Lyme disease is caused by Borrelia species that are transmitted by Ixodes ticks prevalent in parts of the United States and Europe. A Lyme vaccine containing the OspA antigens from the single Borrelia species most prevalent in the United States was marketed in the 1990s, but was withdrawn because of unproven concerns about safety, which led to insufficient sales. Since then, the incidence of Lyme disease has increased in the United States owing to the geographical spread of infected ticks. Lyme disease due to multiple different species of Borrelia also is widely prevalent in many European countries. New Lyme vaccines, using OspA antigens from multiple species of American and European Borrelia, are in advanced clinical development, and one such vaccine is in phase 3 trials. When licensed, new vaccines are likely to have an impact in preventing Lyme disease, although the need for periodic boosters remains to be defined.

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莱姆病疫苗的现状和未来


莱姆病是由疏螺旋体引起的，疏螺旋体由在美国和欧洲部分地区流行的硬蜱传播。一种含有来自美国最普遍的单一疏螺旋体物种的 OspA 抗原的莱姆疫苗于 1990 年代上市，但由于对安全性的担忧未经证实而被撤回，这导致销售不足。从那时起，由于受感染蜱虫的地理传播，莱姆病在美国的发病率有所增加。由多种不同种类的疏螺旋体引起的莱姆病在许多欧洲国家也广泛流行。使用来自美国和欧洲多种疏螺旋体的 OspA 抗原的新型莱姆疫苗正处于临床开发阶段，其中一种疫苗正处于 3 期试验中。获得许可后，新疫苗可能会对预防莱姆病产生影响，尽管定期加强针的需求仍有待确定。