Compared to other types of tumor vaccines, RNA vaccines have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional vaccine therapy due to their high efficiency, rapid development capability, and potential for low-cost manufacturing and safe drug delivery. RNA vaccines mainly include mRNA, circular RNA (circRNA), and Self-amplifying mRNA(SAM). Different RNA vaccine platforms for different tumors have shown encouraging results in animal and human models. This review comprehensively describes the advances and applications of RNA vaccines in antitumor therapy. Future directions for extending this promising vaccine platform to a wide range of therapeutic uses are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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RNA 疫苗在肿瘤治疗中的进展及应用


与其他类型的肿瘤疫苗相比，RNA 疫苗因其高效、快速开发能力以及低成本生产和安全药物递送的潜力而成为传统疫苗疗法的有前途的替代品。RNA 疫苗主要包括 mRNA、环状 RNA （circRNA） 和自扩增 mRNA （SAM）。针对不同肿瘤的不同 RNA 疫苗平台在动物和人类模型中显示出令人鼓舞的结果。本文全面介绍了 RNA 疫苗在抗肿瘤治疗中的进展和应用。还讨论了将这一有前途的疫苗平台扩展到广泛治疗用途的未来方向。