Abiotic Fe(II) oxygenation to form secondary Fe (oxyhydr)oxides commonly occurs in natural environments and critically affects the mobility and fate of metalloids such as antimony (Sb). However, the Sb(V) immobilization process and mechanism during Fe(II) oxygenation are not well understood, and the interactions between Sb(V) and formed Fe (oxyhydr)oxides need further study. This study comprehensively

Volcanism has been proposed as the trigger for the environmental perturbations and associated mass extinction during the Ordovician–Silurian (OS) transition. However, the timing, duration, and intensity of volcanic eruptions during this critical period and their relationships to environmental perturbations and biotic changes remain unresolved. In this study, we use mercury (Hg) concentrations and isotopes

Platinum-group minerals (PGMs) in podiform chromitites usually occur in the interior and/or edge of chromite. However, the origin of PGMs in podiform chromitites has long been a matter of debate. Here we examined sub-micro to nanoscale textural features, morphologies, and compositions of PGMs from the disseminated, banded, massive and nodular chromitites in the Kızıldağ ophiolite in southern Türkiye

The incorporation of iron into peralkaline silicate glasses significantly impacts their structural and thermal properties. Here we investigate how addition of iron influences the network connectivity (short- and medium-range order) and glass transition temperature (Tg) with particular regard to the iron speciation and the Fe2+ and Fe3+ coordination state. We also found a sort of tipping point in iron

To interpret data collected from high-pressure (P)–temperature (T) experiments simulating geological processes, pressure information during these experiments is crucial. Traditionally, the Raman shifts of the quartz 464-cm−1 band are commonly used as a hydrostatic-pressure calibrant in such experiments, particularly in those performed using hydrothermal diamond-anvil cells (HDACs). In this study, we

The role of tectonic setting in new continental crust formation remains enigmatic. A key to solve this issue is to determine which tectonic setting(s) are involved in the generation of new continental crust through time. Modern mantle-derived magmas that formed in intracontinental extension settings (U/Pb = ∼0.28–0.37) and in subduction settings (U/Pb = ∼0.1–0.16) have distinct mean U/Pb ratios. When

Hanang is a volcano in the southern part of the east branch of the East African Rift (North Tanzania Divergence) and represents volcanism at the early stage of continental break-up. Hanang volcanism is characterized by CO2-alkaline-rich magmas and silicate‑carbonate immiscibility process at crustal level. This study describes microscale iron (Fe) and Sulfur (S) K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure

The Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME) is the most severe biological crisis in Earth history and is closely linked to massive contemporaneous volcanism. However, there is currently limited evidence of Mercury (Hg) enrichment directly from volcanic sources in terrestrial strata, necessitating evidence from different regions and latitudes to confirm the relationship between volcanism and changes

Accurately reconstructing original Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in thermally mature rocks is essential for the correct application of geochemical proxies and understanding organic carbon burial through time. To reconstruct original TOC using empirical methods, it is vital to have an accurate estimate of the original Hydrogen Index (HI). The two most common methods are estimating original HI using kerogen

We have developed the capability to measure 17O/16O in H2O and OH− of hydrous minerals by a technique using thermogravimetric analysis coupled with isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (TGA-IRIS) on a suite of liquid water standards, terrestrial mineral standards, multi-mineral synthetic mixtures of terrestrial samples, and Murchison carbonaceous chondrite. This 17O/16O analytical capability is combined

Cold seep carbonates are commonly used to record the nature of seepage, including fluid sources, diagenetic environments, and variations in seepage activity. However, the relationship between diagenetic environments and trace element enrichment in dynamic environments is poorly understood. Pipe-morphology cold seep carbonates form from outside to inside in methane seeps and record variations in elements

Carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) in plant lipid biomarkers yield insights into historical climates by reflecting plant responses to environmental stressors. Previous research has established a correlation between increased salinity and elevated δ13C in Avicennia marina leaf wax n-alkanes, yet it remains unclear if these isotopic signatures are universally applicable across different species and regions

Rare earth elements (REE) and other trace element concentrations as well as 143Nd/144Nd and 87Sr/86Sr in saprolites developed on the Cayce metadiabase dike, South Carolina, document extreme REE mobilization during chemical weathering and enrichment of REE on clays. Saprolites display a bimodal distribution in their total REE concentrations (ΣREE) and light-REE (LREE)/heavy-REE (HREE) ratios. Shallower

Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767) is a bivalve mollusk with a lifespan of up to 500 years. Its shell is a complex inorganic-organic nanocomposite, which is still not fully characterized. Here, we used Optical Photothermal Infrared (O-PTIR) microspectroscopy to characterize its organic phase, i.e. the hydrophobic insoluble extracts of both modern and fossil A. islandica shells. We compared the spectra

This paper describes the creation of a consistent database of the far-from-equilibrium dissolution rates in aqueous fluids of the major non-silicate minerals including carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, oxides and hydroxides. This work, based on the regression of available dissolution rate data normalized to their BET surface area as a function of pH and temperature, was performed using equations described

Advanced analytical methods including SEM/EDX and μ-PIXE/RBS microanalyses were used to investigate chemical alterations around uraniferous inclusions in a Cenomanian fossil resin (resinite). Studied alterations related to several types of discontinuities in resinite matrix are a model example of the phase interface between solid polymeric hydrocarbon and aqueous fluids exposed to long-term irradiation

During eruption, sulphur dioxide gas interacts with glass shards, favouring the formation of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) aerosols and coatings enriched in hazardous elements such as fluorine (F). This study discusses the formation of F-bearing compounds during acidic weathering of Andean juvenile pyroclastic rock emitted from Puyehue and Lanín volcanoes and their potential to release F into aqueous reservoirs

Foid gabbros (alkali gabbros) are late-stage intrusive rocks into the alkaline core of the Cretaceous Messum complex, an anorogenic ring complex belonging to the Etendeka Large Igneous Province in NW Namibia. The mineralogy of the alkali gabbros is characterized by primary olivine, clinopyroxene (Ti-augite), nepheline and plagioclase and late-stage or secondary brown Ti-amphibole and biotite plus magnetite

The end-Triassic mass extinction was among the most severe biotic crises of the Phanerozoic. It has been linked with the global expansion of marine anoxia, and the prolongation of these conditions within epeiric seas has been proposed as a cause for the suppression of biodiversity during the early Jurassic Hettangian Stage. Testing this interpretation is complicated by spatially heterogeneous patterns

Early Ediacaran cap dolostones are distinctive strata deposited directly above glaciogenic rocks from the Marinoan Glaciation (650–635 Ma), one of the most dramatic ice ages in Earth's history. These cap dolostones were rapidly deposited during global synchronous deglaciation, being a superb depositional window into the immediate glaciation aftermath and suitable for investigating the icehouse-hothouse

Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) from the Indian Ocean have been demonstrated to have more enriched radiogenic isotopic compositions than MORBs from the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. However, the origin of such anomaly is still under debate. To better constrain the genesis of the isotopic anomaly observed in Indian MORBs, we present a systematic Ca-Sr-Nd isotopic study of a suite of MORBs from the Central

Calcite-aragonite bimineralic rafts and related waters from hypogenic lakes in the coastal cave of “Cova dets Ases”, Mallorca, have been analyzed for mineralogy and geochemistry (including stable isotopes). The main objective has been the evaluation of the factors that control the chemical and mineralogical composition of the precipitates as they are another natural example of the classical problem

Quartz is the most abundant mineral in sediments and sedimentary rocks but efforts to reliably identify its provenance have been only partially fruitful so far. Even advanced methods such as cathodo-luminescence, Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and laser ablation spectrometry have led to limited success. This article demonstrates how the δ18O of detrital quartz provides

This study is focussed on understanding of molybdenum (Mo) cycling in the mesotidal to macrotidal estuary of the Ganga (Hooghly) River in India. Our investigation encompasses the composition of water and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples collected in three separate periods (pre-monsoon: PrM, monsoon: M and post-monsoon: PoM) over two consecutive years, surface sediments, exchangeable phases

Karst areas are formed from the dissolution of carbonate rocks and are present worldwide. The soil found in such areas is enriched in heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As), and has geological high-background characteristics. However, this enrichment is anomalous depending on the type of bedrock, and the mechanism of enrichment has not yet been comprehensively elucidated. To

Adakite-like rocks, as an important recorder of magmatic evolution in mantle and crust, are closely associated with major porphyry Cu deposits. However, the underlying mechanism connecting these associations remains insufficiently elucidated. This study compiles ca. 7000 whole-rock geochemical data from Phanerozoic adakite-like rock samples and from ore-forming porphyries in porphyry Cu deposits. Machine

The fate of metals, such as Cu, in stream waters draining porphyry mineralization is commonly controlled by several natural processes such as sorption, microbial processes, and ligand availability. Isotopes of Cu offer a novel approach to understanding these processes and determining metal sources within complicated mineralogical systems. Drainages at the Casino Cu-Au-Mo porphyry deposit, Yukon, Canada

Displacement of grasses by woody plants (woody encroachment) is occurring in grasslands worldwide. Previous studies indicate that encroachment can alter subsurface carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and mineral weathering, though these impacts are still poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we sampled groundwater and stream water every three weeks during the 2022 water year from two watersheds

There is still much controversy over whether apatite and graphite can be used as fingerprint mineral assemblages to preserve biosignatures in ancient sedimentary rocks that experienced medium- to high-grade metamorphism. Herein, we present a comprehensive analysis of graphite and associated phases from meta-phosphorites of the Huangmailing Formation in the South Dabie Orogen to assess possible preservation

Ancient mantle domains with unradiogenic Os isotopes have been well documented in the Yarlung-Tsangpo ophiolites (YTO), southern Tibet. Nonetheless, previous Os isotope studies have yielded relatively young Re-depletion model (TRD) ages of <1.0 Ga for mantle peridotites of the Zedong ophiolite in the eastern segment of the YTO. In this study, a comprehensive petrological and geochemical study has been

The dependency of Ti partitioning between quartz and zircon on the activity of TiO2 and Zr partitioning between zircon and rutile on the activity of ZrO2 suggest that an intercalibration among the three minerals (i.e., concentration information from all three phases in the same experiment) could reduce propagated errors when using multiple systems simultaneously. Experiments were undertaken to assess

The volcanic-intrusive connection is critical for understanding the formation of transcrustal magma systems and the mechanisms driving magma eruption. Yet, the genetic links between abyssal intrusive rocks and acidic volcanic rocks remain poorly understood. Here, we present new data from the Dulan volcanic-intrusive complex, a tilted section of the East Kunlun orogenic belt, integrating zircon UPb

Application of stable transition metal isotopes as indicators of ore genesis is becoming more popular, yet the fractionation mechanisms and isotopic distribution in these unconventional systems remain poorly understood. In this study, we present an analysis of sulphide Ni, Cu and Fe isotopes measured from solution using multicollector ICP-MS. The data were collected from the dominant sulphide phases

Although Mg and Fe isotopes are frequently used to trace the source heterogeneity of basalts (e.g., recycled carbonated materials or eclogite in the mantle), they can also be fractionated by geological processes during magma migration from the source to the surface. Recently, the light Mg and heavy Fe isotopic compositions observed in high-Ti lunar basalts have been attributed to the kinetic fractionation

Permo-Carboniferous intrusive rocks situated on the NW boundary of the Indian Plate between the Main Mantle Thrust (MMT) and Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) have tremendous potential for enhancing our knowledge of regional tectono-magmatic activity in Pakistan, yet these units have received only limited investigation to date. Here, we examine the petrology, apatite geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes, and geochronology

Robust detrital minerals from large rivers that sample large-scale continental areas represent important archives of continental crust evolution though time. Compared to the single proxy approach, integrating multiple isotope systems of multiple detrital minerals helps to gain a more comprehensive understanding of crustal growth and evolution. This novel method has so far only been applied to single-sample

Stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) of land snail materials is widely used as a proxy for reconstructing past vegetation and environmental changes. Interpretation δ13C data is challenging due to the complexities of snail physiology. This study cultured Lissachatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) snails to investigate δ13C of their soft tissues and excrement under various plant types and dietary carbonate

Phosphorus (P) biogeochemical cycle in subsurface environments is primarily mediated by various minerals. However, there is still unknown about the impact of iron (Fe) oxyhydroxides coexisting with clay on the fate of different P species. Here, the interfacial behavior for competitive adsorption of phytate and phosphate on montmorillonite-Fe oxyhydroxide (Mt-amFe) complexes was comprehensively investigated

Detailed investigations of sedimentary rocks from the Tibetan Plateau interior, which has been shaped by plateau development and climate change, will provide new insights into its uplift history. However, few continuous environmental records with clear climatic significance and precise age controls from the Tibetan Plateau hinterland exist, particularly in the early Cenozoic. This shortage hinders

Rare earth elements (REE) are well known tracers of geochemical processes in marine shales and have been used extensively in provenance studies and as markers of paleo-oceanographic conditions at the time of deposition. The application of REE hinges on the premise that REE are relatively immobile during sedimentary processes associated with sediment transport and deposition. However, recent studies

Tracing the anthropogenic fingerprint and potential nutrient release from sediments is crucial from ecological and economic perspectives, but the lack of effective and low-cost tracking techniques poses a significant challenge. Here, we investigate the optical properties and molecular composition of sedimentary dissolved organic matter (DOM) from surface sediments (n = 41) collected along the land-sea

The large negative carbon isotope excursions during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-CIE) implicate the injections of 13C-depleted CO2 into the Earth's ocean-atmosphere system, with multiple climate-sensitive carbon reservoirs as possible carbon sources. The carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric CO2 (δ13Cco2) is an important parameter of the Earth's carbon cycle and is crucial for exploring

A bulk composition for the upper continental crust (UCC) is often constructed using sediments and associated river waters, which are both assumed to efficiently average contributions from a multitude of bedrock components. Many potential biases, however, exist in sedimentary systems, rendering this approach less than optimal. In order to further investigate these phenomena, we estimate the bulk Pb

The geochemistry of ocean island basalts (OIB) provides important information about the composition of the mantle, its temporal evolution, and insights into crustal recycling and magma genesis. We present a new ocean island basalt isotope database (OIBID) from 48 oceanic hotspots that includes isotope data (87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 176Hf/177Hf, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, 208Pb/204Pb, 187Os/188Os, 3He/4He

The co-precipitation of radium (Ra) with minerals is prevalent in high-salinity environmental systems, with significant implications for geochemical cycling and radiation risk management. This study extensively investigated Ra co-precipitation through both indoor lake experiments and field investigations of saline lakes. 1) In the indoor experiments, calcium ions (Ca2+) concentration remained stable

The Hanson Ranch (HR) Bonebed is a monodominant assemblage of Edmontosaurus annectens and infrequent remains of other vertebrates within the Lance Formation of northeastern Wyoming. This bonebed, which has yielded more than 13,000 specimens from five Main Quarries over the last 25 years, is interpreted to have formed by deposition of a clastic debris flow, generating a normally-graded, fossil-dense

The measurements and application of triple O-isotope system is a relatively new and powerful tool in tracing water-rock interaction, allowing to distinguish the temperature-dependent fractionation from the water amount that interacted with the rock. While the use of 18O/16O fractionation between minerals and fluids is well-established, most natural mineral-water reactions remain uncharacterized in

Sedimentary geochemistry is very often associated with the measurement of isotopic composition of carbon and oxygen from carbonates. The usual technique combining acid digestion and mass spectrometry analysis is slow, costly and non-ideal for spatially resolved analyses. When carbonates are processed using laser calcination and the gas produced during calcination is analyzed by infrared spectrometry

Joint measurements of the 18O/16O and 17O/16O ratios of carbonate minerals and waters are increasingly used to investigate various geochemical, physical and biological processes. Diverse analytical methods, each of them technically challenging in one way or another, have been developed or refined in recent years to measure oxygen-17 anomalies (Δ’17O) with instrumental precisions of 10 ppm or better

The purpose of this study is to determine the partitioning of iodate between calcium phosphate minerals (apatite and monetite) and hydrothermal aqueous solution. Calcium phosphate minerals were crystallized in iodate-bearing solution at 70–250 °C. Iodine aqueous species were examined with Ultra-Violet Visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometry and iodide ion selective electrode (ISE) to evaluate/estimate redox

The factors contributing to the high magmatic oxygen fugacity (fO2) of post-subduction porphyry Cu deposits (PCDs) remain controversial. The prevailing hypothesis says that this high fO2 is inherited from the lithospheric mantle modified by previous seafloor subduction. However, recent discoveries pertaining to the prevalence of anoxic oceans, particularly the well-documented Paleo-Tethyan Ocean, would

Mangroves are important organic carbon (OC) reservoirs that can mitigate climate changes. Although sedimentary dissolved organic matter (SDOM) has been established as a dominant OC component within these ecosystems, its molecular composition, origin, and fate remain largely unknown. This study examined SDOM molecules from one of the largest peri-urban mangroves and adjacent tidal flats in China by

Biotite plays an important role in the geochemical cycle of Li, Rb, Cs, and Ba in the upper continental crust, as it is a significant carrier of Li and large-ion lithophile elements in felsic igneous rocks and high-grade detrital metasedimentary rocks. During its interaction with meteoric and hydrothermal fluids, biotite can be transformed into various types of clay minerals (mostly, interlayer-deficient

Studies of indicator minerals and mineral chemistry are widely used in geochemistry and are particularly useful in mineral exploration. Due to the low abundance of indicator mineral grains, large field samples and extensive laboratory processing are required for these studies. However, nano- and submicron-scale mineral particles (NPs, diameter < 1 μm) are highly abundant in geochemical sample media

This paper presents the results of a SmNd study of sulfide minerals and whole-rock samples from Cu-Ni-PGE layered complexes of the Fennoscandian Shield. Syngenetic (early) and epigenetic (late) sulfides were analyzed in each complex using the SmNd method. Late sulfide minerals with low Sm/Nd values (the 147Sm/144Nd ratio is often in the range of 0.02–0.07) are associated with an increased mobility

Because it is an important climate parameter, an accurate proxy is required for the reconstruction of past Relative Humidity (RH). Triple oxygen isotopes of grass-leaf phytoliths have a high potential for this purpose. A strong correlation between RH and 17O-excess of grass leaf phytoliths has been previously demonstrated from calibration experiments in growth chambers and at natural Sub-Saharan African

Granites and rare metal pegmatites of the Mufushan granitic batholith form a continuous magmatic sequence linked by fractional crystallization. Tourmaline is present in muscovite leucogranites and all types of pegmatites, including highly evolved Li-rich pegmatites. We utilized major element, trace element and in-situ B isotope analyses of tourmaline to investigate the effects of magmatic fractional

Photooxidation of dissolved organic sulfur (DOS) in soils and natural waters plays an important role in the sulfur biogeochemical cycle. However, the structural-dependent photoliabilities of DOS from different sources remain unclear. Here, the molecular structures and photooxidation behaviors of DOS in pyrogenic dissolved black matter (PyDOM) derived from rice straw-pyrolyzed biochar (referred to as

The ∼132 Ma-old Messum igneous complex, a circular structure of ∼18 km diameter, belongs to the Damaraland intrusive complexes that intruded into the Pan-African Damara basement of Namibia. The plutonic rocks of the core of the complex comprise olivine-gabbro, biotite-gabbro, nepheline-syenite and quartz-syenite as well as minor alkali gabbro and coexist with the Etendeka volcanic sequences of the