Cell death is a fundamental part of life for metazoans. To maintain the balance between cell proliferation and metabolism of human bodies, a certain number of cells need to be removed regularly. Hence, the mechanisms of cell death have been preserved during the evolution of multicellular organisms. Tumorigenesis is closely related with exceptional inhibition of cell death. Mutations or defects in cell death-related genes block the elimination of abnormal cells and enhance the resistance of malignant cells to chemotherapy. Therefore, the investigation of cell death mechanisms enables the development of drugs that directly induce tumor cell death. In the guidelines updated by the Cell Death Nomenclature Committee (NCCD) in 2018, cell death was classified into 12 types according to morphological, biochemical and functional classification, including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, PARP-1 parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence and mitotic catastrophe. The mechanistic relationships between epigenetic controls and cell death in cancer progression were previously unclear. In this review, we will summarize the mechanisms of cell death pathways and corresponding epigenetic regulations. Also, we will explore the extensive interactions between these pathways and discuss the mechanisms of cell death in epigenetics which bring benefits to tumor therapy.

中文翻译：

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肿瘤进展中调节细胞死亡及其表观遗传修饰的机制和串扰


细胞死亡是后生动物生命的基本组成部分。为了维持人体细胞增殖和新陈代谢之间的平衡，需要定期去除一定数量的细胞。因此，在多细胞生物的进化过程中，细胞死亡的机制得以保留。肿瘤发生与细胞死亡的异常抑制密切相关。细胞死亡相关基因的突变或缺陷会阻碍异常细胞的消除，增强恶性细胞对化疗的抵抗力。因此，对细胞死亡机制的研究能够开发直接诱导肿瘤细胞死亡的药物。在 2018 年更新的细胞死亡命名委员会 （NCCD） 指南中，细胞死亡根据形态学、生化和功能分类分为 12 种类型，包括内源性细胞凋亡、外源性细胞凋亡、线粒体通透性转换 （MPT） 驱动的坏死、坏死性凋亡、铁死亡、焦亡、PARP-1 帕萨纳托斯、内膜细胞死亡、NETotic 细胞死亡、溶酶体依赖性细胞死亡、自噬依赖性细胞死亡、免疫原性细胞死亡、 细胞衰老和有丝分裂灾难。表观遗传学控制与癌症进展中细胞死亡之间的机制关系以前尚不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们将总结细胞死亡途径的机制和相应的表观遗传调控。此外，我们将探索这些途径之间的广泛相互作用，并讨论表观遗传学中为肿瘤治疗带来益处的细胞死亡机制。