Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype IV (GIV) is one of the least common and most neglected genotypes worldwide, having been identified only on a few Indonesian islands until it was recently found to be the cause of outbreaks that occurred in several Australian states in early 2022. Given the limited availability of information, the vector range for JEV GIV remains unknown; thus, understanding this range could prove invaluable for future prevention efforts in new areas. Herein, we experimentally exposed four mosquito colonies originated from various countries with no previous reports of GIV to JEV GIV strain 19CxBa-83-Cv, which was isolated from Culex vishnui Theobald collected in Bali in 2019. At 7 and 14 days post-JEV GIV exposure through a membrane feeding method, mosquito bodies, head-wings-legs, and saliva were harvested for infection, dissemination, and transmission efficiency analyses. The results showed robust transmission efficiencies of the virus by Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (∼74%) and Aedes albopictus Skuse (∼52%) from Japan, followed by Culex quinquefasciatus Say from Vietnam (∼35%) and Culex pipiens form molestus from Turkey (∼18%). Although significant differences were observed, we found that the four mosquito species could transmit JEV GIV. The efficiency of biological transmission of this restricted genotype by mosquitoes from various origins suggests that these mosquito species could support localized transmission if the genotype were introduced to their respective areas. This study emphasizes the importance of remaining vigilant and continuing arbovirus surveillance in all locations.

中文翻译：

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源自非流行地区的蚊子种群有可能传播最近出现的日本脑炎病毒基因型 IV。


日本脑炎病毒 （JEV） 基因型 IV （GIV） 是全球最不常见和最被忽视的基因型之一，仅在印度尼西亚的少数岛屿上被发现，直到最近发现它是 2022 年初在澳大利亚几个州爆发疫情的原因。鉴于信息有限，JEV GIV 的媒介范围仍然未知;因此，了解这个范围对于未来新领域的预防工作可能非常宝贵。在此，我们实验将来自不同国家且之前没有 GIV 报道的四个蚊子群暴露于 JEV GIV 菌株 19CxBa-83-Cv，该菌株是从 2019 年在巴厘岛收集的 Culex vishnui Theobald 中分离出来的。在通过膜喂养方法暴露于 JEV GIV 后 7 天和 14 天，收集蚊子体、头-翅-腿和唾液，用于感染、传播和传播效率分析。结果显示，来自日本的 Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles （∼74%） 和白纹伊蚊 （∼52%），其次是来自越南的 Culex quinquefasciatus Say （∼35%） 和来自土耳其的 Culex pipiens form molestus （∼18%）。尽管观察到显著差异，但我们发现四种蚊子都可以传播 JEV GIV。来自不同来源的蚊子对这种受限基因型的生物传播效率表明，如果将基因型引入各自的区域，这些蚊子物种可以支持局部传播。这项研究强调了在所有地点保持警惕和继续虫媒病毒监测的重要性。