Metabolic alterations, a hallmark of cancer, enable tumor cells to adapt to their environment by modulating glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, which fuels rapid growth and contributes to treatment resistance. In primary breast cancer, metabolic shifts such as the Warburg effect and enhanced lipid synthesis are closely linked to chemotherapy failure. Similarly, metastatic lesions often display distinct metabolic profiles that not only sustain tumor growth but also confer resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. The review emphasizes two major aspects: the mechanisms driving metabolic resistance in both primary and metastatic breast cancer, and how the unique metabolic environments in metastatic sites further complicate treatment. By targeting distinct metabolic vulnerabilities at both the primary and metastatic stages, new strategies could improve the efficacy of existing therapies and provide better outcomes for breast cancer patients.

中文翻译：

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原发性和转移性乳腺癌的代谢重编程和治疗耐药性


代谢改变是癌症的标志，它使肿瘤细胞能够通过调节葡萄糖、脂质和氨基酸代谢来适应环境，从而促进快速生长并导致治疗耐药性。在原发性乳腺癌中，Warburg 效应和脂质合成增强等代谢变化与化疗失败密切相关。同样，转移性病灶通常表现出不同的代谢特征，这些代谢特征不仅维持肿瘤生长，而且还赋予对靶向治疗和免疫治疗的耐药性。本综述强调了两个主要方面：原发性和转移性乳腺癌中驱动代谢耐药的机制，以及转移部位独特的代谢环境如何使治疗进一步复杂化。通过针对原发性和转移期的不同代谢脆弱性，新策略可以提高现有疗法的疗效，并为乳腺癌患者提供更好的结果。