The Health Equity Scholars Program (HESP) addresses the critical need for a diverse, culturally competent workforce to study and treat older adults from underrepresented populations (URPs) with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD). The HESP offers tailored mentored training in AD/ADRD research concepts, aiming to develop successful independent researchers. It recruits Scholars from underrepresented

Limited research has explored the effect of cardiovascular risk and amyloid interplay on cognitive decline in East Asians.

Dementia prevention in Africa is critically underexplored, despite the continent's high prevalence of modifiable risk factors. With a predominantly young and middle-aged population, Africa presents a prime opportunity to implement evidence-based strategies that could significantly reduce future dementia cases and mitigate its economic impact. The multinational Africa-FINGERS program offers an innovative

Factors responsible for the deposition of pathological tau in the brain are incompletely understood. This study links macroscale tau deposition in the human brain to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI).

INTRODUCTIONDespite the recognized importance of including ethnic diversity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research, substantial knowledge gaps remain, particularly in Asian populations.METHODSRNA sequencing was performed on blood samples from the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease (KBASE) to perform differential gene expression (DGE), gene co‐expression

INTRODUCTIONSemorinemab, an anti‐tau monoclonal antibody, was assessed in two Phase II trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers provided insights into the drug's potential mechanism of action.METHODSQualified assays were used to measure biomarkers of tau, amyloidosis, glial activity, neuroinflammation, synaptic function, and neurodegeneration from participant

INTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Given that AD neuropathology begins decades before symptoms, there is a dire need for effective screening tools for early detection of AD to facilitate early intervention.METHODSHere, we used tree‐based and deep learning methods to train polyomic prediction models for AD affection status and age at onset, employing

“Everyday technologies” have long been suggested as digital tools to improve life for and enhance care of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Within this realm, there is a need to balance potential drawbacks of technologies with their ability to positively impact patient and care partner centered outcomes. To facilitate this goal, we endeavored to provide a common language

INTRODUCTIONWe investigated hippocampal synaptic density using synaptic vesicle 2A positron emission tomography (PET), and its association with amyloid beta (Aβ) and cognitive performance in healthy apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers.METHODSSynaptic density was assessed in 46 individuals (APOE ε4/ε4 n = 14; APOE ε3/ε4 n = 16; APOE ε3/ε3 n = 16) with [11C]UCB‐J‐PET standardized uptake value ratios

Not all individuals who experience mild cognitive impairment (MCI) transition through progressive stages of cognitive decline at the same rate, if at all. Previous observational studies have identified the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) as an early site of hypometabolism in MCI which seems to be predictive of later transition to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

The Everyday Cognition scale (ECog-39) scores are associated with future cognitive decline. We investigated whether the 12-item ECog (ECog-12), which is being collected in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)4, can predict progression.

INTRODUCTIONWhile the influence of cross‐sectional β‐amyloid (Aβ) on longitudinal changes in cognition is well established, longitudinal change‐on‐change between Aβ and cognition is less explored.METHODSA series of bivariate latent change score models (LCSM) examined the relationship between changes in 11C‐Pittsburgh Compound‐B (PiB) positron emission tomography (PET) and the Preclinical Alzheimer's

The revised criteria for diagnosis and staging of Alzheimer's disease (AD)1 update the 2018 Research Framework and reaffirm the concept of AD as a primary biological entity. These new criteria focus on biomarkers that represent distinct pathological processes, measurable in living individuals using neuroimaging and biofluid assays to track disease course. Specifically, the framework proposes three

We were particularly interested in the 2024 Revised Criteria for Diagnosis and Staging of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) from the Alzheimer's Association (AA) workgroup. These criteria seek to update the biological definition of AD, originally introduced in 2011, to inform both research and clinical care.1 The proposal of a formal transition from a clinico-biological to a purely biological disease definition

INTRODUCTIONPeople living with dementia are less likely to be admitted to high‐rated nursing homes than people without dementia, despite their increased care needs. We investigated the effect of admission to nursing homes with higher staffing ratings on adverse outcomes for individuals with and without dementia post‐hospitalization.METHODSAmong Traditional Medicare beneficiaries discharged to nursing

The genetic pathways that influence longitudinal heterogeneous changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) may provide insight into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative-4 (ADNI-4) Engagement Core was launched to advance Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementia (ADRD) health equity research in underrepresented populations (URPs). We describe our evidence-based, scalable culturally informed, community-engaged research (CI-CER) model and demonstrate its preliminary success in increasing URP enrollment.

BACKGROUNDSynaptic and extrasynaptic distribution of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) has not been addressed in the brain from Alzheimer´s disease (AD) subjects, despite their contribution to neurodegeneration.METHODSWe have developed a protocol to isolate synaptic and extrasynaptic membranes from controls and AD frontal cortex. We characterized the distribution of the NMDAR subunits GluN2B

October 23, 2024: This article published in Early View in error. The article is under embargo and will republish shortly.

INTRODUCTIONEmerging preclinical evidence suggests that semaglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity, protects against neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. However, real‐world evidence for its ability to protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) is lacking.METHODSWe conducted emulation target trials based on a nationwide database

Identifying low-cost, minimally-invasive screening instruments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) trial enrichment will improve the efficiency of AD trials.

Metabolic dysregulation is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Although metabolic dysregulation is a common link between these two tauopathies, a comprehensive brain metabolic comparison of the diseases has not yet been performed.

INTRODUCTIONAssessing treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) relies on reliable tools for measuring AD progression. In this analysis, we evaluate the sensitivity of clinical progression measures in AD within randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with confirmed positive amyloid (Aβ+) status prior to trial enrollment.METHODSExcluding trials targeting non‐cognitive symptoms, we conducted meta‐analyses

INTRODUCTIONPeople with dementia may benefit from psychological therapies for depression or anxiety, but evidence of their effectiveness in atypical dementia is limited.METHODSUsing electronic health‐care records of > 2 million people who attended psychological therapy services in England between 2012 and 2019, we examined pre–post therapy symptom changes and compared therapy outcomes among 523 people

INTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) features changes in mitochondrial structure and function. Investigators debate where to position mitochondrial pathology within the chronology and context of other AD features.METHODSTo address whether mitochondrial dysfunction alters AD‐implicated genes and proteins, we treated SH‐SY5Y cells and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neurons with chloramphenicol

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has been pivotal in identifying and refining Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers for clinical trials. This study leverages longitudinal data from participants who have progressed to amyloid-positivity during their study participation to track evolution of biomarkers and cognitive function.

On the 20th anniversary of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the role of arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in understanding perfusion changes in the aging brain and the relationship with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology and its comorbid conditions. We summarize previously used acquisition protocols

Evaluating the generalizability of dementia risk scores, primarily developed in non-Latinx White (NLW) participants, and interactions with genetic risk factors in diverse populations is crucial for addressing health disparities.

This study assessed the association of plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction with cognitive performance and decline.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common disorder of the elderly that is both highly heritable and genetically heterogeneous.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-synuclein (α-syn) seed amplification assay (SAA) is a sensitive and specific tool for detecting Lewy body co-pathology in Alzheimer's disease.

INTRODUCTIONThe genetic basis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Koreans is poorly understood.METHODSWe performed an AD genome‐wide association study using whole‐genome sequence data from 3540 Koreans (1583 AD cases, 1957 controls) and single‐nucleotide polymorphism array data from 2978 Japanese (1336 AD cases, 1642 controls). Significant findings were evaluated by pathway enrichment and differential gene

While incident ischemic lesions (IILs) are not unusual on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following stroke, their risk factors and prognostic significance remain unknown.

Every year, the Alzheimer's Association International Conference (AAIC) provides a forum for the world's leading scientists in the field of Alzheimer's disease and dementia research to come together and share their findings on the state of the science. In July 2024, individuals ranging from the globe's most experienced dementia investigators to those new to Alzheimer's and dementia research converged

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In amyloid-positive individuals, disease-related biomarker heterogeneity is understudied.

We aimed to develop an algorithm to predict the individualized risk of future dementia using brief cognitive tests suitable for primary care.

Genetic mutation carriers of frontotemporal dementia can remain cognitively well despite neurodegeneration. A better understanding of brain structural, perfusion, and functional patterns in the pre-symptomatic stage could inform accurate staging and potential mechanisms.

INTRODUCTIONPrimary age‐related tauopathy (PART) is characterized by neurofibrillary tangles and minimal β‐amyloid deposition, diagnosed postmortem. This study investigates 18F‐flortaucipir (FTP) PET imaging for antemortem PART diagnosis.METHODSWe analyzed FTP PET scans from 50 autopsy‐confirmed PART and 13 control subjects. Temporal lobe uptake was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Demographic

INTRODUCTIONOculomotor and gait dysfunctions are closely associated with cognition. However, oculo‐gait patterns and their correlation with cognition in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) remain unclear.METHODSPatients with CSVD from a hospital‐based cohort (n = 194) and individuals with presumed early CSVD from a community‐based cohort (n = 319) were included. Oculo‐gait patterns were measured using

INTRODUCTIONOur understanding of how fine particulate matter (PM2.5) impacts cognitive functioning is limited. Systemic inflammation processes may play a role in mediating this effect.METHODSThis prospective cohort study used data from 66,254 participants aged 18+ between 2006 and 2015 from the Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study and Biobank. Causal mediation analysis was conducted to examine the impact of

INTRODUCTIONBlood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, the stage at which it appears along the AD time course and whether it contributes to neurodegeneration remain unclear.METHODSOlder adults (61 to 90 years) from cognitively normal (CN) to mildly cognitively impaired (CI), enriched for APOE 𝜀4 and amyloid positivity, underwent dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) magnetic

INTRODUCTIONWe examined the Mediterranean–Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet's association with cognitive decline by race among older adults in the Chicago Health and Aging Project.METHODSFive thousand two hundred fifty‐nine participants (73.5 [± 6.0] years, 62% Black participants, 62% female) completed a food frequency questionnaire, and two

Blood tests have the potential to improve the accuracy of Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical diagnosis, which will enable greater access to AD-specific treatments. This study compared leading commercial blood tests for amyloid pathology and other AD-related outcomes.

Recent technological advances have increased the risk that de-identified brain images could be re-identified from face imagery. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) is a leading source of publicly available de-identified brain imaging, who quickly acted to protect participants’ privacy.

INTRODUCTIONIn the aging brain, cognitive abilities emerge from the coordination of complex pathways arising from a balance between protective lifestyle and environmental factors and accumulation of neuropathologies.METHODSAs part of the Rush Memory and Aging Project (n = 440), we measured accelerometer‐based actigraphy, cognitive performance, and after brain autopsy, selected reaction monitoring mass

INTRODUCTIONIdentifying people at high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia allows for timely intervention, which, if successful, will result in preventing or delaying the onset of the disease.METHODSUtilizing data from the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP; n = 2130), we externally evaluated four risk‐prediction models for AD dementia, including Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia

INTRODUCTIONMicroglial responses are an integral part of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and are associated with amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Aβ and microglial responses on global cognitive impairment.METHODSIn this longitudinal study, 28 patients with mild cognitive impairment and 11 healthy controls underwent 11C‐PK11195 and 11C‐Pittsburgh compound

INTRODUCTIONUnderstanding the relationship between amyloid beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) and Aβ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers will define their potential utility in Aβ treatment. Few population‐based or neuropathologic comparisons have been reported.METHODSParticipants 50+ years with Aβ PET and Aβ CSF biomarkers (phosphorylated tau [p‐tau]181/Aβ42, n = 505, and Aβ42/40, n = 54)

INTRODUCTIONThis study examines the role of lifestyle factors in cognitive reserve among older adults, focusing on the moderating effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 status.METHODSData from 157 participants aged 45 and older from the Healthy Brain Initiative (HBI) were analyzed. Cognitive reserve was estimated using residual scores from Cognivue Clarity tests after accounting for brain atrophy and

INTRODUCTIONWe evaluated impaired odor identification and global cognition as simple, cost‐effective alternatives to neuroimaging biomarkers to predict cognitive decline and dementia in the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.METHODSSix hundred forty‐seven participants (mean 8.1, standard deviation 3.4 years’ follow‐up) had the following baseline procedures: modified Blessed Information Memory Concentration

INTRODUCTIONCerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a main cause of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. We investigated specific cognitive profiles, cognitive function in the stage before intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) burden in CAA because data on these topics are limited.METHODSWe included Dutch‐type

INTRODUCTIONEarly detection of both objective and subjective cognitive impairment is important. Subjective complaints in healthy individuals can precede objective deficits. However, the differential associations of objective and subjective cognition with modifiable dementia risk factors are unclear.METHODSWe gathered a large cross‐sectional sample (N = 3327, age 18 to 84) via a smartphone app and quantified

INTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) remains a debilitating condition with limited treatments and additional therapeutic targets needed. Identifying AD protective genetic loci may identify new targets and accelerate identification of therapeutic treatments. We examined a founder population to identify loci associated with cognitive preservation into advanced age.METHODSGenome‐wide association and linkage

INTRODUCTIONClinicians lack the tools to incorporate physical activity into clinical care for Alzheimer's disease prevention. We tested a 52‐week exercise and health education program (Lifestyle Empowerment for Alzheimer's Prevention [LEAP! Rx]) that integrates clinician referrals and community‐based fitness resources.METHODSWe randomized 219 participants to the LEAP! Rx (ie, exercise and monthly brain

People with neurodegenerative disorders (ND) frequently face diagnostic delay and misdiagnosis. We investigated blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light chain (NfL) to distinguish ND from primary psychiatric disorders (PPD), a common challenge in clinical settings.

The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has fostered collaboration among researchers around the world, catalyzing innovation and accelerating progress in the field. In Latin America, this initiative advanced the validation and development of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers for the first time in our region. In 2011, as part of the international ADNI, Argentina‐ADNI (Arg‐ADNI) was founded

INTRODUCTIONNursing home (NH) residents with Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD) are at high risk for hospital transfer. We aimed to (1) describe characteristics and predictors of avoidable transfer of residents with ADRD and (2) explore how “what matters” influences the decision to transfer.METHODSWe applied an exploratory, mixed methods design using data collected as part of a Centers