Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynaecological cancer among women in high-income countries, with both incidence and mortality continuing to increase. The complexity of the management of patients with EC has evolved with greater comprehension of the underlying biology and heterogeneity of this disease. With a growing number of novel therapeutic agents available, emerging treatment regimens seem to have the potential to help to address the concerning trends in EC-related mortality. In this Review, we describe the epidemiology, histopathology and molecular classification of EC as well as the role of the new (2023) International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) staging model. Furthermore, we provide an overview of disease management in the first-line and recurrent disease settings. With increasing use of molecular profiling and updates in treatment paradigms, we also summarize new developments in this rapidly changing treatment landscape.

子宫内膜癌 （EC） 是高收入国家女性最常见的妇科癌症，发病率和死亡率均持续增加。随着对这种疾病的潜在生物学和异质性的更深入理解，EC 患者管理的复杂性也在发展。随着新型治疗药物的出现，新兴的治疗方案似乎有可能帮助解决 EC 相关死亡率的令人担忧的趋势。在本综述中，我们描述了 EC 的流行病学、组织病理学和分子分类，以及新的 （2023） 国际妇产科医师联合会 （FIGO） 分期模型的作用。此外，我们还概述了一线和复发性疾病情况下的疾病管理。随着分子分析和治疗范式的更新越来越多地使用，我们还总结了这种快速变化的治疗领域的新发展。