样式: 排序: IF: - GO 导出 标记为已读
-
Insights Gained from Including People in Our Models of Nature and Modes of Science Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-17 Anne K. Salomon, Iain McKechnie
Across the natural sciences, humans are typically conceptualized as external disruptors of nature rather than adaptable components of it. Historical evidence, however, challenges this dominant schema. Here, we describe the broad repertoire of ecological functions performed by people in place-based societies across the Pacific Ocean over millennia, illustrating their roles as ecosystem engineers, dispersers
-
How Big Is Big? The Effective Population Size of Marine Bacteria Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-17 Haiwei Luo
Genome-reduced bacteria constitute most of the cells in surface-ocean bacterioplankton communities. Their extremely large census population sizes (Nc) have been unfoundedly translated to huge effective population sizes (Ne)—the size of an ideal population carrying as much neutral genetic diversity as the actual population. As Ne scales inversely with the strength of genetic drift, constraining the
-
Feedbacks Regulating the Salinization of Coastal Landscapes Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Matthew L. Kirwan, Holly A. Michael, Keryn B. Gedan, Katherine L. Tully, Sergio Fagherazzi, Nate G. McDowell, Grace D. Molino, Dannielle Pratt, William G. Reay, Stephanie Stotts
The impact of saltwater intrusion on coastal forests and farmland is typically understood as sea-level-driven inundation of a static terrestrial landscape, where ecosystems neither adapt to nor influence saltwater intrusion. Yet recent observations of tree mortality and reduced crop yields have inspired new process-based research into the hydrologic, geomorphic, biotic, and anthropogenic mechanisms
-
Metabolic Flux Modeling in Marine Ecosystems Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-11 Helen Scott, Daniel Segrè
Ocean metabolism constitutes a complex, multiscale ensemble of biochemical reaction networks harbored within and between the boundaries of a myriad of organisms. Gaining a quantitative understanding of how these networks operate requires mathematical tools capable of solving in silico the resource allocation problem each cell faces in real life. Toward this goal, stoichiometric modeling of metabolism
-
How Does the Ocean Melt Antarctic Ice Shelves? Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Madelaine G. Rosevear, Bishakhdatta Gayen, Catherine A. Vreugdenhil, Benjamin K. Galton-Fenzi
The present-day state and future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet depend on the rate at which the ocean melts its fringing ice shelves. Ocean heat must cross many physical and dynamical barriers to melt ice shelves, with the last of these being the ice–ocean boundary layer. This review summarizes the current understanding of ice–ocean boundary-layer dynamics, focusing on recent progress from laboratory experiments
-
Coral Disease: Direct and Indirect Agents, Mechanisms of Disease, and Innovations for Increasing Resistance and Resilience Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-09-04 Rebecca L. Vega Thurber, Denise Silva, Lauren Speare, Aldo Croquer, Alex J. Veglia, Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip, Jesse R. Zaneveld, Erinn M. Muller, Adrienne M.S. Correa
As climate change drives health declines of tropical reef species, diseases are further eroding ecosystem function and habitat resilience. Coral disease impacts many areas around the world, removing some foundation species to recorded low levels and thwarting worldwide efforts to restore reefs. What we know about coral disease processes remains insufficient to overcome many current challenges in reef
-
The Serendipity of Discovery: Life of a Geochemist Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-27 Willard S. Moore
My strategy for writing this autobiography is to use examples of how working on seemingly different projects can often lead to outcomes more important than originally envisioned. Serendipity is a happy accident—specifically, the accident of discovering something useful without directly looking for it. This often occurs when two research projects converge unexpectedly. The main text contains examples
-
Improving Ocean Management Using Insights from Space Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-19 Douglas J. McCauley, Samantha Andrzejaczek, Barbara A. Block, Kyle C. Cavanaugh, Hannah C. Cubaynes, Elliott L. Hazen, Chuanmin Hu, David Kroodsma, Jiwei Li, Hillary S. Young
Advancements in space-based ocean observation and computational data processing techniques have demonstrated transformative value for managing living resources, biodiversity, and ecosystems of the ocean. We synthesize advancements in leveraging satellite-derived insights to better understand and manage fishing, an emerging revolution of marine industrialization, ocean hazards, sea surface dynamics
-
Standardized Methods to Assess the Impacts of Thermal Stress on Coral Reef Marine Life Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-08 Christian R. Voolstra, Rachel Alderdice, Luigi Colin, Sebastian Staab, Amy Apprill, Jean-Baptiste Raina
The Earth's oceans have absorbed more than 90% of the excess, climate change–induced atmospheric heat. The resulting rise in oceanic temperatures affects all species and can lead to the collapse of marine ecosystems, including coral reefs. Here, we review the range of methods used to measure thermal stress impacts on reef-building corals, highlighting current standardization practices and necessary
-
The Desiccation and Catastrophic Refilling of the Mediterranean: 50 Years of Facts, Hypotheses, and Myths Around the Messinian Salinity Crisis Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-08-06 Marco Roveri, Stefano Lugli, Vinicio Manzi
According to some authors, the Messinian salinity crisis was ended by a giant waterfall or megaflood 5.33 million years ago, when the Atlantic Ocean reconnected in a catastrophic way with the desiccated Mediterranean, creating the Strait of Gibraltar. An erosional surface deeply cutting upper Miocene or older rocks and sealed by lower Pliocene sediments is the geological feature that inspired this
-
Arctic Continental-Shelf Sediment Dynamics Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 Emily F. Eidam, Nina Stark, Jaap H. Nienhuis, Molly Keogh, Jeff Obelcz
Sediments covering Arctic continental shelves are uniquely impacted by ice processes. Delivery of sediments is generally limited to the summer, when rivers are ice free, permafrost bluffs are thawing, and sea ice is undergoing its seasonal retreat. Once delivered to the coastal zone, sediments follow complex pathways to their final depocenters—for example, fluvial sediments may experience enhanced
-
New Technologies for Monitoring Coastal Ecosystem Dynamics Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-26 Kyle C. Cavanaugh, Tom W. Bell, Karen E. Aerni, Jarrett E.K. Byrnes, Seth McCammon, Madison M. Smith
In recent years, our view of coastal ecosystems has expanded and come into greater focus. We are currently making more types of observations over larger areas and at higher frequencies than ever before. These advances are timely, as coastal ecosystems are facing increasing pressures from climate change and anthropogenic stressors. This article synthesizes recent literature on emerging technologies
-
Effects of Environmental and Climatic Changes on Coral Reef Islands Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Paul S. Kench
Coral reef islands are low-lying, wave-deposited sedimentary landforms. Using an eco-morphodynamic framework, this review examines the sensitivity of islands to climatic and environmental change. Reef island formation and morphological dynamics are directly controlled by nearshore wave processes and ecologically mediated sediment supply. The review highlights that reef islands are intrinsically dynamic
-
Oyster Restoration to Recover Ecosystem Services Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-19 Rachel S. Smith, Jessica L. Pruett
Oyster reef loss represents one of the most dramatic declines of a foundation species worldwide. Oysters provide valuable ecosystem services (ES), including habitat provisioning, water filtration, and shoreline protection. Since the 1990s, a global community of science and practice has organized around oyster restoration with the goal of restoring these valuable services. We highlight ES-based approaches
-
Climate and Human Evolution: Insights from Marine Records Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Thibaut Caley, Antoine Souron, Kevin T. Uno, Gabriele A. Macho
The relationship between climate and human evolution is complex, and the causal mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we review and synthesize what is currently known about climate forcings on African landscapes, focusing mainly on the last 4 million years. We use information derived from marine sediment archives and data-numerical climate model comparisons and integration. There exists a heterogeneity
-
The State of Marine Social Science: Yesterday, Today, and into the Future Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-10 Ana K. Spalding, Emma McKinley
Rapidly changing ocean conditions are resulting in changes in marine species and across entire ecosystems that, in turn, affect communities and individuals who rely on these resources for their livelihoods, culture, and sustenance. Marine social science, an emerging field that embraces diverse methods to understand human–ocean relationships, is increasingly called on to contribute to transdisciplinary
-
A Global Inventory of Natural and Synthetic Estrogens in Aquatic Systems Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-06 Joanna J. Waniek, Helena Osterholz, Helena C. Frazão
Estrogens are a group of endocrine disruptors that are recognized as a threat to the world's ecosystems and are easily transported through aquatic systems from mainly anthropogenic sources. To illustrate this growing problem, we have compiled a global overview of measured concentrations of natural and synthetic estrogens restricted to freshwater systems (lakes, rivers, and lagoons) and marine coastal
-
The Science, Engineering, and Validation of Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal and Storage Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-02 Scott C. Doney, Wiley H. Wolfe, Darren C. McKee, Jay G. Fuhrman
Scenarios to stabilize global climate and meet international climate agreements require rapid reductions in human carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, often augmented by substantial carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere. While some ocean-based removal techniques show potential promise as part of a broader CDR and decarbonization portfolio, no marine approach is ready yet for deployment at scale
-
Beyond Meta-Omics: Functional Genomics in Future Marine Microbiome Research Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Yin Chen
When President Bill Clinton and Francis Collins, then the director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, celebrated the near completion of the human genome sequence at the White House in the summer of 2000, it is unlikely that they or anyone else could have predicted the blossoming of meta-omics in the following two decades and their applications in modern human microbiome and environmental
-
How Viruses Shape Microbial Plankton Microdiversity Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Francisco Rodriguez-Valera, Christopher Bellas
One major conundrum of modern microbiology is the large pangenome (gene pool) present in microbes, which is much larger than those found in complex organisms such as humans. Here, we argue that this diversity of gene pools carried by different strains is maintained largely due to the control exercised by viral predation. Viruses maintain a high strain diversity through time that we describe as constant-diversity
-
Physics of the Seasonal Sea Ice Zone Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-06-19 Lettie A. Roach, Madison M. Smith, Agnieszka Herman, Damien Ringeisen
The seasonal sea ice zone encompasses the region between the winter maximum and summer minimum sea ice extent. In both the Arctic and Antarctic, the majority of the ice cover can now be classified as seasonal. Here, we review the sea ice physics that governs the evolution of seasonal sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic, spanning sea ice growth, melt, and dynamics and including interactions with ocean
-
Lessons Learned from the Sea Star Wasting Disease Investigation Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-06-17 Ian Hewson, Mitchell R. Johnson, Brandon Reyes-Chavez
Marine invertebrate mass mortality events (MMEs) threaten biodiversity and have the potential to catastrophically alter ecosystem structure. A proximal question around acute MMEs is their etiologies and/or environmental drivers. Establishing a robust cause of mortality is challenging in marine habitats due to the complexity of the interactions among species and the free dispersal of microorganisms
-
Land Bridges and Rafting Theories to Explain Terrestrial-Vertebrate Biodiversity on Madagascar Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-06-14 Jason R. Ali, S. Blair Hedges
Madagascar's celebrated land-vertebrate assemblage has long been studied and discussed. How the ancestors of the 30 different lineages arrived on the island, which has existed since 85 Mya and is separated from neighboring Africa by 430 km of water, is a deeply important question. Did the colonizations take place when the landmass formed part of Gondwana, or did they occur later and involve either
-
Microbialite Accretion and Growth: Lessons from Shark Bay and the Bahamas Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 R. Pamela Reid, Erica P. Suosaari, Amanda M. Oehlert, Clément G.L. Pollier, Christophe Dupraz
Microbialites provide geological evidence of one of Earth's oldest ecosystems, potentially recording long-standing interactions between coevolving life and the environment. Here, we focus on microbialite accretion and growth and consider how environmental and microbial forces that characterize living ecosystems in Shark Bay and the Bahamas interact to form an initial microbialite architecture, which
-
Life in the Midwater: The Ecology of Deep Pelagic Animals Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Steven H.D. Haddock, C. Anela Choy
The water column of the deep ocean is dark, cold, low in food, and under crushing pressures, yet it is full of diverse life. Due to its enormous volume, this mesopelagic zone is home to some of the most abundant animals on the planet. Rather than struggling to survive, they thrive—owing to a broad set of adaptations for feeding, behavior, and physiology. Our understanding of these adaptations is constrained
-
The Four-Dimensional Carbon Cycle of the Southern Ocean Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Alison R. Gray
The Southern Ocean plays a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle, dominating the oceanic uptake of heat and carbon added by anthropogenic activities and modulating atmospheric carbon concentrations in past, present, and future climates. However, the remote and extreme conditions found there make the Southern Ocean perpetually one of the most difficult places on the planet to observe and to model
-
Metal Organic Complexation in Seawater: Historical Background and Future Directions Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 James W. Moffett, Rene M. Boiteau
The speciation of most biologically active trace metals in seawater is dominated by complexation by organic ligands. This review traces the history of work in this area, from the early observations that showed surprisingly poor recoveries using metal preconcentration protocols to the present day, where advances in mass spectroscopy and stable isotope geochemistry are providing new insights into the
-
Climate, Oxygen, and the Future of Marine Biodiversity Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Curtis Deutsch, Justin L. Penn, Noelle Lucey
The ocean enabled the diversification of life on Earth by adding O2 to the atmosphere, yet marine species remain most subject to O2 limitation. Human industrialization is intensifying the aerobic challenges to marine ecosystems by depleting the ocean's O2 inventory through the global addition of heat and local addition of nutrients. Historical observations reveal an ∼2% decline in upper-ocean O2 and
-
Combined Use of Short-Lived Radionuclides (234Th and 210Po) as Tracers of Sinking Particles in the Ocean Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Montserrat Roca-Martí, Viena Puigcorbé
Radionuclides can provide key information on the temporal dimension of environmental processes, given their well-known rates of radioactive decay and production. Naturally occurring radionuclides, such as 234Th and 210Po, have been used as powerful particle tracers in the marine environment to study particle cycling and vertical export. Since their application to quantify the magnitude of particulate
-
Using the Fossil Record to Understand Extinction Risk and Inform Marine Conservation in a Changing World Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Seth Finnegan, Paul G. Harnik, Rowan Lockwood, Heike K. Lotze, Loren McClenachan, Sara S. Kahanamoku
Understanding the long-term effects of ongoing global environmental change on marine ecosystems requires a cross-disciplinary approach. Deep-time and recent fossil records can contribute by identifying traits and environmental conditions associated with elevated extinction risk during analogous events in the geologic past and by providing baseline data that can be used to assess historical change and
-
Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Foundation Species Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Thomas Wernberg, Mads S. Thomsen, Julia K. Baum, Melanie J. Bishop, John F. Bruno, Melinda A. Coleman, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Karine Gagnon, Qiang He, Daniel Murdiyarso, Kerrylee Rogers, Brian R. Silliman, Dan A. Smale, Samuel Starko, Mathew A. Vanderklift
Marine foundation species are the biotic basis for many of the world's coastal ecosystems, providing structural habitat, food, and protection for myriad plants and animals as well as many ecosystem services. However, climate change poses a significant threat to foundation species and the ecosystems they support. We review the impacts of climate change on common marine foundation species, including
-
A Life Outside Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 M.A.R. Koehl
How do the morphologies of organisms affect their physical interactions with the environment and other organisms? My research in marine systems couples field studies of the physical habitats, life history strategies, and ecological interactions of organisms with laboratory analyses of their biomechanics. Here, I review how we pursued answers to three questions about marine organisms: ( a) how benthic
-
The Physical Oceanography of Ice-Covered Moons Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Krista M. Soderlund, Marc Rovira-Navarro, Michael Le Bars, Britney E. Schmidt, Theo Gerkema
In the outer solar system, a growing number of giant planet satellites are now known to be abodes for global oceans hidden below an outer layer of ice. These planetary oceans are a natural laboratory for studying physical oceanographic processes in settings that challenge traditional assumptions made for Earth's oceans. While some driving mechanisms are common to both systems, such as buoyancy-driven
-
Phaeocystis: A Global Enigma Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Walker O. Smith, Scarlett Trimborn
The genus Phaeocystis is globally distributed, with blooms commonly occurring on continental shelves. This unusual phytoplankter has two major morphologies: solitary cells and cells embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Only colonies form blooms. Their large size (commonly 2 mm but up to 3 cm) and mucilaginous envelope allow the colonies to escape predation, but data are inconsistent as to whether colonies
-
Viruses in Marine Invertebrate Holobionts: Complex Interactions Between Phages and Bacterial Symbionts Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Kun Zhou, Ting Zhang, Xiao-Wei Chen, Ying Xu, Rui Zhang, Pei-Yuan Qian
Marine invertebrates are ecologically and economically important and have formed holobionts by evolving symbiotic relationships with cellular and acellular microorganisms that reside in and on their tissues. In recent decades, significant focus on symbiotic cellular microorganisms has led to the discovery of various functions and a considerable expansion of our knowledge of holobiont functions. Despite
-
Designing More Informative Multiple-Driver Experiments Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-25 Mridul K. Thomas, Ravi Ranjan
For decades, multiple-driver/stressor research has examined interactions among drivers that will undergo large changes in the future: temperature, pH, nutrients, oxygen, pathogens, and more. However, the most commonly used experimental designs—present-versus-future and ANOVA—fail to contribute to general understanding or predictive power. Linking experimental design to process-based mathematical models
-
The Evolution, Assembly, and Dynamics of Marine Holobionts Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Raúl A. González-Pech, Vivian Y. Li, Vanessa Garcia, Elizabeth Boville, Marta Mammone, Hiroaki Kitano, Kim B. Ritchie, Mónica Medina
The holobiont concept (i.e., multiple living beings in close symbiosis with one another and functioning as a unit) is revolutionizing our understanding of biology, especially in marine systems. The earliest marine holobiont was likely a syntrophic partnership of at least two prokaryotic members. Since then, symbiosis has enabled marine organisms to conquer all ocean habitats through the formation of
-
Hidden Threat: The Influence of Sea-Level Rise on Coastal Groundwater and the Convergence of Impacts on Municipal Infrastructure Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-04 Shellie Habel, Charles H. Fletcher, Matthew M. Barbee, Kyrstin L. Fornace
Sea-level rise (SLR) is influencing coastal groundwater by both elevating the water table and shifting salinity profiles landward, making the subsurface increasingly corrosive. Low-lying coastal municipalities worldwide (potentially 1,546, according to preliminary analysis) are vulnerable to an array of impacts spurred by these phenomena, which can occur decades before SLR-induced surface inundation
-
The Global Turbidity Current Pump and Its Implications for Organic Carbon Cycling Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Peter J. Talling, Sophie Hage, Megan L. Baker, Thomas S. Bianchi, Robert G. Hilton, Katherine L. Maier
Submarine turbidity currents form the largest sediment accumulations on Earth, raising the question of their role in global carbon cycles. It was previously inferred that terrestrial organic carbon was primarily incinerated on shelves and that most turbidity current systems are presently inactive. Turbidity currents were thus not considered in global carbon cycles, and the burial efficiency of global
-
The Microbial Ecology of Estuarine Ecosystems Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-07 Byron C. Crump, Jennifer L. Bowen
Human civilization relies on estuaries, and many estuarine ecosystem services are provided by microbial communities. These services include high rates of primary production that nourish harvests of commercially valuable species through fisheries and aquaculture, the transformation of terrestrial and anthropogenic materials to help ensure the water quality necessary to support recreation and tourism
-
Modeling the Vertical Flux of Organic Carbon in the Global Ocean Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-07 Adrian B. Burd
The oceans play a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle, providing a sink for atmospheric carbon. Key to this role is the vertical transport of organic carbon from the surface to the deep ocean. This transport is a product of a diverse range of physical and biogeochemical processes that determine the formation and fate of this material, and in particular how much carbon is sequestered in the
-
Welcoming More Participation in Open Data Science for the Oceans Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-07 Alexa L. Fredston, Julia S. Stewart Lowndes
Open science is a global movement happening across all research fields. Enabled by technology and the open web, it builds on years of efforts by individuals, grassroots organizations, institutions, and agencies. The goal is to share knowledge and broaden participation in science, from early ideation to making research outputs openly accessible to all (open access). With an emphasis on transparency
-
Predation in a Microbial World: Mechanisms and Trade-Offs of Flagellate Foraging Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Thomas Kiørboe
Heterotrophic nanoflagellates are the main consumers of bacteria and picophytoplankton in the ocean and thus play a key role in ocean biogeochemistry. They are found in all major branches of the eukaryotic tree of life but are united by all being equipped with one or a few flagella that they use to generate a feeding current. These microbial predators are faced with the challenges that viscosity at
-
Neutral Theory and Plankton Biodiversity Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-27 Michael J. Behrenfeld, Kelsey M. Bisson
The biodiversity of the plankton has been interpreted largely through the monocle of competition. The spatial distancing of phytoplankton in nature is so large that cell boundary layers rarely overlap, undermining opportunities for resource-based competitive exclusion. Neutral theory accounts for biodiversity patterns based purely on random birth, death, immigration, and speciation events and has commonly
-
The Impact of Fine-Scale Currents on Biogeochemical Cycles in a Changing Ocean Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-23 Marina Lévy, Damien Couespel, Clément Haëck, M.G. Keerthi, Inès Mangolte, Channing J. Prend
Fine-scale currents, O(1–100 km, days–months), are actively involved in the transport and transformation of biogeochemical tracers in the ocean. However, their overall impact on large-scale biogeochemical cycling on the timescale of years remains poorly understood due to the multiscale nature of the problem. Here, we summarize these impacts and critically review current estimates. We examine how eddy
-
Marine Transgression in Modern Times Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Christopher J. Hein, Matthew L. Kirwan
Marine transgression associated with rising sea levels causes coastal erosion, landscape transitions, and displacement of human populations globally. This process takes two general forms. Along open-ocean coasts, active transgression occurs when sediment-delivery rates are unable to keep pace with accommodation creation, leading to wave-driven erosion and/or landward translation of coastal landforms
-
Modes and Mechanisms of Pacific Decadal-Scale Variability Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-09-15 E. Di Lorenzo, T. Xu, Y. Zhao, M. Newman, A. Capotondi, S. Stevenson, D.J. Amaya, B.T. Anderson, R. Ding, J.C. Furtado, Y. Joh, G. Liguori, J. Lou, A.J. Miller, G. Navarra, N. Schneider, D.J. Vimont, S. Wu, H. Zhang
The modes of Pacific decadal-scale variability (PDV), traditionally defined as statistical patterns of variance, reflect to first order the ocean's integration (i.e., reddening) of atmospheric forcing that arises from both a shift and a change in strength of the climatological (time-mean) atmospheric circulation. While these patterns concisely describe PDV, they do not distinguish among the key dynamical
-
Microbial Interactions with Dissolved Organic Matter Are Central to Coral Reef Ecosystem Function and Resilience Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-09-13 Craig E. Nelson, Linda Wegley Kelly, Andreas F. Haas
To thrive in nutrient-poor waters, coral reefs must retain and recycle materials efficiently. This review centers microbial processes in facilitating the persistence and stability of coral reefs, specifically the role of these processes in transforming and recycling the dissolved organic matter (DOM) that acts as an invisible currency in reef production, nutrient exchange, and organismal interactions
-
Novel Insights into Marine Iron Biogeochemistry from Iron Isotopes Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-09-13 Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Tim M. Conway
The micronutrient iron plays a major role in setting the magnitude and distribution of primary production across the global ocean. As such, an understanding of the sources, sinks, and internal cycling processes that drive the oceanic distribution of iron is key to unlocking iron's role in the global carbon cycle and climate, both today and in the geologic past. Iron isotopic analyses of seawater have
-
Quantifying the Ocean's Biological Pump and Its Carbon Cycle Impacts on Global Scales Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-09-07 David A. Siegel, Timothy DeVries, Ivona Cetinić, Kelsey M. Bisson
The biological pump transports organic matter, created by phytoplankton productivity in the well-lit surface ocean, to the ocean's dark interior, where it is consumed by animals and heterotrophic microbes and remineralized back to inorganic forms. This downward transport of organic matter sequesters carbon dioxide from exchange with the atmosphere on timescales of months to millennia, depending on
-
Carbon Export in the Ocean: A Biologist's Perspective Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-09-03 Morten H. Iversen
Understanding the nature of organic matter flux in the ocean remains a major goal of oceanography because it impacts some of the most important processes in the ocean. Sinking particles are important for carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere and its movement to the deep ocean. They also feed life below the ocean's productive surface and sustain life in the deep sea, in addition to depositing organic
-
Nuclear Reprocessing Tracers Illuminate Flow Features and Connectivity Between the Arctic and Subpolar North Atlantic Oceans Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-09-03 Núria Casacuberta, John N. Smith
Releases of anthropogenic radionuclides from European nuclear fuel reprocessing plants enter the surface circulation of the high-latitude North Atlantic and are transported northward into the Arctic Ocean and southward from the Nordic Seas into the deep North Atlantic, thereby providing tracers of water circulation, mixing, ventilation, and deep-water formation. Early tracer studies focused on 137Cs
-
Rhythms and Clocks in Marine Organisms Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-27 N. Sören Häfker, Gabriele Andreatta, Alessandro Manzotti, Angela Falciatore, Florian Raible, Kristin Tessmar-Raible
The regular movements of waves and tides are obvious representations of the oceans’ rhythmicity. But the rhythms of marine life span across ecological niches and timescales, including short (in the range of hours) and long (in the range of days and months) periods. These rhythms regulate the physiology and behavior of individuals, as well as their interactions with each other and with the environment
-
From Stamps to Parabolas Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-27 S. George Philander
I am a child of Sputnik, the satellite launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. That event created opportunities for me to escape the horrors of apartheid by emigrating from South Africa to the United States. There, fortuitously, I was given excellent opportunities to explore how an interplay between the waves and currents influences climate variability, from interannual El Niño events to millennial ice
-
Biological Impacts of Marine Heatwaves Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Kathryn E. Smith, Michael T. Burrows, Alistair J. Hobday, Nathan G. King, Pippa J. Moore, Alex Sen Gupta, Mads S. Thomsen, Thomas Wernberg, Dan A. Smale
Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)—discrete periods of anomalously warm water—have intensified and become more frequent over the past century, impacting the integrity of marine ecosystems globally. We review and synthesize current understanding of MHW impacts at the individual, population, and community
-
Insights from Fossil-Bound Nitrogen Isotopes in Diatoms, Foraminifera, and Corals Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Rebecca S. Robinson, Sandi M. Smart, Jonathan D. Cybulski, Kelton W. McMahon, Basia Marcks, Catherine Nowakowski
Nitrogen is a major limiting element for biological productivity, and thus understanding past variations in nitrogen cycling is central to understanding past and future ocean biogeochemical cycling, global climate cycles, and biodiversity. Organic nitrogen encapsulated in fossil biominerals is generally protected from alteration, making it an important archive of the marine nitrogen cycle on seasonal
-
The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Mary-Louise Timmermans, John M. Toole
The Arctic Ocean's Beaufort Gyre is a dominant feature of the Arctic system, a prominent indicator of climate change, and possibly a control factor for high-latitude climate. The state of knowledge of the wind-driven Beaufort Gyre is reviewed here, including its forcing, relationship to sea-ice cover, source waters, circulation, and energetics. Recent decades have seen pronounced change in all elements
-
Exchange of Plankton, Pollutants, and Particles Across the Nearshore Region Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-08-17 Melissa Moulton, Sutara H. Suanda, Jessica C. Garwood, Nirnimesh Kumar, Melanie R. Fewings, James M. Pringle
Exchange of material across the nearshore region, extending from the shoreline to a few kilometers offshore, determines the concentrations of pathogens and nutrients near the coast and the transport of larvae, whose cross-shore positions influence dispersal and recruitment. Here, we describe a framework for estimating the relative importance of cross-shore exchange mechanisms, including winds, Stokes
-
Gender Equity in Oceanography Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-07-25 Sonya Legg, Caixia Wang, Ellen Kappel, LuAnne Thompson
Gender equity, providing for full participation of people of all genders in the oceanographic workforce, is an important goal for the continued success of the oceanographic enterprise. Here, we describe historical obstructions to gender equity; assess recent progress and the current status of gender equity in oceanography by examining quantitative measures of participation, achievement, and recognition;
-
Lipid Biogeochemistry and Modern Lipidomic Techniques Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci. (IF 14.3) Pub Date : 2022-07-25 Bethanie R. Edwards
Lipids are structurally diverse biomolecules that serve multiple roles in cells. As such, they are used as biomarkers in the modern ocean and as paleoproxies to explore the geological past. Here, I review lipid geochemistry, biosynthesis, and compartmentalization; the varied uses of lipids as biomarkers; and the evolution of analytical techniques used to measure and characterize lipids. Advancements