Flash droughts/floods are extreme weather phenomena that are expected to become increasingly frequent and severe with the changing climate. Flash droughts result from a rapid decline in soil moisture, while flash floods occur due to a high extreme rainfall intensity over a short duration. This study analyzes the ERA5 reanalysis data (hourly temperature, soil moisture, and precipitation) from 1992 to

With the cascading flooding events over the past decades, several structural and non-structural measures have been effectively implemented for improved flood management. However, the uneven impacts of the flooding events have highlighted that socio-economic inequality amongst the community needs to be addressed along with hazards to devise long term and sustainable flood management strategies. This

The two greenspace indicators, greenspace coverage (GC) and enhanced vegetation index (EVI), have been widely used in studies on surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII). However, GC, which is more practical for urban planning, has not been as extensively involved in cross-regional SUHII studies as EVI. This study investigated 233 Chinese cities spanning three climate zones to examine how the correlations

Recent publications on vulnerability assessment of weather-related disasters exhibit three main drawbacks: (1) minimal explanation of high contributing features; (2) limited validation; and (3) partial presentation of validation results. Our research addresses these gaps by thoroughly examining the most influential factors on the Socio-Economic Vulnerability Index (SEVI). We internally validated SEVI

Urban water supply networks are crucial for the transportation of water resources. However, with the increasing frequency and severity of cold wave disasters linked to climate change, the impact on water supply systems has become a critical concern. These impacts include pipe failures, customer water outages, and challenges in meeting peak winter water demand. To address this, our study analyzes data

Mobile monitoring for urban air temperature at a microscale in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada, a unique region dominated by suburban sprawl, was completed via cycling. We sampled seven pre-determined routes across Mississauga, resulting in 3144 min of air temperature measurements between July and August 2022. We developed land use regression models to determine if stopping for 5-min periods every 20 min

This paper aims to explore the differences in thermal comfort in outdoor open spaces with different thermal environmental backgrounds (under the ward building (DW) and outdoor garden (OG)) at a hospital in Xi'an, a city in a cold region of China. Meteorological measurements and a thermal comfort survey were conducted from May to July to assess the spatiotemporal location and thermal perceptions of

Rapid urbanization has resulted in notable environmental challenges concerning urban parks and their associated ecosystem services. This study provides an analysis of the spatial landscape patterns of five representative urban parks in Chengdu, China. The analysis identified the cooling effects of the parks and their corresponding ecological environment based on field observations. Additionally, the

The concentration of human activity and buildings in cities, combined with the general lack of green spaces, give rise to multiple sustainability challenges. At the same time, cities have become important arenas for decarbonization efforts. Green roofs have emerged as a promising option to alleviate this multitude of sustainability challenges though the diverse benefits they can provide. This study

This study aims to unravel the seasonal differences in outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) in a cold winter-hot summer region, as well as the comprehensive impact of meteorological and human factors, along with people's activity patterns in public spaces, on OTC. Questionnaire surveys, microclimate measurements, and photo recording were conducted over 21 daytime sessions in seven public spaces across winter

Urban water infrastructure (UWI) plays a critical role in achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) by providing safe drinking water, sanitation, and wastewater management, and contributing to sustainable cities. However, UWI faces significant challenges, including the high cost of failure in the face of devastating natural disasters increasingly caused by climate change. Many current infrastructures

As global warming intensifies and heatwaves become more frequent, thermal comfort has emerged as a crucial factor in creating habitable and equitable urban environments. Cities worldwide are promoting sustainable transportation and reducing vehicle usage by enhancing cycling infrastructures. However, the thermal comfort of cyclists has often been neglected, with most research focusing on pedestrians

Ambient air pollution and weather have an impact on respiratory diseases. This study analysed effects of fine particulate matter (PM) on monthly respiratory-related healthcare facility visits and admissions (herein referred to as events) in Kampala, whilst considering meteorological factors.

The land surface temperature (LST) of most cities is rising steadily due to both human activities and global climate change, affecting the thermal comfort of cities and threatening the physical health of their inhabitants. Investigating surface temperature features and their affecting elements is therefore essential to improve the thermal environment of cities. Due to differences in surface temperature

This study investigates the influence of urban heat islands (UHI) on buildings and explores passive design strategies to improve thermo-energy performance while mitigating heat emissions into the urban environment. Concentrating on Latin American cities, the research conducts an intra-urban and climate-related analysis in two scenarios: naturally ventilated and equipped with an HVAC system. The intra-urban

The issue of urban waterlogging is becoming increasingly severe due to the process of urbanization and the frequent occurrence of heavy rainfall events. Cities without inland river channels, relying solely on drainage pipe networks, face increased pressure exacerbated by high external runoff. Enhancing drainage and waterlogging control tailored to local conditions is crucial. This study employs Pucheng

The concept of local climate zone (LCZ) was proposed in 2012 to meet the needs of refinement and standardization of urban climate research. As an important contribution of the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tool (WUDAPT), which is an initiative to collect and share urban data globally to facilitate urban-focused climate researches, LCZ research has shown a booming trend in the past decade.

Under the background of climate change and urbanization, the localized characteristics of rainfall are becoming increasingly pronounced. The spatial resolution of rainfall data often fails to meet the requirements for accurately describing spatial distribution. Conversely, using fine spatial resolution rainfall data result in resource wastage. Based on observed and designed rainfall data, this work

In the coming decades, cities will face more frequent, intense, and prolonged heatwave events. Against this background, a deep understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of heat risks during heatwave events is needed to facilitate effective mitigation measures. However, few studies have gone beyond the static mapping of heat risks to investigate the hourly dynamic of heat risks during heatwave

During 18 dust storms from June 2022 to September 2023, bacterial and fungal concentrations were measured in dust collected in different parts of the Sistan region of Iran, including Zabol and Zahak (i.e., urban environments) and Ghorghori, Adimi, and Aliakbar (i.e., non-urban environments). The goal was to assess (a) the spatial distribution of airborne microbes across Sistan to identify hotspots

Unraveling the effects of urban morphology on CO2 emissions is essential for shaping sustainable and low-carbon urbanization practices. However, few studies have developed spatially tailored mitigation strategies based on fine-grained analysis of 3D urban morphology. This study extracts 3D urban morphology metrics from buildings and streets at a 1 km grid in central Wuhan. Notably, the inter-building

Intersections represent emission hotspots due to frequent changes in vehicle movement dynamics. However, various intersection types can have drastically different environmental impacts under the same traffic conditions. At the same time, emission assessment methods do not have to be consistent in evaluating the same intersection type as the most favorable. This research reveals that in saturated conditions

Capabilities of deep-learning models CNN and ConvLSTM are explored for analyzing and projecting future urban growth in four Indian coastal cities, viz., Mumbai, Chennai, Kochi, and Vishakhapatnam. ConvLSTM performed better with higher overall accuracy, Cohen's kappa, macro F1-score (> 95 %), and R2 and NSE values (> 0.87). The urbanization trends indicate a higher growth in Kochi (∼90.5 %), and greater

Urban agglomerations are currently at the center of China's efforts to reduce carbon emission and sustainable economic development. It is critical to investigate the carbon emissions and economic correlation between urban agglomerations in order to assist their carbon emission reduction and economic coordinated development. This paper is based on an environmentally extended multi-regional input-output

Belém, the capital of the state of Pará, host of the 30th UN Climate Change Conference (COP30), which is located in the Brazilian Amazon, suffers from flooding caused by rainfall and tides. The objective was to estimate the daily flooding probability in Belém based on the two assumptions, i.e., the compound effect of rainfall and tides and rainfall only. In this case, rainfalls were analysed considering

The simulation of the outdoor thermal environment long-term, represented by the annual conditions, can describe outdoor thermal environment characteristics more completely. To simplify the simulation, Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods are often used to generate a Typical Meteorological Day (TMD) as input conditions for a simplified simulation of the outdoor

Raindrop size distribution (RSD) is crucial for accurate quantitative precipitation estimation and forecasting and is fundamental to precipitation microphysics. This study examines the microphysical characteristics of RSD at Rourkela, Odisha, under polluted and non-polluted conditions. This investigation utilized pre-monsoon in-situ (disdrometer) and reanalysis (ERA5) data for 2018–2021, to identify

Cities are experiencing increasingly extreme and longer-lasting hazards due to climate change. In response, urban decision-makers use climate assessments to inform their adaptation programs. To effectively inform planning, climate assessments must be responsive to community priorities and align with information needs. However, there are few empirical studies evaluating the co-production and exchange

This study examined the physiological responses and thermal comfort of ten subjects (five females and five males) across five outdoor locations on the campus of Hebei University of Technology during winter. Physiological parameters, including heart rate, LF/HF values from ECG, and α, β, θ values from EEG, were assessed. It revealed significant differences in microclimatic parameters and physiological

Stakeholders need high-resolution urban climate information for city planning and adaptation to climate risks. Climate models have too coarse a spatial resolution to properly represent cities at the relevant scale, and downscaled products often fail to account for urban effects. We propose here a methodological framework for producing high-resolution urban databases that are used to drive the SURFEX-TEB

Urban Heat Islands arise when the natural land cover changes with dense concentrations of pavement, buildings, roads, and other surfaces that absorb and preserve heat. The current study aimed to assess Land Use Land Cover(LULC) changes and associated impact on Urban Heat Island (UHI) from 2000 to 2020 using Geospatial technologies for four metropolitan cities (Islamabad, Lahore, Multan and Muzaffarabad)

Groundwater contamination and vulnerability in urbanised areas have emerged as pressing environmental concerns that require urgent and sustained attention. Certain land use practices, such as agriculture, urban development, and industrial activities, can introduce pollutants into the groundwater system and degrade its quality and represent a significant threat to rapidly growing cities that requires

This study proposes the use of spatially resolved data to identify local sources contributing to PM10 mass concentration and OP in urban-industrial contexts. Over a 18-month monitoring campaign spanning from October 2020 to May 2022, a low-volume PM10 sampling device was employed at 12 sites in the Sacco River Valley, Italy. PM10 samples were analyzed for OP by applying the DTT, AA, and DCFH assays

The rising urban land surface temperature (LST) has undoubtedly caused an imminent threat to human habitat. Landscape patterns are among the most significant factors related to LST. However, the marginal effects and thresholds of landscape at optimal grid scale on LST within diverse local climate zones (LCZs) are poorly understood. This study employed the boosted regression trees (BRT) model to evaluate

Many studies have shown that atmospheric particulate-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (AP-PAHs) pose carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks to human health. However, few studies have investigated the health risks of AP-PAHs across regional or national cities. Therefore, in this literature review, >6971 individual atmospheric samples from 89 cities in seven regions of China were obtained. The

Heatwave events are associated with increased hospital admissions and mortality rates worldwide. Heat exposure is often exacerbated by the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, especially in large cities. However, an accurate quantification of the additional burden related to heat from urbanisation is understudied in Latin American cities. Therefore, we used advanced meteorological modelling to simulate

Climate models lack the necessary resolution for urban climate studies, requiring computationally intensive processes to estimate high resolution air temperatures. In contrast, Data-driven approaches offer faster and more accurate air temperature downscaling. This study presents a data-driven framework for downscaling air temperature using publicly available outputs from urban climate models, specifically

Urban parks play a vital role in shaping physical and mental health. Walking and cycling to local urban parks have become increasingly popular since the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas the climate change and air pollution continue to spur health risks for outdoor activities. Existing literature have focused on measuring the impact of temperature on park attendance, mainly using incomplete or short-term

With the increase of short-duration rainstorms, accurate precipitation data with higher temporal resolution, such as hours or even minutes, has been required for urban hydrological modeling and forecasting. As a potential data source, hourly or half-hour satellite-based precipitation products (SPPs) perform differently in different metropolitan regions, so evaluation is necessary before their application

Based on the World City Database Access Portal tool (WUDAPT), the local Climate zoning (LCZ) classification of Shenyang(China) was carried out. With 8 environmental monitoring stations at the observation of the study area, LCZ landscape categories in the buffer zone of 500 m, 1000 m, and 3000 m were analyzed using ArcMap and Fragstats. The sensitivity analysis of the landscape category index correlated

Emissions of NOx and primary NO2 from road transport sources are highly influential in NO2 exposure at both local and regional scales; quantifying these accurately is therefore an important but challenging component of emissions inventory and air pollution model development. Results are presented from an urban air pollution model, after creation of new speed-emissions curves for NOx through the combination

This study apportions sources of carbonaceous aerosols using isotopic characteristics of total carbon (TC) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM10 aerosols using filter-based CTO-375 method for pre-monsoon (summer), post-monsoon, and winter (2019–2021) over Hyderabad, India. Highest secondary organic carbon, SOC (primary organic carbon, POC) of 13.78 ± 10.25 (7.87 ± 2.48) μg/m3 was during post-monsoon 2020

This study pioneered the forecasting of typhoon trajectories and conducted the comprehensive analysis of pre-typhoon surface O3 patterns using WRF-Chem model integrated with a novel Four-Dimensional Variation Data Assimilation (4DVAR). The WRF-Chem model was employed to analyze the impact of typhoon tracks on surface O3 concentrations in southern Taiwan in 2013 and 2023. The simulations examined the

Climate change adaptation is crucial to be addressed with specific considerations at smaller spatial scales, such as the district level, not only at the national or municipal levels. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is particularly effective in evaluating local heat-related measures, with accumulated knowledge on future microclimate projections. In this context, it is desirable to project

Urban Canopy Models (UCMs) can be used to represent urban characteristics on a mesoscale without accounting for effects of individual buildings. A WRF-based single-layer urban canopy model (SLUCM) was validated for the greater Salt Lake City area (GSLA) using measurements from two weather stations for a one-week period during summer 2019. A baseline model based on current GSLA properties developed

The cities in semi-arid and arid regions generally exhibit distinctive land use land cover (LULC) pattern and seasonal variation in urban thermal comfort (UTC) and land surface temperature (LST). This study examines the seasonal variation in LST and UTC and quantify the importance of LULC pattern in influencing LST in eight Indian semi-arid cities using Landsat 8 datasets. Random forest regression

Air quality forecasting is vital for managing and mitigating the adverse effects of air pollution on human health, crops, and the environment. This study aims to forecast daily time series of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM) concentrations using a meta-hybrid deep NARMAX (Nonlinear Auto-Regressive Moving Average with eXogenous inputs) model. Two datasets were utilised: (a) data on meteorological

There is an increasing concentration of population and more complex block morphology in the urban center of a large city, causing urban microclimate problems such as poor outdoor ventilation and low thermal comfort. The block morphology characteristics of urban centers affect the natural ventilation and solar radiation of block spaces, which are closely related to microclimate. In this article, the

The multi-mode transport sector plays a crucial role in economic, social, and political development, but it also contributes to global energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and atmospheric pollution. To effectively address these issues, accurate and detailed emission inventories are essential. This study introduces a comprehensive approach (the BigAir concept), which integrates open-source

Outdoor activities are known to enhance the health of elderly adults, but their physiological and psychological responses to outdoor thermal stresses remain unclear. Our study assessed these responses under thermal stress conditions in typical open spaces in Xi'an, China, employing subjective questionnaires, physiological metrics, and electroencephalogram monitoring. We found that after the stress

Due to their high density and sealing, cities are vulnerable to more frequently occurring extreme weather events such as heat, heavy rainfall and storms. Urban planning needs to respond to these climate risks. Urban climate analysis maps are used to assess climate-related hazards. Subsequently, planning recommendation maps aim to inform urban planning processes and to derive effective measures for

Although research on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has increased in recent decades, most literature reviews either focus on aspects of the UHI research or do not investigate the relationships between different factors, influencing the trends in the field. This literature review follows a holistic approach to explore the trends within multiple disciplines in the recent UHI research considering

The oxidative potential of PM2.5 is investigated for the first time in Bhubaneswar using dithiothreitol (DTT) assay, an urban coastal city in eastern India. PM2.5 samples were collected for four years during summertime and analyzed for metals, water-soluble ions, black carbon, and brown carbon. Overall mean PM2.5 mass concentration was 31.93 ± 14.91 μg m−3, in which (NH4)2SO4 (44%) was the dominant

Urbanization is a major anthropogenic alteration that involves dramatic changes in environmental conditions. Urban heat island (UHI)is a thermic phenomenon where urban-associated modified conditions increase local air and surface temperatures, affecting ecosystem processes and services, human health and well-being, and has been linked to social-economic factors and urbanizing patterns. A surface UHI

Empirical outdoor thermal comfort (OTC) research combining subjective questionnaires and objective measurements is emerging in different climate classifications around the globe, with the increasing climate change. The empirical OTC research in heritage destinations has become an indispensable basic work due to the demand difference with urban residential space and the constraints of the OTC measurement

The increasingly frequent heat waves and urban heat island (UHI) effects pose a serious threat to urban thermal environment and citizens' health. Under this condition, various heat mitigation strategies have been proposed and developed, while little attention was paid to their interactions that impact the combined cooling effects. In this context, using a residential community in Beijing as the case

The scientific identification of ventilation corridors according to the circulation situation and evaluation of their ventilation efficiency are critical to mitigating regional climatic and environmental problems and optimizing the ventilation process. In this study, we analyzed the circulation types and near-surface wind fields during extreme events of high-temperature and air pollution from 2016

The present paper introduces a novel approach for investigating the synergistic effect of thermal stress (maximum apparent temperature, Tapp) and air pollutant concentrations (PM, NO, and O) on daily mortality in Thessaloniki, Greece. We examine Tapp effects on all-cause mortality, analyzing variations at low, medium, and high levels of pollutants using a prototype modeling framework capable of accounting

In the historical confluence of the ''Dual Carbon'' goal and the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YEB), leveraging policy effects is crucial for synergistically promoting pollution control, carbon reduction, and high-quality economic development. This paper focuses on panel data from 266 cities in China spanning from 2013 to 2021. It specifically examines 90 cities designated