Post-war rationing in the UK in 1953 facilitated a natural experiment that now reveals that restricting sugar intake in early life reduces the risk of diabetes and hypertension.

The country’s research progress means its cities might lead in all Nature Index subjects within a decade.

Provincial capitals such as Hefei are outscoring some established science cities in the Nature Index — here’s why.

European cities make their mark while the United States extends its lead.

A description of the terminology and methodology used in this supplement, and a guide to the functionality that is available free online at natureindex.com.

Just passing time.

Although the United States maintains a steady lead, Chinese cities are on the rise.

African researchers piloted a slew of innovative, low-cost programmes for addressing the troubling shortage of mental-health professionals on the continent. Now the rest of the world is taking notice.

Although I find new ways to express myself as a student abroad, sometimes it can be isolating to avoid my mother tongue, writes Rahul Roy.

Climate change has driven hurricane wind speeds up by an average of nearly 30 kilometres per hour, an analysis of Atlantic storms shows.

Although Beijing has solidified its top spot in the standings, the country’s regional cities are ones to watch.

But Chinese cities are quickly rising, thanks to significant government investment and targeted legislation.

I’m not sure if a management role in science is for me. How do I decide?

The policy has boosted tech transfer and economic growth in some regions, but challenges remain around innovation in key technologies.

The country’s rising players outperform US cities in year-on-year growth.

Impressive year-on-year growth has seen smaller hubs climb the list — but eyes remain on Beijing.

Undercorrection of ocean surface temperatures revealed.

Coming less than a decade after its launch, the studies emerging from the global project are a major achievement. Funders should sign up for the long haul.

Assessing the influence of common mutations on rare disease risk.

The hydraulics of sandy soils make their ecosystems more sensitive to soil drying.

Machine-learning strategy for quantum error correction.

Neurons in the fruit-fly brain gate the flow of visual information depending on behavioural context.

Scientists reflect on insights from the Human Cell Atlas.

As the international effort reaches a ‘critical mass’ of achievements, Nature highlights seven tools that are poised to enable the next set of discoveries.

Antibodies from malaria-exposed individuals target diverse proteins.

Systems that mimic cephalopods can jet drugs into the gastrointestinal tract.

The discovery of a young, Jupiter-sized planet with a short orbital period provides useful data for studying planet formation.

Low-energy processes break down persistent pollutants.

No Abstract

Addendum to: Nature Medicine https://doi.org/10.1038/nm1161, published online 26 December 2004.

Publications of living systematic reviews (LSRs) are increasing rapidly. Guidance facilitating transparent, complete, and accurate reporting of LSRs is needed. This paper reports the development of an extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement for LSRs (PRISMA-LSR). The PRISMA-LSR extension includes the PRISMA-LSR checklist, the PRISMA-LSR

The aim of an integrated neighbourhood team (INT) is to bring medical, nursing, and social care services to the patient’s home (or nearby) in a timely fashion, which should prevent unnecessary hospital admissions and enable earlier discharge, thus saving the NHS money and minimising disruption for patients. These ideas seem so obvious that it’s hard to work out why they haven’t been tried before. They

Harmful industries still exert their influence over health professionals, academia, and health systems; robust change is required, write Chris van Tulleken, Nigel Rollins, and Rebecca Coombes In the 1950s, smoking was proven beyond doubt to cause cancer and yet efforts to curb this pandemic were stalled over the next half century by a network of individuals and institutions with competing interests

A ward round in the intensive care unit ended with more questions than answers for the team. Only after seeing 10 critically ill patients did the hard work start: it was clear what was needed to help patients survive, but working out the “why” was more difficult. We knew that we needed to start steroids in a patient with septic shock—but why? We quickly decided that a patient recovering from a brain

When Labour came to power in July the new health and social care secretary, Wes Streeting, promised a frank report on the current NHS. The report, led by Ara Darzi, pulled no punches about the state of the service and its challenges,12 which led Streeting to say that the NHS was “broken.”3 He also promised a working group to report back next spring on a 10 year plan.4 I want the Labour government to

The General Medical Council emphasises the relevant policies and laws it must follow,1 but tremendous injustices can be committed by unthinkingly “following procedure.” Extraordinary circumstances provide important opportunities to reflect on whether policies remain fit for purpose. The GMC shouldn’t judge the fairness of a law, but it must decide if public trust is damaged when laws are broken. If

The condensed-matter physicist also turned his attention to neural networks, improving our understanding of the human brain and helping to develop machine learning.

The University of Rochester has confirmed that it no longer employs Ranga Dias, who was found by investigators to have committed data fabrication.

I agree with Moreno that society needs a new perspective on time.1 A 24 h workforce is “productivity driven,” a functional necessity embedded in NHS practice. It follows that irregular sleep schedules and sleep deficiency are controlled by commercial actors.2 Seeking to affect policies at all levels of governance, through systems, practices, and pathways,3 commercial determinants influence …

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT have hundreds of millions of users—but are they medically safe and reliable? Chris Stokel-Walker asks patients and physicians about the benefits and risks in an AI world In August this year Hayley Brackley lost a large part of her vision, completely out of the blue. She’d gone to her local chemist with eye pain, and a prescribing pharmacist diagnosed

Health, economic, and social progress will stall without urgent global collaborative action Road traffic injuries are the leading killer of children and adults aged 5-29 years globally.1 Low and middle income countries are disproportionately represented in this statistic; Africa has the highest road crash mortality of all global regions. Increasing urbanisation and motorisation in many African countries

Cédric Lemarchand and colleagues highlight weaknesses in the evidence on efficacy and safety of hallucinogens and question the use of expedited regulatory pathways The US clinical market for ketamine, estimated at $3.1bn in 2022 and expected to expand at 10.6% a year until 2030,1 is just one of many signs of renewed interest in the use of psychedelics to treat psychiatric conditions.2 Various mind

Since the discovery of statins and the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) results three decades ago, remarkable advances have been made in the treatment of dyslipidaemia, a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Safe and effective statins remain the cornerstone of therapeutic approach for this indication, including for children with genetic dyslipidaemia, and are one