Tracheal cancer is a rare malignancy with limited research but high mortality rates. This study aims to analyse recent data to understand the global burden, trends, and risk factors for tracheal cancer, facilitating improved prevention and treatment strategies. We conducted a study on tracheal cancer using data from the Global Cancer Observatory and the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents databases. We collected information on the incidence of tracheal cancer, risk factors, and the Human Development Index (HDI) at the country level. The univariate linear regression was used to explore the relationship between tracheal cancer and the various risk factors. We utilised joinpoint regression analysis to calculate the Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) in tracheal cancer incidence. The global age-standardised rate of incidence of tracheal cancer was 2.9 per 10 million (3,472 cases in total) in 2022, with the highest regional incidence observed in Central and Eastern Europe (ASR = 9.0) and the highest national incidence in Hungary (12.5). Higher incidence was found among the males (3.8) than females (2.0); among the older adults aged 50-74 (11.9) than the younger population aged 15-49 (1.2). A higher tracheal cancer incidence ratio was associated with higher levels of smoking, alcohol drinking, diabetes, lipid disorders, and HDI. Despite the overall decreasing trends for all population groups (highest decrease in Thailand; AAPC: -15.06, 95% CI: -21.76 to -7.78, p = 0.002), there was an increase in some female populations (highest increase in Colombia, AAPC: 19.28, 95% CI: 16.48 to 22.15, p < 0.001) and younger populations (highest increase in Ireland; AAPC: 29.84, 95% CI: 25.74 to 34.06, p < 0.001). This study provides a comprehensive analysis of tracheal cancer, focusing on risk factors and population-level trends. There has been an overall decreasing trend in the incidence of tracheal cancer, particularly among males and older adults, while the decline is less pronounced in females and younger individuals. Further research is needed to explore the underlying drivers of these epidemiological trends.

中文翻译：

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气管癌的发病率、危险因素和流行病学趋势：全球分析


气管癌是一种罕见的恶性肿瘤，研究有限，但死亡率高。本研究旨在分析最近的数据，以了解气管癌的全球负担、趋势和风险因素，从而促进改进预防和治疗策略。我们使用来自全球癌症观察站和五大洲癌症发病率数据库的数据对气管癌进行了一项研究。我们收集了有关国家层面气管癌发病率、风险因素和人类发展指数 （HDI） 的信息。采用单因素线性回归探讨气管癌与各种危险因素之间的关系。我们利用连接点回归分析来计算气管癌发病率的平均年百分比变化 （AAPC）。2022 年，全球气管癌年龄标准化发病率为每 1000 万人 2.9 例（共 3,472 例），其中中欧和东欧的区域发病率最高 （ASR = 9.0），匈牙利的全国发病率最高 （12.5）。男性 （3.8） 的发病率高于女性 （2.0）;在 50-74 岁的老年人中 （11.9） 比 15-49 岁的年轻人口 （1.2）。较高的气管癌发病率与较高的吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病、脂质紊乱和 HDI 水平相关。尽管所有人口群体的总体下降趋势（泰国下降幅度最大;AAPC：-15.06,95% CI：-21.76 至 -7.78，p = 0.002），一些女性人口有所增加（哥伦比亚增幅最高，AAPC：19.28,95% CI：16.48 至 22.15，p < 0.001）和年轻人口（爱尔兰增幅最高;AAPC：29.84,95% CI：25.74 至 34.06，p < 0.001）。 本研究对气管癌进行了全面分析，重点关注风险因素和人群水平趋势。气管癌的发病率总体呈下降趋势，尤其是在男性和老年人中，而女性和年轻人的下降则不那么明显。需要进一步的研究来探索这些流行病学趋势的潜在驱动因素。