryl Rhys Jones, James F. Murray, Katherine A. Partrick, Emily Scholler, George Vradenburg, Dylan Young, Alicia Algeciras-Schimnich, Jiri Aubrecht, Joel B. Braunstein
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Alzheimer disease blood biomarkers: considerations for population-level use Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-11 Michelle M. Mielke, Nicole R. Fowler
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Brain clearance not increased during sleep Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-04 Ian Fyfe
Clearance of molecules from the brain is not increased during sleep, according to new findings published in Nature Neuroscience. Researchers measured brain clearance in mice that were awake, sedated or asleep by following movement of a small fluorescent dye in the brain parenchyma. Clearance was lower in animals that were sedated or sleeping than in animals that were awake. Although molecules with
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Microglial senescence is a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-04 Heather Wood
A new study has identified prematurely senescent microglia in the vicinity of amyloid-β plaques in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer disease.
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Genes associated with multiple system atrophy Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-04 Ian Fyfe
Analysis of whole-genome data from people with multiple system atrophy (MSA) has identified novel genetic loci associated with the disease. The study, which included data from 888 people with MSA and 7,128 healthy control individuals, revealed four risk loci, and functional analysis indicated the involvement of three genes at these loci — USP38-DT, KCTD7 and lnc-KCTD7-2. The work provides insight into
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Potassium regulation could be key to healthy brain ageing Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-04 Ian Fyfe
Dysregulated extracellular K+ could be a determinant of unhealthy brain ageing, findings in mice suggest. Whereas extracellular levels of K+ fell with age in healthy mice, they remained high in mouse models of Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington disease. These high levels were associated with downregulation of several K+ channels or upregulation of proteins that suppress
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APOE α4 homozygosity — a genetic form of Alzheimer disease? Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-06-04 Ian Fyfe
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 homozygosity should be considered a genetic form of Alzheimer disease (AD), researchers have proposed in a study published in Nature Medicine. Juan Fortea and colleagues analysed data from over 13,000 people with AD stratified by APOE genotype. They determined that the disease penetrance, predictability of symptom onset and sequence of biomarker changes in people with two
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Clinical implications of brain asymmetries Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-23 Sebastian Ocklenburg, Annakarina Mundorf, Robin Gerrits, Emma M. Karlsson, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Guy Vingerhoets
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The Miami Framework for ALS and related neurodegenerative disorders: an integrated view of phenotype and biology Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-20 Michael Benatar, Joanne Wuu, Edward D. Huey, Corey T. McMillan, Ronald C. Petersen, Ronald Postuma, Caroline McHutchison, Laynie Dratch, Jalayne J. Arias, Anita Crawley, Henry Houlden, Michael P. McDermott, Xueya Cai, Neil Thakur, Adam Boxer, Howard Rosen, Bradley F. Boeve, Penny Dacks, Stephanie Cosentino, Sharon Abrahams, Neil Shneider, Paul Lingor, Jeremy Shefner, Peter M. Andersen, Ammar Al-Chalabi
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IDH inhibition in gliomas: from preclinical models to clinical trials Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-17 Roberta Rudà, Craig Horbinski, Martin van den Bent, Matthias Preusser, Riccardo Soffietti
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Deciphering nociplastic pain: clinical features, risk factors and potential mechanisms Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-16 Chelsea M. Kaplan, Eoin Kelleher, Anushka Irani, Andrew Schrepf, Daniel J. Clauw, Steven E. Harte
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CAR T cells offer hope in glioblastoma Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Ian Fyfe
Novel CAR T cells delivered directly to the CNS could have therapeutic effects in recurrent glioblastoma, according to two early-stage trials.
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Genetic protection against Alzheimer disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Lisa Kiani
Cognitively healthy centenarians are protected against Alzheimer disease (AD) by their advantageous genetic make-up, according to new research. Analysis of 86 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with AD risk revealed a lower frequency of almost all risk-increasing alleles and a higher frequency of protective alleles among cognitively healthy centenarians than among people with AD. The most strongly
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Blood test for early Parkinson disease diagnosis Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Lisa Kiani
A blood-based α-synuclein (α-syn) seed amplification assay (SAA) can detect Parkinson disease (PD) up to 10 years before clinical diagnosis, new research indicates. Retrospective analysis of blood samples from 12 individuals with PD showed a positive α-syn SAA in all individuals 1–10 years before their diagnosis. The SAA was negative in all healthy controls (n = 13), whereas 30% of people with isolated
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Infant microbiome predicts neurodevelopmental disorders Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Lisa Kiani
A new study has identified significant differences in gut microbial communities between infants that are later diagnosed with a neurodevelopmental disorder and those that are not. The >20-year study followed a cohort of 16,440 Swedish children from birth, 1,197 of whom developed a neurodevelopmental disorder, including autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder or a speech disorder
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Nanoprobe for blood–brain barrier changes Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-14 Lisa Kiani
New research shows that labelling of laminin with a nanoparticle probe enables MRI assessment of blood–brain barrier (BBB) changes caused by neuroinflammation. The iron oxide-based nanoparticles were vectorized with peptide-88, which binds laminin specifically under inflammatory conditions. A comparison of MRI images from a mouse model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and control mice showed increased
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The clinical importance of suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-09 Stephanie J. B. Vos, Aurore Delvenne, Clifford R. Jack, Dietmar R. Thal, Pieter Jelle Visser
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Artificial intelligence in epilepsy — applications and pathways to the clinic Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-05-08 Alfredo Lucas, Andrew Revell, Kathryn A. Davis
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Neuronal activity drives glymphatic waste clearance Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Lisa Kiani
Two new studies show that clearance of waste, including pathogenic amyloid, through the glymphatic system is driven by synchronized neuronal activity.
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Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders — towards clinical application Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Michael Khalil, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Sylvain Lehmann, Markus Otto, Fredrik Piehl, Tjalf Ziemssen, Stefan Bittner, Maria Pia Sormani, Thomas Gattringer, Samir Abu-Rumeileh, Simon Thebault, Ahmed Abdelhak, Ari Green, Pascal Benkert, Ludwig Kappos, Manuel Comabella, Hayrettin Tumani, Mark S. Freedman, Axel Petzold, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, David Leppert, Jens Kuhle
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Addressing disparities in neurology by identifying gaps in hospital care Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-12 Lisa Kiani
Nature Reviews Neurology is interviewing individuals who are driving efforts to address disparities in neurology through a broad spectrum of diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. We spoke with neurosurgeon Sonia Mejía Pérez from Mexico about her work to address gaps in hospital care for individuals from minority groups, such as LGBT+ people.
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BTK inhibitor falters in multiple sclerosis trials Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Heather Wood
Findings of phase III trials of the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitor evobrutinib in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis were recently presented at the ACTRIMS Forum.
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EBV-specific T cells in multiple sclerosis Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-10 Heather Wood
New data recently reported at the ACTRIMS Forum add to growing evidence of an aetiological role for Epstein–Barr virus infection in multiple sclerosis.
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Support for network theories of schizophrenia Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-05 Martijn P. van den Heuvel, Sara L. Seoane
A computational neuroimaging study has shed new light on the relationship between morphological changes in the brain in schizophrenia and the network architecture of the brain, providing evidence to support two network theories of the disorder.
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Diversity, equity and inclusion in neurology Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-04
In this issue of Nature Reviews Neurology, we launch a Series to highlight the importance of diversity, equity and inclusion in efforts to improve global brain health. This month, Nature Reviews Neurology launches a Series to highlight the importance of diversity, equity and inclusion in the neurology community and in neurological care to address health disparities and thereby to improve global brain
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Addressing disparities in neurology by building the workforce in LMICs Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-04 Lisa Kiani
Nature Reviews Neurology is interviewing individuals who are driving efforts to address disparities in neurology through a broad spectrum of diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives. We spoke with stroke neurologist Nirali Vora from the USA about her work to build neurology capacity in low and middle-income countries.
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Approval of omaveloxolone for Friedreich ataxia Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Sylvia Boesch, Elisabetta Indelicato
The recent approval of omaveloxolone for the treatment of Friedreich ataxia in the USA and Europe represents an important milestone in the field of rare neurological diseases. However, many challenges lie ahead, including the translation of trial results into clinical practice, and the management of patients’ expectations.
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Neurostimulation for treatment of post-stroke impairments Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Jesse Dawson, Azmil H. Abdul-Rahim, Teresa J. Kimberley
Neurostimulation, the use of electrical stimulation to modulate the activity of the nervous system, is now commonly used for the treatment of chronic pain, movement disorders and epilepsy. Many neurostimulation techniques have now shown promise for the treatment of physical impairments in people with stroke. In 2021, vagus nerve stimulation was approved by the FDA as an adjunct to intensive rehabilitation
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Insights into epileptogenesis from post-traumatic epilepsy Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-04-03 Matthew Pease, Kunal Gupta, Solomon L. Moshé, Daniel J. Correa, Aristea S. Galanopoulou, David O. Okonkwo, Jorge Gonzalez-Martinez, Lori Shutter, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, James F. Castellano
Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) accounts for 5% of all epilepsies. The incidence of PTE after traumatic brain injury (TBI) depends on the severity of injury, approaching one in three in groups with the most severe injuries. The repeated seizures that characterize PTE impair neurological recovery and increase the risk of poor outcomes after TBI. Given this high risk of recurrent seizures and the relatively
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Neurological care for LGBT+ people Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Salvatore Giovanni Volpe, Joya Ahmad, Roshni Abee Patel, Nicole Rosendale
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Towards the era of biological biomarkers for Parkinson disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Nobutaka Hattori
Since its instigation in cancer research in the 1930s, the disease-staging concept has become a crucial tool in clinical research and medical practice. Two new papers have proposed biological staging and classification systems based on α-synuclein pathology for Parkinson disease and related conditions.
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Metabolic changes in status epilepticus Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Ian Fyfe
Status epilepticus is associated with changes in metabolic pathways, a new study has shown.
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α-Synuclein seeds in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Ian Fyfe
New evidence that α-synuclein can contribute to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has come from analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.
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Marker provides 10-year warning of dementia Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Ian Fyfe
Changes in plasma levels of specific proteins could predict the development of dementia more than 10 years before clinical diagnosis.
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Parkinson disease pathology in inflammatory bowel disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Heather Wood
A new study has found evidence of α-synuclein aggregates — a key pathological hallmark of Parkinson disease — in the gut and brain in people and animals with inflammatory bowel disease.
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Mitochondrial DNA marks multiple sclerosis Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Ian Fyfe
Mitochondrial DNA has been identified as a potential biomarker of multiple sclerosis disease activity and treatment response.
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Biomarker-based staging of Alzheimer disease: rationale and clinical applications Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Joseph Therriault, Suzanne E. Schindler, Gemma Salvadó, Tharick A. Pascoal, Andréa Lessa Benedet, Nicholas J. Ashton, Thomas K. Karikari, Liana Apostolova, Melissa E. Murray, Inge Verberk, Jacob W. Vogel, Renaud La Joie, Serge Gauthier, Charlotte Teunissen, Gil D. Rabinovici, Henrik Zetterberg, Randall J. Bateman, Philip Scheltens, Kaj Blennow, Reisa Sperling, Oskar Hansson, Clifford R. Jack, Pedro
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Is Alzheimer disease a disease? Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Amos D. Korczyn, Lea T. Grinberg
Dementia, a prevalent condition among older individuals, has profound societal implications. Extensive research has resulted in no cure for what is perceived as the most common dementing illness: Alzheimer disease (AD). AD is defined by specific brain abnormalities — amyloid-β plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles — that are proposed to actively influence the neurodegenerative process. However
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Building an ethnically and racially diverse neurology workforce Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Roy H. Hamilton
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Ultrasound and antibodies — a potentially powerful combination for Alzheimer disease therapy Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Jürgen Götz, Pranesh Padmanabhan
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Epilepsy and epileptiform activity in late-onset Alzheimer disease: clinical and pathophysiological advances, gaps and conundrums Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Anita Kamondi, Madeleine Grigg-Damberger, Wolfgang Löscher, Heikki Tanila, Andras Attila Horvath
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Mitochondrial DNA instability in Huntington disease Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Lisa Kiani
A study using ultra-deep mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing has revealed an accumulation of mutations that affect oxidative phosphorylation in Huntington disease. The findings indicate that high levels of mutant huntingtin protein fragments result in increased mitochondrial fission and aberrant mitophagy, leading to a destabilization of mtDNA. The researchers suggest that enhancing mitochondrial
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Neurosteroids alleviate seizures in rats Nat. Rev. Neurol. (IF 28.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Lisa Kiani
Treatment with trilostane, a 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor, has been shown to reduce the number of spontaneous seizures in the kainic-acid rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Measurement of neurosteroid levels in the neocortex and hippocampus following the treatment showed large increases among various neurosteroids, including allopregnanolone, pregnenolone and progesterone. The results