PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic prevalence, incidence, diagnostic age, and surgical volume of hypospadias in Denmark. MATERIALS AND METHODS Males with a hypospadias diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry (n = 10,276) were identified (1977-2019). A diagnostic algorithm, validated by medical file review (n = 1710), confirmed diagnoses and severity (distal/proximal). The yearly prevalence (live-born hypospadias boys/100,000 newborn boys) and incidence (first hypospadias registration in the Danish National Patient Registry/100,000 boys in background population) were calculated. Age at diagnosis and number of health care contacts were calculated. Poisson regression was used to analyze temporal trends. RESULTS Hypospadias was verified in 9189 males (89.4%; distal 8404 [91.5%]; proximal 785 [8.5%]). From 1977 to 2006, the prevalence rose significantly to a mean of 503 (95% CI: 440-565) and peaked at 847 (distal 768, proximal 79) in 2007. From 2008 to 2018, the prevalence stabilized (mean 774, 95% CI: 738-810). A significant rise in incidence was observed. Age at diagnosis decreased from 1977 to 2019. Proximal hypospadias was diagnosed earlier (median 0 years, IQR, 0-0.5) than distal (median 0.2 years, IQR, 0-1.9) and had more (P < 10-4) nonsurgical hospital contacts (median = 5, IQR, 3-7 vs median = 2, IQR, 1-3). At least 1 surgical admission was recorded for 4550 (58.4%). Boys without surgical admissions (n = 3244, 41.6%) were primarily distal cases (97.7%). CONCLUSIONS Since 1977, the prevalence of diagnosed hypospadias cases significantly increased and peaked around 800 per 100,000 live boys in 2007. The diagnostic age decreased, proximal cases were diagnosed earlier, and there were more surgical admissions than distal cases. A significant proportion were never operated.

中文翻译：

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男性尿道下裂的患病率、发病率和诊断年龄 - 一项全国性的基于人群的流行病学研究。


目的 评估丹麦尿道下裂的诊断患病率、发病率、诊断年龄和手术量。材料和方法 确定了在丹麦国家患者登记处 （n=10,276） 诊断为尿道下裂的男性 （1977-2019）。一种诊断算法，通过医疗档案审查 （n=1,710） 验证，确认诊断和严重程度 （远端/近端）。计算年患病率 （活产尿道下裂男性/100,000 名新生儿男孩） 和发病率 （DNPR 中首次尿道下裂登记/100,000 名背景人群男性）。计算诊断年龄和医疗保健接触人数。泊松回归用于分析时间趋势。结果尿道下裂在 n=9,189 （89.4%） 男性中得到验证 （远端 n=8,404 （91.5%）;近端 n=785 （8.5%））。从 1977 年到 2006 年，患病率显著上升到平均值 503 （95% 置信区间 （CI）：440-565），并在 2007 年达到 847 例 （远端 768 例，近端 79 例） 的峰值。从 2008 年到 2018 年，患病率趋于稳定 （平均值 774，CI： 738-810）。观察到发病率显着增加。诊断年龄从 1977-2019 年下降。近端尿道下裂的诊断时间早 （中位 0 年，四分位距 （IQR） 0-0.5） 早于远端 （中位 0.2 年，IQR 0-1.9），并且有更多的 （p<10-4） 非手术医院接触 （中位数 = 5，IQR 3-7 与中位数 = 2，IQR 1-3）。至少有 1 例手术入院，n=4,550 （58.4%）。未手术入院的男性 （n=3,244， 41.6%） 主要是远端病例 （97.7%）。结论 自 1977 年以来，诊断出的尿道下裂病例的患病率显著增加，并在 2007 年达到每 100,000 名活体男孩 800 例左右的峰值。诊断年龄降低，近端病例诊断更早，手术入院人数多于远端病例。 很大一部分从未进行过手术。