Objective To investigate associations between long term residential exposure to road traffic noise and particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 µm (PM2.5) and infertility in men and women. Design Nationwide prospective cohort study. Setting Denmark. Participants 526 056 men and 377 850 women aged 30-45 years, with fewer than two children, cohabiting or married, and residing in Denmark between 2000 and 2017. Main outcome measure Incident infertility in men and women during follow-up in the Danish National Patient Register. Results Infertility was diagnosed in 16 172 men and 22 672 women during a mean follow-up of 4.3 years and 4.2 years, respectively. Mean exposure to PM2.5 over five years was strongly associated with risk of infertility in men, with hazard ratios of 1.24 (95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.30) among men aged 30-36.9 years and 1.24 (1.15 to 1.33) among men aged 37-45 years for each interquartile (2.9 µg/m3) higher PM2.5 after adjustment for sociodemographic variables and road traffic noise. PM2.5 was not associated with infertility in women. Road traffic noise (Lden, most exposed facade of residence) was associated with a higher risk of infertility among women aged 35-45 years, with a hazard ratio of 1.14 (1.10 to 1.18) for each interquartile (10.2 dB) higher five year mean exposure. Noise was not associated with infertility among younger women (30-34.9 years). In men, road traffic noise was associated with higher risk of infertility in the 37-45 age group (1.06, 1.02 to 1.11), but not among those aged 30-36.9 years (0.93, 0.91 to 0.96). Conclusions PM2.5 was associated with a higher risk of an infertility diagnosis in men, whereas road traffic noise was associated with a higher risk of an infertility diagnosis in women older than 35 years, and potentially in men older than 37 years. If these results are confirmed in future studies, higher fertility could be added to the list of health benefits from regulating noise and air pollution. The study is based on data from the Danish national registers, which belong to the Danish Ministry of Health and Statistics Denmark. The authors are thus not allowed to share them in their raw form.

中文翻译：

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长期接触道路交通噪音和空气污染与男性和女性不孕的风险：丹麦全国队列研究


目的 调查男性和女性长期居住暴露于道路交通噪声和直径 <2.5 µm 颗粒物 (PM2.5) 与不孕症之间的关联。设计全国前瞻性队列研究。设置丹麦。参与者 526 056 名男性和 377 850 名女性，年龄 30-45 岁，子女少于两个，同居或已婚，2000 年至 2017 年间居住在丹麦。 主要结果指标 丹麦国家随访期间男性和女性不孕不育事件患者登记。结果 在平均随访 4.3 年和 4.2 年期间，分别有 16 172 名男性和 22 672 名女性被诊断为不孕症。五年内平均接触 PM2.5 与男性不育风险密切相关，30-36.9 岁男性的风险比为 1.24（95% 置信区间 1.18 至 1.30），20 岁以上男性的风险比为 1.24（1.15 至 1.33）调整社会人口变量和道路交通噪音后，PM2.5 每四分位数 (2.9 µg/m3) 升高需要 37-45 年。 PM2.5 与女性不孕不相关。道路交通噪音（Lden，最暴露的住宅正面）与 35-45 岁女性不孕不育的较高风险相关，每四分位数 (10.2 dB) 的风险比为 1.14（1.10 至 1.18），高于五年平均值接触。噪音与年轻女性（30-34.9 岁）的不孕不相关。在男性中，道路交通噪音与 37-45 岁年龄段的不孕风险较高相关（1.06、1.02 至 1.11），但与 30-36.9 岁年龄段的不孕风险无关（0.93、0.91 至 0.96）。结论 PM2.55 与男性不孕症诊断的较高风险相关，而道路交通噪音与 35 岁以上女性以及 37 岁以上男性不孕症诊断的较高风险相关。如果这些结果在未来的研究中得到证实，那么调节噪音和空气污染对健康的益处可能会增加到更高的生育率。该研究基于丹麦国家登记册的数据，该登记册隶属于丹麦卫生部和丹麦统计局。因此，作者不得以原始形式分享它们。