PURPOSE Sex bias remains a pervasive reality in academic medicine, often reflected in subtle linguistic choices, which can skew perceptions of competence and perpetuate workplace inequity. This study aims to investigate the relationship between host sex, speaker sex, and speaker introduction practices in ophthalmology grand rounds events. DESIGN Cross-sectional study METHODS: Publicly accessible videos of English-language ophthalmology grand rounds and other teaching events uploaded by academic institutions in the United States and Canada from January 2019 to June 2024 were analyzed by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was the proportion of male and female speakers introduced with the formal title "Dr." by the event host. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of male and female speakers introduced with their academic degrees, current academic appointments, awards or achievements, and research interests. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for the speaker's degree type(s), academic appointment, and affiliation were performed using Stata v17.0. RESULTS Of 1,450 videos screened, 399 speaker introductions across 298 ophthalmology teaching sessions were analyzed. The formal title "Dr." was employed by the event host in 75.2% (n=300/399) of speaker introductions. In multivariable analysis, female speakers were significantly less likely to be introduced by their formal title (OR=0.55, 95%CI=0.25-0.78, P<.001), academic degrees (OR=0.61, 95%CI=0.35-0.97, P=.03) and their awards or achievements (OR=0.62, 95%CI=0.35-0.95, P=.04) compared to male speakers. Interaction terms between speaker and host sex were significant for formal title use (P=.03) and academic degrees (P=.04), prompting subgroup analyses by host sex. Findings were consistent when stratified by male hosts, while there was no difference in the likelihood of introducing male or female speakers with their formal titles, academic degrees, or awards/achievements when introduced by female hosts. Female speakers were significantly more likely to present on non-clinical topics compared to male speakers (OR=2.39, 95%CI=1.36-4.79, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS When introduced by male hosts, female speakers were less likely to be addressed using a formal title compared with male speakers, while no significant differences were observed when female hosts introduced speakers of either sex. A standardized approach to introducing speakers may be beneficial in mitigating sex biases during grand rounds and other academic events.

中文翻译：

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眼科 Grand Rounds 演讲者介绍中的性别相关差异。


目的 性别偏见仍然是学术医学中普遍存在的现实，通常反映在微妙的语言选择上，这可能会扭曲对能力的看法并使工作场所的不平等长期存在。本研究旨在调查眼科大查房活动中主持人性别、说话者性别和说话人介绍做法之间的关系。设计 横断面研究方法： 两名独立评价员分析了 2019 年 1 月至 2024 年 6 月美国和加拿大学术机构上传的英语眼科大查房和其他教学活动的公开视频。主要结果是活动主持人以正式头衔 “Dr.” 介绍的男性和女性演讲者的比例。次要结局包括男性和女性演讲者的学位比例、当前的学术任命、奖项或成就以及研究兴趣。使用 Stata v17.0 进行针对演讲者的学位类型、学术任命和隶属关系进行调整的单变量和多变量 logistic 回归。结果 在筛选的 1,450 个视频中，分析了 399 场眼科教学课程中的 298 位演讲者介绍。活动主持人在 75.2% （n=300/399） 的演讲者介绍中使用了正式头衔“博士”。在多变量分析中，与男性相比，女性使用者被正式头衔 （OR=0.55， 95%CI=0.25-0.78， P<.001）、学位 （OR=0.61， 95%CI=0.35-0.97， P=.03） 及其奖项或成就 （OR=0.62， 95%CI=0.35-0.95， P=.04） 介绍的可能性显著降低。说话人和宿主性别之间的交互词对于正式头衔使用 （P=.03） 和学位 （P=.04） 是显著的，促使按宿主性别进行亚组分析。 按男性主持人分层时，研究结果一致，而当由女性主持人介绍时，介绍男性或女性演讲者及其正式头衔、学位或奖项/成就的可能性没有差异。与男性相比，女性演讲者显著更有可能就非临床话题进行演讲 （OR=2.39,95%CI=1.36-4.79，P<.001）。结论 当由男性主持人介绍时，与男性主持人相比，女性说话者不太可能使用正式头衔来称呼，而当女性主持人介绍任何性别的说话者时，没有观察到显著差异。介绍演讲者的标准化方法可能有助于减少大回合和其他学术活动期间的性别偏见。