Approximately 40% of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2–) breast cancers harbour activating mutations in PIK3CA (encoding the catalytic subunit of PI3Kα); these mutations are generally associated with a poor prognosis but also responsiveness to inhibitors of the PI3K–AKT pathway. Now, data from the phase III INAVO120 trial demonstrate that addition of the selective PI3Kα inhibitor

A number of therapeutics that target mediators of signalling in the hypothalamic and brainstem regions that control appetite, ingestive behaviour, satiety, nausea and vomiting are starting to move the needle on cancer cachexia. However, clarification of meaningful clinical benefits for patients and the primary end points that should support regulatory approval of cachexia treatments is needed.

The DESTINY-Breast06 trial investigated earlier and broader use of trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with metastatic hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, and demonstrated improvements in progression-free survival over standard chemotherapy. These data provide a meaningful advance; however, this strategy might not be right for all patients, and careful consideration is recommended before blanket

Correction to: Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-024-00948-1, published online 4 October 2024.

The standard-of-care (SOC) first-line treatment for patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer is chemotherapy with a platinum-based agent and paclitaxel, with or without bevacizumab, and with addition of an anti-PD-1 antibody in those with a PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥1. Now, data from the phase III COMPASSION-16 trial show that addition of the PD-1 × CTLA4 bispecific antibody

We read with interest the News & Views article by Nevala-Plagemann and Garrido-Laguna (Nevala-Plagemann, C. & Garrido-Laguna, I. NALIRIFOX for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: hope or hype? Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 21, 567–568 (2024))1. In this article, the authors question whether the addition of nanoliposomal irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin (NALIRIFOX) to therapeutic options

We appreciate the interest of Wainberg and O’Reilly in our recently published News & Views article that critiques the design and reporting of results from the NAPOLI 3 trial (Nevala-Plagemann, C. & Garrido-Laguna, I. NALIRIFOX for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma: hope or hype? Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 21, 567–568 (2024))1. In their Correspondence (Wainberg, Z. A. & O’Reilly, E. M. NALIRIFOX in the

Patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) typically undergo radical cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy to achieve local disease control and identify pathological nodal metastases. The optimal extent of lymphadenectomy remains a matter of debate and many centres favour an extended approach, despite a lack of evidence from randomized trials. Now, results from the phase III SWOG

Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy has a proven survival benefit for patients undergoing upfront resection of gastric cancer compared with surgery alone. Now, data from the TOPGEAR trial demonstrate that adding radiotherapy to standard-of-care perioperative chemotherapy offers no additional survival benefit. I discuss the implications for treatment and future research.

Men with a serum PSA of >3.0 ng/ml are typically referred for further diagnostic investigations for prostate cancer; however, many either will not have the disease or will have low-risk tumours and might have adverse events from unnecessary diagnostic procedures and/or overtreatment. Now, an update from the ongoing GÖTEBORG-2 study demonstrates that men without suspicious lesions detected on MRI of

Correction to: Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-024-00943-6, published online 24 September 2024.

The November 2024 issue of Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology marks the 20th anniversary of the journal. Here, we reflect on the role of the journal during a time in which the clinical oncology community has witnessed many important changes.

Since the publication of the first issue of Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, we have witnessed advances in multiple research areas that have culminated in improved outcomes for many cancer types, although substantial unmet needs remain for a majority of patients worldwide. Here, we have asked experts in several key specialities to reflect on the progress from the past 20 years and propose the next

For a second consecutive year, members of the oncology community recently descended on Spain to hear the practice-changing results and latest advances in clinical cancer research presented at the annual ESMO Congress. As in Madrid last year, this year’s meeting in Barcelona was attended in person or online by more than 30,000 delegates, from 149 countries. Multiple phase III trials featured in the

Eligible patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) typically receive cisplatin-based chemotherapy before radical cystectomy, although approximately 50% will have disease relapse within 3 years. Now, newly published data from the phase III NIAGARA trial simultaneously presented at the ESMO Congress 2024 demonstrate that adding perioperative durvalumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves outcomes

Patients with advanced-stage neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) have limited treatment options following disease progression after 1–2 lines of systemic therapy. Now, newly published data from the phase III CABINET trial, simultaneously presented at the ESMO Congress 2024, demonstrate the efficacy of cabozantinib in this setting. In CABINET, patients with locally advanced or metastatic well or moderately

Patients with advanced-stage leiomyosarcoma, a type of soft-tissue sarcoma that occurs predominantly in uterine locations, typically receive doxorubicin and have a median overall survival (OS) of ~20 months. Now, data from a randomized phase III trial demonstrate that adding trabectedin to doxorubicin significantly improves OS. A total of 150 patients with previously untreated locally advanced or metastatic

Despite recent FDA approval, the clinical utility of vorasidenib in the treatment of IDH-mutant low-grade gliomas remains unclear. Herein, we critique the pivotal trial of vorasidenib, and highlight the questionable choice of control intervention and end points, ethical concerns, as well as the uncertain efficacy observed, and argue that the approval might be premature given the high cost of this drug

My close experience with cancer and interactions with other patients, caregivers and health-care providers have shaped my belief that patients must be at the centre of research and care. In this Comment, I advocate for a redirection of research efforts in order to measure patient-centred outcomes and address health disparities.

In the past 2 years, substantial improvements have been made in the management of advanced-stage EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer. Recent studies have suggested added benefit from the combination of third-generation tyrosine-kinase inhibitors with either chemotherapy or a bispecific antibody targeting EGFR and MET. Herein, we summarize these advances and their implications for clinical practice

Adults with B cell-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL) negative for minimal residual disease (MRD) after induction chemotherapy have a superior prognosis relative to those with MRD+ status, although many will eventually have disease relapse. Now, data from the phase III E1910 trial demonstrate that addition of the CD19 × CD3 bispecific T cell engager blinatumomab to consolidation chemotherapy

Correction to: Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-023-00849-9, published online 8 January 2024.

Patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) usually receive platinum-based chemotherapy plus an immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) as first-line therapy, although disease relapse is a concern. Now, data from the phase III ETER701 trial demonstrate that the combination of the anti-angiogenic agent anlotinib plus the anti-PD-L1 antibody benmelstobart and chemotherapy has promising efficacy

The eBEACOPP regimen, consisting of bleomycin, vincristine, procarbazine and prednisone plus escalated doses of etoposide, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, is a standard frontline treatment for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). This intensive regimen confers the highest primary cure rates but also considerable and often persistent treatment-related morbidities. Now, data from the HD21 trial demonstrate

Patients with recurrent advanced-stage and/or metastatic cervical cancer typically have a poor prognosis with limited treatment options available. Now, data from the phase III innovaTV 301 trial demonstrate the efficacy of the tissue factor-targeted antibody–drug conjugate tisotumab vedotin in this setting. A total of 502 patients with advanced-stage and/or metastatic cervical cancer who previously

The NETTER-2 trial provides the first phase III evidence that 177Lu-dotatate is active as first-line therapy in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours with a Ki-67 proliferative index of 10–55%. This approach is an important addition to the first-line therapeutic armamentarium, although treatment selection based on patient-specific and tumour-specific characteristics remains appropriate

Four BCR–ABL1 tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are approved for patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML): the first-generation agent imatinib and three second-generation TKIs, which have greater efficacy but also higher toxicity relative to imatinib. Now, results from the phase III ASC4FIRST trial reveal favourable outcomes in this setting with asciminib, an allosteric BCR–ABL1

Tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) is a locally aggressive neoplasm of the tendons and cannot always be managed surgically. TGCT is driven by dysregulated CSF1 production and CSF1R-dependent inflammatory macrophages, and the CSF1R-directed multitargeted tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) pexidartinib is an FDA-approved systemic treatment for this disease but can cause potentially fatal cholestatic

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced-stage DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancers. The NICHE trial revealed the promise of ICIs as neoadjuvant therapy for patients with locally advanced dMMR colon cancer, and new data from the phase II NICHE-2 trial confirm the safety and efficacy of this strategy. NICHE-2 involved 115 patients with locally

Patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) generally have favourable outcomes after receiving first-line immunochemotherapy; however, treatment options are limited for those with relapsed and/or refractory (R/R) disease, especially if they have high-risk disease. Now, data from the phase II TRANSCEND FL trial demonstrate the efficacy of the CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell product lisocabtagene

Quadruplet regimens comprising an anti-CD38 antibody, proteasome inhibitor, immunomodulatory agent and a glucocorticoid have become the standard of care for transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). A quadruplet regimen has also been approved for transplant-ineligible patients, although one built on a triplet containing melphalan instead of an immunomodulatory agent

Patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) typically receive induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Nonetheless, 20–30% of patients will have disease progression on this regimen and, given the high level of PD-L1-positivity typically seen in this cancer type, an important question exists regarding the possibility of benefit from anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1

Patients diagnosed with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) typically receive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by consolidation therapy with the anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab. Nonetheless, data from several studies suggest that patients with driver mutation-positive tumours often derive limited benefit from this approach. Now, data from the phase III LAURA trial demonstrate

Data from phase II trials indicate that patients with resectable melanoma are likely to derive benefit from neoadjuvant immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and that those with a major pathological response (MPR, defined as ≤10% residual viable tumour material) are unlikely to require subsequent therapy. Now, data from the phase III NADINA trial confirm these findings, as well as the superiority of

The addition of short-course androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) to upfront radiotherapy is the standard-of-care approach for patients with intermediate-risk or high-risk localized prostate cancer; however, the role of ADT in those receiving radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy is unclear. Now, results from the phase III RADICALS-HD trial provide insights that could help to guide treatment decision

BCR–ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, in combination with chemotherapy and/or steroids, are the standard-of-care therapy for patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Nonetheless, whether these agents are equally effective has remained unclear. Now data from the phase III PhALLCON trial demonstrate that the third-generation inhibitor ponatinib

For eligible patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), consolidative autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a standard component of frontline therapy but is not universally used owing to resource constraints and tolerability concerns, as well as unclear benefit with improved induction, maintenance and salvage therapies. Now, data from the phase III TRIANGLE trial demonstrate