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Fault-tolerant one-bit addition with the smallest interesting color code Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Yang Wang, Selwyn Simsek, Thomas M. Gatterman, Justin A. Gerber, Kevin Gilmore, Dan Gresh, Nathan Hewitt, Chandler V. Horst, Mitchell Matheny, Tanner Mengle, Brian Neyenhuis, Ben Criger
Fault-tolerant operations based on stabilizer codes are the state of the art in suppressing error rates in quantum computations. Most such codes do not permit a straightforward implementation of non-Clifford logical operations, which are necessary to define a universal gate set. As a result, implementations of these operations must use either error-correcting codes with more complicated error correction
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Large and unequal life expectancy declines during the COVID-19 pandemic in India in 2020 Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Aashish Gupta, Payal Hathi, Murad Banaji, Prankur Gupta, Ridhi Kashyap, Vipul Paikra, Kanika Sharma, Anmol Somanchi, Nikkil Sudharsanan, Sangita Vyas
Global population health during the COVID-19 pandemic is poorly understood because of weak mortality monitoring in low- and middle-income countries. High-quality survey data on 765,180 individuals, representative of one-fourth of India’s population, uncover patterns missed by incomplete vital statistics and disease surveillance. Compared to 2019, life expectancy at birth was 2.6 years lower and mortality
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A fibronectin gradient remodels mixed-phase mesoderm Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Min Zhu, Bin Gu, Evan C. Thomas, Yunyun Huang, Yun-Kyo Kim, Hirotaka Tao, Theodora M. Yung, Xin Chen, Kaiwen Zhang, Elizabeth K. Woolaver, Mikaela R. Nevin, Xi Huang, Rudolph Winklbauer, Janet Rossant, Yu Sun, Sevan Hopyan
Physical processes ultimately shape tissue during development. Two emerging proposals are that cells migrate toward stiffer tissue (durotaxis) and that the extent of cell rearrangements reflects tissue phase, but it is unclear whether and how these concepts are related. Here, we identify fibronectin-dependent tissue stiffness as a control variable that underlies and unifies these phenomena in vivo
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A synchronous-twisting method to realize radial scalability in fibrous energy storage devices Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Zhenyu Zhou, Sijie Xie, Heng Cai, Alejandro N. Colli, Wouter Monnens, Qichong Zhang, Wei Guo, Wei Zhang, Ning Han, Hongwei Pan, Xueliang Zhang, Hui Pan, Zhenhong Xue, Xuan Zhang, Yagang Yao, Jin Zhang, Jan Fransaer
For wearable electronics, radial scalability is one of the key research areas for fibrous energy storage devices to be commercialized, but this field has been shelved for years due to the lack of effective methods and configuration arrangements. Here, the team presents a generalizable strategy to realize radial scalability by applying a synchronous-twisting method (STM) for synthesizing a coaxial-extensible
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Ultrastable piezoelectric biomaterial nanofibers and fabrics as an implantable and conformal electromechanical sensor patch Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Tong Li, Yongjiu Yuan, Long Gu, Jun Li, Yan Shao, Shan Yan, Yunhe Zhao, Corey Carlos, Yutao Dong, Hong Qian, Xiong Wang, Wenlong Wu, Steven Wang, Zuankai Wang, Xudong Wang
Poly( l -lactic acid) (PLLA) is a widely used U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved implantable biomaterial that also possesses strong piezoelectricity. However, the intrinsically low stability of its high-energy piezoelectric β phase and random domain orientations associated with current synthesis approaches remain a critical roadblock to practical applications. Here, we report an interfacial
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A global test of MPA spillover benefits to recreational fisheries Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Simone Franceschini, John Lynham, Elizabeth M. P. Madin
Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been identified as one of the most effective tools to halt marine biodiversity loss. However, conflicting evidence from disparate, small-scale studies obfuscate a cohesive global picture of the role that MPAs can play in enhancing local fisheries through spillover benefits. We conducted a global analysis of trophy-size fish catches as a proxy for spillover occurring
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R-loop resolution by ARIP4 helicase promotes androgen-mediated transcription induction Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Raissa Regina Ng, Zhongyang Lin, Yanmin Zhang, Shih Chieh Ti, Asif Javed, Jason Wing Hon Wong, Qingming Fang, Justin Wai Chung Leung, Alex Hin Ning Tang, Michael Shing Yan Huen
Pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at transcription start sites (TSSs) primes target genes for productive elongation. Coincidentally, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) enrich at highly transcribed and Pol II–paused genes, although their interplay remains undefined. Using androgen receptor (AR) signaling as a model, we have uncovered AR-interacting protein 4 (ARIP4) helicase as a driver of androgen-dependent
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Direct electromagnetic information processing with planar diffractive neural network Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Ze Gu, Qian Ma, Xinxin Gao, Jian Wei You, Tie Jun Cui
Diffractive neural network in electromagnetic wave–driven system has attracted great attention due to its ultrahigh parallel computing capability and energy efficiency. However, recent neural networks based on the diffractive framework still face the bottlenecks of misalignment and relatively large size limiting their further applications. Here, we propose a planar diffractive neural network (pla-NN)
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Inductive biases of neural network modularity in spatial navigation Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Ruiyi Zhang, Xaq Pitkow, Dora E. Angelaki
The brain may have evolved a modular architecture for daily tasks, with circuits featuring functionally specialized modules that match the task structure. We hypothesize that this architecture enables better learning and generalization than architectures with less specialized modules. To test this, we trained reinforcement learning agents with various neural architectures on a naturalistic navigation
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Transcriptional dynamics orchestrating the development and integration of neurons born in the adult hippocampus Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Natalí B. Rasetto, Damiana Giacomini, Ariel A. Berardino, Tomás Vega Waichman, Maximiliano S. Beckel, Daniela J. Di Bella, Juliana Brown, M. Georgina Davies-Sala, Chiara Gerhardinger, Dieter Chichung Lie, Paola Arlotta, Ariel Chernomoretz, Alejandro F. Schinder
The adult hippocampus generates new granule cells (aGCs) with functional capabilities that convey unique forms of plasticity to the preexisting circuits. While early differentiation of adult radial glia-like cells (RGLs) has been studied extensively, the molecular mechanisms guiding the maturation of postmitotic neurons remain unknown. Here, we used a precise birthdating strategy to study aGC differentiation
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DNA-mediated assembly of Au bipyramids into anisotropic light emitting kagome superlattices Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Zhiwei Li, Yein Lim, Ibrahim Tanriover, Wenjie Zhou, Yuanwei Li, Ye Zhang, Koray Aydin, Sharon C. Glotzer, Chad A. Mirkin
Colloidal crystal engineering with DNA allows one to design diverse superlattices with tunable lattice symmetry, composition, and spacing. Most of these structures follow the complementary contact model, maximizing DNA hybridization on building blocks and producing relatively close-packed lattices. Here, low-symmetry kagome superlattices are assembled from DNA-modified gold bipyramids that can engage
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Targeting conserved TIM3 + VISTA + tumor-associated macrophages overcomes resistance to cancer immunotherapy Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Isaure Vanmeerbeek, Stefan Naulaerts, Jenny Sprooten, Raquel S. Laureano, Jannes Govaerts, Rosa Trotta, Samantha Pretto, Shikang Zhao, Sarah Trusso Cafarello, Joren Verelst, Maarten Jacquemyn, Martyna Pociupany, Louis Boon, Susan M. Schlenner, Sabine Tejpar, Dirk Daelemans, Massimiliano Mazzone, Abhishek D. Garg
Despite the success of immunotherapy, overcoming immunoresistance in cancer remains challenging. We identified a unique niche of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), coexpressing T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing 3 (TIM3) and V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), that dominated human and mouse tumors resistant to most of the currently used immunotherapies
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Huntingtin is an RNA binding protein and participates in NEAT1 -mediated paraspeckles Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Manisha Yadav, Rachel J. Harding, Tiantian Li, Xin Xu, Terence Gall-Duncan, Mahreen Khan, Costanza Ferrari Bardile, Glen L. Sequiera, Shili Duan, Renu Chandrasekaran, Anni Pan, Jiachuan Bu, Tomohiro Yamazaki, Tetsuro Hirose, Panagiotis Prinos, Lynette Tippett, Clinton Turner, Maurice A. Curtis, Richard L.M. Faull, Mahmoud A. Pouladi, Christopher E. Pearson, Housheng Hansen He, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith
Huntingtin protein, mutated in Huntington’s disease, is implicated in nucleic acid–mediated processes, yet the evidence for direct huntingtin–nucleic acid interaction is limited. Here, we show wild-type and mutant huntingtin copurify with nucleic acids, primarily RNA, and interact directly with G-rich RNAs in in vitro assays. Huntingtin RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing from patient-derived fibroblasts
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Beta2 adrenergic receptor–mediated abnormal myelopoiesis drives neuroinflammation in aged patients with traumatic brain injury Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Rui Jiang, Zhichao Lu, Chenxing Wang, Jun Xiao, Qianqian Liu, Xide Xu, Jinlong Shi, Jianhong Shen, Xingjia Zhu, Peipei Gong, Qian-Xing Zhuang, Kaibin Shi, Wei Shi
Aged patients often suffer poorer neurological recovery than younger patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI), but the mechanisms underlying this difference remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate abnormal myelopoiesis characterized by increased neutrophil and classical monocyte output but impaired nonclassical patrolling monocyte population in aged patients with TBI as well as in an aged murine TBI
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Small-molecule probe for IBD risk variant GPR65 I231L alters cytokine signaling networks through positive allosteric modulation Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Ilona Neale, Clark Reddy, Zher Yin Tan, Bihua Li, Partha P. Nag, Joshua Park, Jihye Park, Kimberly L. Carey, Daniel B. Graham, Ramnik J. Xavier
The proton-sensing heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide–binding protein–coupled receptor GPR65 is expressed in immune cells and regulates tissue homeostasis in response to decreased extracellular pH, which occurs in the context of inflammation and tumorigenesis. Genome-wide association studies linked GPR65 to several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel
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Designer cellular spheroids with DNA origami for drug screening Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Jiayi Wei, Yueyang Sun, Heming Wang, Tong Zhu, Li Li, Ying Zhou, Quan Liu, Zhen Dai, Wenjuan Li, Taihua Yang, Bingmei Wang, Changfeng Zhu, Xizhong Shen, Qunyan Yao, Guangqi Song, Yicheng Zhao, Hao Pei
Current in vitro models struggle to balance the complexity of human diseases with suitability for large-scale drug tests. While 3D cultures simulate human tissues, they lack cellular intricacy, and integrating these models with high-throughput drug screening remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a method that uses self-assembling nucleic acid nanostructures decorated living cells, termed NACs, to
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Whole-genome duplication in an algal symbiont bolsters coral heat tolerance Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Katherine E. Dougan, Anthony J. Bellantuono, Tim Kahlke, Raffaela M. Abbriano, Yibi Chen, Sarah Shah, Camila Granados-Cifuentes, Madeleine J. H. van Oppen, Debashish Bhattacharya, David J. Suggett, Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty, Cheong Xin Chan
The algal endosymbiont Durusdinium trenchii enhances the resilience of coral reefs under thermal stress. D. trenchii can live freely or in endosymbiosis, and the analysis of genetic markers suggests that this species has undergone whole-genome duplication (WGD). However, the evolutionary mechanisms that underpin the thermotolerance of this species are largely unknown. Here, we present genome assemblies
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Manybody interferometry of quantum fluids Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Gabrielle Roberts, Andrei Vrajitoarea, Brendan Saxberg, Margaret G. Panetta, Jonathan Simon, David I. Schuster
Characterizing strongly correlated matter is an increasingly central challenge in quantum science, where structure is often obscured by massive entanglement. It is becoming clear that in the quantum regime, state preparation and characterization should not be treated separately—entangling the two processes provides a quantum advantage in information extraction. Here, we present an approach that we
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The urban desirability paradox: U.K. urban-rural differences in well-being, social satisfaction, and economic satisfaction Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Adam Finnemann, Karoline Huth, Denny Borsboom, Sacha Epskamp, Han van der Maas
As the majority of the global population resides in cities, it is imperative to understand urban well-being. While cities offer concentrated social and economic opportunities, the question arises whether these benefits translate to equitable levels of satisfaction in these domains. Using a robust and objective measure of urbanicity on a sample of 156,000 U.K. residents aged 40 and up, we find that
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Individual and collective manipulation of multifunctional bimodal droplets in three dimensions Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Mengmeng Sun, Bonan Sun, Myungjin Park, Shihao Yang, Yingdan Wu, Mingchao Zhang, Wenbin Kang, Jungwon Yoon, Li Zhang, Metin Sitti
Spatiotemporally controllable droplet manipulation is vital across numerous applications, particularly in miniature droplet robots known for their exceptional deformability. Despite notable advancements, current droplet control methods are predominantly limited to two-dimensional (2D) deformation and motion of an individual droplet, with minimal exploration of 3D manipulation and collective droplet
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Ultrafast spin transfer and its impact on the electronic structure Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Kamil Bobowski, Xinwei Zheng, Björn Frietsch, Dominic Lawrenz, Wibke Bronsch, Cornelius Gahl, Beatrice Andres, Christian Strüber, Robert Carley, Martin Teichmann, Andreas Scherz, Serguei Molodtsov, Cephise Cacho, Richard T. Chapman, Emma Springate, Martin Weinelt
Optically induced intersite spin transfer (OISTR) promises manipulation of spin systems within the ultimate time limit of laser excitation. Following its prediction, signatures of ultrafast spin transfer between oppositely aligned spin sublattices have been observed in magnetic alloys and multilayers. However, it is known neither from theory nor from experiment whether the band structure immediately
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Click3D: Click reaction across deep tissues for whole-organ 3D fluorescence imaging Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Iori Tamura, Daichi M. Sakamoto, Bo Yi, Yutaro Saito, Naoki Yamada, Jumpei Morimoto, Yoichi Takakusagi, Masafumi Kuroda, Shimpei I. Kubota, Hiroyuki Yatabe, Minoru Kobayashi, Hiroshi Harada, Kazuki Tainaka, Shinsuke Sando
Click chemistry offers various applications through efficient bioorthogonal reactions. In bioimaging, pretargeting strategies have often been used, using click reactions between molecular probes with a click handle and reporter molecules that make them observable. Recent efforts have integrated tissue-clearing techniques with fluorescent labeling through click chemistry, allowing high-resolution three-dimensional
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Electron bifurcation and fluoride efflux systems implicated in defluorination of perfluorinated unsaturated carboxylic acids by Acetobacterium spp Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Yaochun Yu, Fengjun Xu, Weiyang Zhao, Calvin Thoma, Shun Che, Jack E. Richman, Bosen Jin, Yiwen Zhu, Yue Xing, Lawrence Wackett, Yujie Men
Enzymatic cleavage of C─F bonds in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is largely unknown but avidly sought to promote systems biology for PFAS bioremediation. Here, we report the reductive defluorination of α, β-unsaturated per- and polyfluorocarboxylic acids by Acetobacterium spp. The microbial defluorination products were structurally confirmed and showed regiospecificity and stereospecificity
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Mixotrophic growth of a ubiquitous marine diatom Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Manish Kumar, Juan D. Tibocha-Bonilla, Zoltán Füssy, Chloe Lieng, Sarah M. Schwenck, Alice V. Levesque, Mahmoud M. Al-Bassam, Anurag Passi, Maxwell Neal, Cristal Zuniga, Farrah Kaiyom, Josh L. Espinoza, Hyungyu Lim, Shawn W. Polson, Lisa Zeigler Allen, Karsten Zengler
Diatoms are major players in the global carbon cycle, and their metabolism is affected by ocean conditions. Understanding the impact of changing inorganic nutrients in the oceans on diatoms is crucial, given the changes in global carbon dioxide levels. Here, we present a genome-scale metabolic model ( i MK1961) for Cylindrotheca closterium , an in silico resource to understand uncharacterized metabolic
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Vulnerable fishes, inattentive humans Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Becca Franks
A comprehensive analysis of 2048 species of reef fishes reveals the shortcomings of human interest: The most at-risk species generally receive the least attention.
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Role of slip in hydrogen-assisted crack initiation in Ni-based alloy 725 Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Mengying Liu, Lai Jiang, Michael J. Demkowicz
We conduct in situ tensile straining experiments to investigate the role of hydrogen and slip in crack initiation in nickel-based alloy 725. Our experiments reveal no tendency for hydrogen to enhance localized slip and no necessity of slip for crack initiation. We use electrochemical charging to introduce hydrogen into samples, melt extraction to measure hydrogen content, and digital image correlation
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Global trends in clinical trials involving engineered biomaterials Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Mahim Lele, Shaunak Kapur, Sarah Hargett, Nivedhitha Malli Sureshbabu, Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
Engineered biomaterials are materials specifically designed to interact with biological systems for biomedical applications. This paper offers the comprehensive analysis of global clinical trial trends involving such materials. We surveyed 834 studies in the ClinicalTrials.gov database and explored biomaterial types, their initiation points, and durations in clinical trials. Predominantly, synthetic
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Dynamic STEM-EELS for single-atom and defect measurement during electron beam transformations Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Kevin M. Roccapriore, Riccardo Torsi, Joshua Robinson, Sergei Kalinin, Maxim Ziatdinov
This study introduces the integration of dynamic computer vision–enabled imaging with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). This approach involves real-time discovery and analysis of atomic structures as they form, allowing us to observe the evolution of material properties at the atomic level, capturing transient states traditional techniques
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Repression of mRNA translation initiation by GIGYF1 via disrupting the eIF3-eIF4G1 interaction Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Jung-Hyun Choi, Jun Luo, Geoffrey G. Hesketh, Shuyue Guo, Angelos Pistofidis, Reese Jalal Ladak, Yuxin An, Parisa Naeli, Tommy Alain, T. Martin Schmeing, Anne-Claude Gingras, Thomas Duchaine, Xu Zhang, Nahum Sonenberg, Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
Viruses can selectively repress the translation of mRNAs involved in the antiviral response. RNA viruses exploit the Grb10-interacting GYF (glycine-tyrosine-phenylalanine) proteins 2 (GIGYF2) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) homologous protein 4EHP to selectively repress the translation of transcripts such as Ifnb1 , which encodes the antiviral cytokine interferon-β (IFN-β).
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Robust, scalable, and highly selective spirocyclic catalysts for industrial hydroformylation and isomerization-hydroformylation Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Yan Zong, Runtong Zhang, Baode Ma, Jianghua Peng, Chao Wu, Xiaomei Zou, Yu Qian, Gen-Qiang Chen, Xumu Zhang
Hydroformylation (HF) or isomerization-hydroformylation (ISO-HF) represents the most direct and practical route for producing aldehydes on an industrial scale. To resolve the issues of low activity, low linear/branched ( l/b ) ratio, and low stability in HF and ISO-HF, we herein reported a class of spirocyclic diphosphites. Notably, the ligand termed O -SDPhite afforded excellent catalytic activity
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Enhanced native chemical ligation by peptide conjugation in trifluoroacetic acid Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Dong-Liang Huang, Wu-Chen Guo, Wei-Wei Shi, Yun-Pu Gao, Yong-Kang Zhou, Long-Jie Wang, Chen Wang, Shan Tang, Lei Liu, Ji-Shen Zheng
Chemical ligation of peptides is increasingly used to generate proteins not readily accessible by recombinant approaches. However, a robust method to ligate “difficult” peptides remains to be developed. Here, we report an enhanced native chemical ligation strategy mediated by peptide conjugation in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). The conjugation between a carboxyl-terminal peptide thiosalicylaldehyde thioester
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Stoichiometry and architecture of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Rafal Zdanowicz, Pavel Afanasyev, Adam Pruška, Julian A. Harrison, Christoph Giese, Daniel Boehringer, Alexander Leitner, Renato Zenobi, Rudi Glockshuber
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) is a key megaenzyme linking glycolysis with the citric acid cycle. In mammalian PDHc, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) and the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-binding protein (E3BP) form a 60-subunit core that associates with the peripheral subunits pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). The structure and stoichiometry of
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Out of the blue: Hyperaccumulation of molybdenum in the Indo-Pacific sponge Theonella conica Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Shani Shoham, Ray Keren, Adi Lavy, Iryna Polishchuk, Boaz Pokroy, Micha Ilan
Molybdenum is an essential micronutrient, but because of its toxicity at high concentrations, its accumulation in living organisms has not been widely demonstrated. In this study, we report that the marine sponge Theonella conica accumulates exceptionally high levels of molybdenum (46,793 micrograms per gram of dry weight) in a wide geographic distribution from the northern Red Sea to the reefs of
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Anonymization: The imperfect science of using data while preserving privacy Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Andrea Gadotti, Luc Rocher, Florimond Houssiau, Ana-Maria Creţu, Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye
Information about us, our actions, and our preferences is created at scale through surveys or scientific studies or as a result of our interaction with digital devices such as smartphones and fitness trackers. The ability to safely share and analyze such data is key for scientific and societal progress. Anonymization is considered by scientists and policy-makers as one of the main ways to share data
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Crown-of-thorns starfish complete their larval phase eating only nitrogen-fixing Trichodesmium cyanobacteria Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Benjamin Mos, Dirk Erler, Corinne Lawson, Symon A. Dworjanyn
Cyanobacteria of the genus Trichodesmium form extensive blooms that supply new N to nutrient-poor marine ecosystems. Yet little is known about what eats Trichodesmium . In this laboratory study, we show that one of the greatest threats to coral reefs, predatory crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS), Acanthaster sp., completes their larval phase feeding solely on Trichodesmium . We observed Trichodesmium
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Choosing to learn: The importance of student autonomy in higher education Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Simon Cullen, Daniel Oppenheimer
Despite strong evidence that autonomy enhances motivation and achievement, few interventions for promoting student autonomy in higher education have been developed and empirically tested. Here, we demonstrate how two autonomy-supportive policies effectively increase classroom attendance and subject mastery. First, in a randomized controlled field study, we explored the effect of allowing students to
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STING activation disrupts tumor vasculature to overcome the EPR limitation and increase drug deposition Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Xiaomin Jiang, Taokun Luo, Kaiting Yang, Morten J. Lee, Jing Liu, Langston Tillman, Wenyao Zhen, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Wenbin Lin
The low success rate of cancer nanomedicines has raised debate on the role of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect on tumor deposition of nanotherapeutics. Here, we report a bifunctional nanoscale coordination polymer (NCP), oxaliplatin (OX)/2′,3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (GA), to overcome the EPR limitation through stimulator of interferon genes (STING)
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Single-molecule imaging reveals allosteric stimulation of SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain by host sialic acid Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Marco A. Díaz-Salinas, Aastha Jain, Natasha D. Durham, James B. Munro
Conformational dynamics of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein (S) mediate exposure of the binding site for the cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The N-terminal domain (NTD) of S binds terminal sialic acid (SA) moieties on the cell surface, but the functional role of this interaction in virus entry is unknown. Here, we report
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Highly stretchable dynamic hydrogels for soft multilayer electronics Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Stephen J. K. O’Neill, Zehuan Huang, Xiaoyi Chen, Renata L. Sala, Jade A. McCune, George G. Malliaras, Oren A. Scherman
Recent progress in the development of synthetic polymer networks has enabled the next generation of hydrogel-based machines and devices. The ability to mimic the mechanical and electrical properties of human tissue gives great potential toward the fields of bioelectronics and soft robotics. However, fabricating hydrogel devices that display high ionic conductivity while maintaining high stretchability
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Optical super-resolution nanothermometry via stimulated emission depletion imaging of upconverting nanoparticles Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Ziyang Ye, Benjamin Harrington, Andrea D. Pickel
From engineering improved device performance to unraveling the breakdown of classical heat transfer laws, far-field optical temperature mapping with nanoscale spatial resolution would benefit diverse areas. However, these attributes are traditionally in opposition because conventional far-field optical temperature mapping techniques are inherently diffraction limited. Optical super-resolution imaging
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Low human interest for the most at-risk reef fishes worldwide Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Nicolas Mouquet, Juliette Langlois, Nicolas Casajus, Arnaud Auber, Ulysse Flandrin, François Guilhaumon, Nicolas Loiseau, Matthew McLean, Aurore Receveur, Rick D. Stuart Smith, David Mouillot
Human interest in biodiversity is essential for effective conservation action but remains poorly quantified at large scales. Here, we investigated human interest for 2408 marine reef fishes using data obtained from online public databases and social media, summarized in two synthetic dimensions, research effort and public attention. Both dimensions are mainly related to geographic range size. Research
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Highly efficient blue light-emitting diodes based on mixed-halide perovskites with reduced chlorine defects Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Yun Gao, Qiuting Cai, Yifan He, Dingshuo Zhang, Qingli Cao, Meiyi Zhu, Zichao Ma, Baodan Zhao, Haiping He, Dawei Di, Zhizhen Ye, Xingliang Dai
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) provide excellent opportunities for low-cost, color-saturated, and large-area displays. However, the performance of blue PeLEDs lags far behind that of their green and red counterparts. Here, we show that the external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of blue PeLEDs scale linearly with the photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QYs) of CsPb(Br x Cl 1− x ) 3 nanocrystals
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Endogenous retroviruses mediate transcriptional rewiring in response to oncogenic signaling in colorectal cancer Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Atma Ivancevic, David M. Simpson, Olivia M. Joyner, Stacey M. Bagby, Lily L. Nguyen, Ben G. Bitler, Todd M. Pitts, Edward B. Chuong
Cancer cells exhibit rewired transcriptional regulatory networks that promote tumor growth and survival. However, the mechanisms underlying the formation of these pathological networks remain poorly understood. Through a pan-cancer epigenomic analysis, we found that primate-specific endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are a rich source of enhancers displaying cancer-specific activity. In colorectal cancer
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Direct single-cell observation of a key Escherichia coli cell-cycle oscillator Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Ilaria Iuliani, Gladys Mbemba, Marco Cosentino Lagomarsino, Bianca Sclavi
Initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli is coupled to cell size via the DnaA protein, whose activity is dependent on its nucleotide-bound state. However, the oscillations in DnaA activity have never been observed at the single-cell level. By measuring the volume-specific production rate of a reporter protein under control of a DnaA-regulated promoter, we could distinguish two distinct cell-cycle
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In vivo mapping of cellular resolution neuropathology in brain ischemia with diffusion MRI Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-17 Dan Wu, Hong-Hsi Lee, Ruicheng Ba, Victoria Turnbill, Xiaoli Wang, Yu Luo, Piotr Walczak, Els Fieremans, Dmitry S. Novikov, Lee J. Martin, Frances J. Northington, Jiangyang Zhang
Noninvasive mapping of cellular pathology can provide critical diagnostic and prognostic information. Recent advances in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging enabled in vivo examination of tissue microstructures well beyond the imaging resolution. Here, we proposed to use diffusion time–dependent diffusion kurtosis imaging ( t DKI) to simultaneously assess cellular morphology and transmembrane permeability
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N-terminal acetylation of Set1-COMPASS fine-tunes H3K4 methylation patterns Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Hyeonju Woo, Junsoo Oh, Yong-Joon Cho, Goo Taeg Oh, Seon-Young Kim, Kisoon Dan, Dohyun Han, Jung-Shin Lee, TaeSoo Kim
H3K4 methylation by Set1-COMPASS (complex of proteins associated with Set1) is a conserved histone modification. Although it is critical for gene regulation, the posttranslational modifications of this complex that affect its function are largely unexplored. This study showed that N-terminal acetylation of Set1-COMPASS proteins by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) can modulate H3K4 methylation patterns
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How sex and gender shape functional brain networks Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Gloria Matte Bon, Dominik Kraft, Tobias Kaufmann
Sex and gender differences exist in the prevalence and clinical manifestation of common brain disorders. Identifying their neural correlates may help improve clinical care.
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Smoke-charged vortex doubles hemispheric aerosol in the middle stratosphere and buffers ozone depletion Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Chaoqun Ma, Hang Su, Jos Lelieveld, William Randel, Pengfei Yu, Meinrat O. Andreae, Yafang Cheng
Australian mega-wildfires in the summer of 2019-2020 injected smoke into the stratosphere, causing strong ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere. Here, we model the smoke plume and reproduce its unexpected trajectory toward the middle stratosphere at ~35-kilometer altitude. We show that a smoke-charged vortex (SCV) induced and maintained by absorbing aerosols played a key role in lofting pollutants
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IRF8-mutant B cell lymphoma evades immunity through a CD74-dependent deregulation of antigen processing and presentation in MHCII complexes Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Zhijun Qiu, Jihane Khalife, Purushoth Ethiraj, Carine Jaafar, An-Ping Lin, Kenneth N. Holder, Jacob P. Ritter, Lilly Chiou, Gabriela Huelgas-Morales, Sadia Aslam, Zhao Zhang, Zhijie Liu, Shailee Arya, Yogesh K. Gupta, Patricia L. M. Dahia, Ricardo C.T. Aguiar
The mechanism by which interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) mutation contributes to lymphomagenesis is unknown. We modeled IRF8 variants in B cell lymphomas and found that they affected the expression of regulators of antigen presentation. Expression of IRF8 mutants in murine B cell lymphomas suppressed CD4, but not CD8, activation elicited by antigen presentation and downmodulated CD74 and human
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DNA methylation enables recurrent endogenization of giant viruses in an animal relative Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Luke A. Sarre, Iana V. Kim, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Marine Olivetta, Hiroshi Suga, Omaya Dudin, Arnau Sebé-Pedrós, Alex de Mendoza
5-Methylcytosine (5mC) is a widespread silencing mechanism that controls genomic parasites. In eukaryotes, 5mC has gained complex roles in gene regulation beyond parasite control, yet 5mC has also been lost in many lineages. The causes for 5mC retention and its genomic consequences are still poorly understood. Here, we show that the protist closely related to animals Amoebidium appalachense features
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Direct flipping dynamics and quantized enrichment of chirality at single-molecule resolution Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Weilin Hu, Zhiyun Zhang, Wan Xiong, Mingyao Li, Yong Yan, Caiyao Yang, Qi Zou, Jing-Tao Lü, He Tian, Xuefeng Guo
Chirality is an important aspect of nature, and numerous macroscopic methods have been developed to understand and control chirality. For the chiral tertiary amines, their flexible flipping process makes it possible to achieve high chiral controllability without bond formation and breaking. Here, we present a type of stable chiral single-molecule devices formed by tertiary amines, using graphene-molecule-graphene
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Functional brain networks are associated with both sex and gender in children Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Elvisha Dhamala, Dani S. Bassett, B.T. Yeo, Avram J. Holmes
Sex and gender are associated with human behavior throughout the life span and across health and disease, but whether they are associated with similar or distinct neural phenotypes is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that, in children, sex and gender are uniquely reflected in the intrinsic functional connectivity of the brain. Somatomotor, visual, control, and limbic networks are preferentially associated
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Orally administrated liquid metal agents for inflammation-targeted alleviation of inflammatory bowel diseases Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Miaodeng Liu, Jinhui Zou, Heli Li, Yunfan Zhou, Qiying Lv, Qian Cheng, Jia Liu, Lin Wang, Zheng Wang
Rapid drug clearance and off-target effects of therapeutic drugs can induce low bioavailability and systemic side effects and gravely restrict the therapeutic effects of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, we propose an amplifying targeting strategy based on orally administered gallium (Ga)-based liquid metal (LM) nano-agents to efficiently eliminate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS)
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Hardware implementation of backpropagation using progressive gradient descent for in situ training of multilayer neural networks Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Eveline R. W. van Doremaele, Tim Stevens, Stijn Ringeling, Simone Spolaor, Marco Fattori, Yoeri van de Burgt
Neural network training can be slow and energy-expensive due to the frequent transfer of weight data between digital memory and processing units. Neuromorphic systems can accelerate neural networks by performing multiply-accumulate operations in parallel using nonvolatile analog memory. However, executing the widely used backpropagation training algorithm in multilayer neural networks requires information—and
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Generative AI enhances individual creativity but reduces the collective diversity of novel content Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Anil R. Doshi, Oliver P. Hauser
Creativity is core to being human. Generative artificial intelligence (AI)—including powerful large language models (LLMs)—holds promise for humans to be more creative by offering new ideas, or less creative by anchoring on generative AI ideas. We study the causal impact of generative AI ideas on the production of short stories in an online experiment where some writers obtained story ideas from an
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Sex-biasing influence of autism-associated Ube3a gene overdosage at connectomic, behavioral, and transcriptomic levels Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Caterina Montani, Luigi Balasco, Marco Pagani, Filomena Grazia Alvino, Noemi Barsotti, A. Elizabeth de Guzman, Alberto Galbusera, Alessia de Felice, Thomas K. Nickl-Jockschat, Sara Migliarini, Simona Casarosa, Pierre Lau, Lorenzo Mattioni, Massimo Pasqualetti, Giovanni Provenzano, Yuri Bozzi, Michael V. Lombardo, Alessandro Gozzi
Genomic mechanisms enhancing risk in males may contribute to sex bias in autism. The ubiquitin protein ligase E3A gene ( Ube3a ) affects cellular homeostasis via control of protein turnover and by acting as transcriptional coactivator with steroid hormone receptors. Overdosage of Ube3a via duplication or triplication of chromosomal region 15q11-13 causes 1 to 2% of autistic cases. Here, we test the
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Revealing a distortive polar order buried in the Fermi sea Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Jiaojian Shi, Wenjing You, Xian Li, Frank Y. Gao, Xinyue Peng, Shangjie Zhang, Jiangxu Li, Yang Zhang, Liang Fu, Patrick J. Taylor, Keith A. Nelson, Edoardo Baldini
Polar metals are challenging to identify spectroscopically because the fingerprints of electric polarization are often obscured by the presence of screening charges. Here, we unravel unambiguous signatures of a distortive polar order buried in the Fermi sea by probing the nonlinear optical response of materials driven by tailored terahertz fields. We apply this strategy to investigate the topological
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CAR memory–like NK cells targeting the membrane proximal domain of mesothelin demonstrate promising activity in ovarian cancer Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Mubin Tarannum, Khanhlinh Dinh, Juliana Vergara, Grace Birch, Yasmin Z. Abdulhamid, Isabel E. Kaplan, Oyku Ay, Andreia Maia, Owen Beaver, Michal Sheffer, Roman Shapiro, Alaa Kassim Ali, Han Dong, James Dongjoo Ham, Eden Bobilev, Sydney James, Amy B. Cameron, Quang-De Nguyen, Suthakar Ganapathy, Chayapatou Chayawatto, John Koreth, Cloud P. Paweletz, Prafulla C. Gokhale, David A. Barbie, Ursula A. Matulonis
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains one of the most lethal gynecological cancers. Cytokine-induced memory–like (CIML) natural killer (NK) cells have shown promising results in preclinical and early-phase clinical trials. In the current study, CIML NK cells demonstrated superior antitumor responses against a panel of EOC cell lines, increased expression of activation receptors, and up-regulation
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Melanoma progression and prognostic models drawn from single-cell, spatial maps of benign and malignant tumors Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Nick R. Love, Claire Williams, Emily E. Killingbeck, Alexander Merleev, Mohammad Saffari Doost, Lan Yu, John D. McPherson, Hidetoshi Mori, Alexander D. Borowsky, Emanual Maverakis, Maija Kiuru
Melanoma clinical outcomes emerge from incompletely understood genetic mechanisms operating within the tumor and its microenvironment. Here, we used single-cell RNA-based spatial molecular imaging (RNA-SMI) in patient-derived archival tumors to reveal clinically relevant markers of malignancy progression and prognosis. We examined spatial gene expression of 203,472 cells inside benign and malignant
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Convergent evolution toward a slow pace of life predisposes insular endotherms to anthropogenic extinctions Sci. Adv. (IF 11.7) Pub Date : 2024-07-12 Ying Xiong, Roberto Rozzi, Yizhou Zhang, Liqing Fan, Jidong Zhao, Dongming Li, Yongfang Yao, Hongtao Xiao, Jing Liu, Xianyin Zeng, Huailiang Xu, Yanzhi Jiang, Fumin Lei
Island vertebrates have evolved a number of morphological, physiological, and life history characteristics that set them apart from their mainland relatives. However, to date, the evolution of metabolism and its impact on the vulnerability to extinction of insular vertebrates remains poorly understood. This study used metabolic data from 2813 species of tetrapod vertebrates, including 695 ectothermic