In this Journal Club, Michaela Fencková discusses a study published in 2020 that examined the effects of acute systemic inflammation on brain glucose metabolism in the context of delirium.

A population of macrophages has been found in muscle spindles that release glutamate, activate primary sensory afferents that are part of the stretch reflex, and have a role in regulating locomotion.

Studies in human cell lines and transgenic mouse models show that non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 phosphorylates tau at Tyr29 and thereby promotes its stabilization and accumulation. In mice, knockdown of TYK2 reduced tau levels and attenuated tau neuropathology.

Bats use echolocation to navigate long distances without relying on other sensory information.

Interoceptive, feeding-related inputs are integrated by BDNF-expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus that project to the brainstem and regulate food intake and feeding-associated jaw movements.

In this Journal Club, Anna Gillespie discusses how the discovery of hippocampal replay during the awake state reshaped our understanding of its role in memory function.

Innate lymphoid cells regulate inhibitory synapse formation in the mouse cortex during early postnatal life.

In their recent Review, Fotiadis and colleagues expertly summarized recent research on structure–function coupling (SFC), a neural marker representing the correspondence between structural and functional neural connections (Fotiadis, P. et al. Structure–function coupling in macroscale human brain networks. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 25, 688–704; 2024)1. They outlined how this marker is important for understanding

We appreciate the thoughtful Correspondence from A. Turnbull, F. V. Lin and Z. Zhang about our recent Review (Fotiadis, P. et al. Structure–function coupling in macroscale human brain networks. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 25, 688–704; 2024)1, in which we synthesized recent work assessing the dynamic relationship between structural and functional connectivity in the human brain, commonly referred to as structure–function

Tan et al. identify a population of leptin-responsive neurons that regulate food intake and body weight.

After injury, regeneration of retinal ganglion cells and reconnection to their original target — the suprachiasmatic nucleus —is achieved by manipulating guidance cues, leading to the formation of a functional circuit that supports functional recovery.

A series of papers provide an overview of the adult Drosophila melanogaster whole-brain connectome and how the resulting resource allows for more sophisticated approaches to investigate computations in the fly brain.

Manipulating the synaptic strength of cortical neurons alters sleep pressure in mice.

Blocking voltage-gated calcium channels reduces capillary narrowing by pericytes and improves cerebral blood flow in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease.

Diet-induced obesity in mice is accompanied by hypothalamic inflammation, which is shown here to result in thickened perineuronal nets in arcuate nucleus neurons, insulin resistance and metabolic disease.

An anterior cingulate cortex to lateral septum circuit underlies the drive of spiny mice to affiliate with larger groups in preference to smaller ones.

In this Journal club, Teruhiro Okuyama discusses the 2005 article that demonstrated the existence of ‘concept cells’ in the medial temporal lobe that show selective responses to specific individuals and play a key role in social memory.

Mice that witness a cage mate’s distress become resilient to future adverse events as a result of altered serotonin release in the lateral habenula.

Philip Tovote describes the 1980 paper in which Michael Fanselow systematically investigated freezing as a defensive response in rodents

Activation of nociceptor neurons expressing TRPV1 downregulates gut regulatory T cells.

Most astrocytes in the mouse brain have a primary cilium that transduces local cues to drive distinct astrocytic transcriptomic programmes that determine regional astrocytic subtypes, and, in turn, shape local circuits and influence behaviour.

Study identifies 'predictive grid cells' in the rat entorhinal cortex that encode projected future locations.

Thyroid hormone induces cortical circuit plasticity to modulate exploratory behaviours in mice.

A study in humans reveals that the hippocampus encodes relevant task variables in abstract format during inferential reasoning, which enables the generalization needed for such complex cognition.

We thank Murphy and Woolnough for their comments on our recent Review (Fedorenko, E., Ivanova, A. A, & Regev, T. I. The language network as a natural kind within the broader landscape of the human brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 25, 289–312; 2024)1, which we respond to below (Murphy, E. & Woolnough, O. The language network is topographically diverse and driven by rapid syntactic inferences. Nat. Rev. Neurosci

In their timely Review article, Fedorenko and colleagues highlight how the posterior temporal cortex “may be the most critical and irreplaceable1” node of the language network (LN), a conclusion that we concur with (Fedorenko, E., Ivanova, A. A. & Regev, T. I. The language network as a natural kind within the broader landscape of the human brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 25, 289–312; 2024)1. Here, we take

A study finds that microglia depletion has no effect on experience-dependent maturation of visual cortex circuitry in mice.

Longitudinal precision functional mapping reveals that acute desynchronization of functional connectivity organization induced by the psychedelic psilocybin can persist long-term in the human brain.

Two studies use large-scale genome sequencing data to identify variants in a noncoding gene that cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome in many individuals.

Cerebellar Purkinje neurons modulate thirst in mice

Correction to: Nature Reviews Neuroscience https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-020-0262-x, published online 6 February 2020.

Acid-sensing ion channel 3 in nociceptors exacerbates inflammation in psoriasis by inducing the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from these neurons.

A new modelling method developed in male Drosophila melanogaster maps how populations of neurons transform visual stimuli into courtship behaviours without recording neural activity.

A study maps the effects of ageing and sex on gene regulation in specific human cortical cell types.

The maladaptive reward learning associated with morphine administration is shown here to be mediated by changes in dopamine-release dynamics in reward circuitry resulting from increased myelination specifically in the ventral tegmental area.