INTRODUCTIONWe investigated whether early life exposure to state‐level structural sexism influenced late‐life memory trajectories among United Staes (U.S.) ‐born women and men and determined whether associations differed between racialized groups.METHODSParticipants were from the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP; N = 2314) and Health and Retirement Study (HRS; N = 18,631). State‐level structural sexism was measured via U.S. census and administrative data and linked to participants in each study by birth year and state.RESULTSExposure to greater structural sexism was associated with lower baseline memory performance among WHICAP women and HRS men and faster memory decline among women in both studies. Women born in the state with the highest structural sexism showed memory decline like that of those who were 9 years older. Structural sexism‐baseline memory associations were stronger among Black women than White women.DISCUSSIONEarly life exposure to structural sexism negatively impacts late‐life memory trajectories among women.Highlights A longitudinal measure captured state‐level structural sexism from 1900 to 1960. Exposure to structural sexism was associated with worse late‐life memory outcomes. Associations were strongest among women for memory decline. The negative impact on memory performance was stronger among Black women. Lowering structural sexism may, in turn, reduce memory decline among women.

中文翻译：

---

美国黑人和白人女性和男性的早年暴露于结构性性别歧视和晚年记忆轨迹


引言我们调查了早年暴露于州级结构性性别歧视是否影响了美国出生的女性和男性的晚年记忆轨迹，并确定了种族化群体之间的关联是否不同。方法参与者来自 Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia 老龄化项目 （WHICAP;N = 2314）和健康与退休研究 （HRS;N = 18,631）。州一级的结构性性别歧视是通过美国人口普查和行政数据来衡量的，并按出生年份和州与每项研究的参与者相关联。结果在这两项研究中，结构性性别歧视的加剧与 WHICAP 女性和 HRS 男性的基线记忆表现较低以及女性记忆力下降更快相关。出生在结构性性别歧视最严重的州的女性表现出与比她大 9 岁的女性一样的记忆力下降。黑人女性的结构性性别歧视基线记忆关联比白人女性更强。讨论生活中遭受结构性性别歧视对女性晚年的记忆轨迹产生了负面影响。亮点 一项纵向测量捕捉了 1900 年至 1960 年国家层面的结构性性别歧视。暴露于结构性性别歧视与较差的晚年记忆结果有关。女性与记忆力下降的关联最强。黑人女性对记忆力的负面影响更大。降低结构性性别歧视反过来可能会减少女性的记忆力下降。