Ferrihydrite (Fh) is an important scavenger for sequestering cadmium (Cd). However, Fh is poorly crystallized and tends to undergo phase transformation under the impact of dissolved organic matter (DOM). The roles of DOM in Fh transformation pathway and the consequent Cd2+ remobilization behavior remain debate due to its structural heterogeneity and diversity. Herein, formic acid (FA), oxalic acid

Incompatible trace elements are important tracers in igneous petrogenesis for determining processes acting: (i) prior to partial melting on magma sources; (ii) during partial melting, fractional crystallization or contamination of magmas, and (iii) after emplacement of lavas or intrusive rocks close to Earth's surface. Of particular interest are the high field strength elements (HFSE: Ti, Zr, Nb, Hf

The quorum-sensing (QS) system in Rhizobiaceae has been studied, however, the mechanisms of QS system-mediated mineral dissolution by bacteria remain poorly understood. Here, the mineral-solubilizing Agrobacterium pusense SX41 harboring the QS system (responsible for N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) production) was characterized for QS system-mediated Al and Fe release from biotite. Whole-genome sequence

Despite being essentially water-free, nominally anhydrous minerals such as plagioclase and pyroxene represent the biggest reservoir of water in most lunar rocks due to their sheer abundance. Apatite, which incorporates F, Cl, and OH into its mineral structure as essential crystal components, on the other hand, is the only other volatile-bearing phase common in lunar samples. Here, we present the first

Rare earth elements (REE) serve as effective tracers of water-rock interactions, a crucial process in the evolution of geothermal systems. However, the geochemical behavior of REE during their migration within geothermal systems, particularly the fractionation mechanism, remains poorly understood. In this study, we focus on the geochemical characteristics of REE in hot springs, host rocks, and sinters

The latest Proterozoic to early Cambrian is characterized by major global phosphogenic events and the diversification of complex multicellular life. However, the feedback mechanism of atmospheric oxidation and upwelling processes to form voluminous phosphorite deposits is unclear. South China is a key example of the sedimentary spectrum related to the Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian bloom of oxygenic

This study examines the trace element chemistry of fumarolic deposits and fumarolic plumes at Lastarria volcano, located in northern Chile. Fumarolic deposits were manually collected, while fumarolic plumes were sampled using the filter pack technique; after sample preparation, both sample types were analyzed by ICP-MS. The research focuses on chalcophile elements (As, Cd, Sb, Te, Cu, Zn, Tl, Pb, and

We have conducted an extensive towed-magnetic-sled survey during the period of June 14–28, 2023, over the seafloor about 85 km north of Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, centered around the calculated path of the bolide CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1). We found about 850 spherules of diameter 0.1–1.3 mm in our samples. The samples were analyzed by micro-XRF, Electron Probe Microanalyzer and ICP Mass spectrometry

Interaction of groundwater with the serpentinized harzburgites of the upper mantle plays an important role in the geologic carbon cycle and serpentinization processes. In this study, an intact serpentinized harzburgite with more than 60% lizardite from the Semail ophiolite in Oman was reacted with water at near neutral pH and low PCO2 to observe its dissolution behavior and reaction path within the

Retene and dehydroabietic acid methyl ester (DAME) are biomarkers linked mostly to terrigenous organic matter. However, their aquatic origin from algae and/or cyanobacteria has been discussed in the past few years. The complex origin of retene and DAME can lead to misinterpretation during biomarker interpretation, which can be minimalised with the support of isotopic analyses. This study contains the

Here we report the first investigation of spinel-bearing mantle xenoliths from Los Gemelos volcano, Canquel Plateau, Patagonia. They are highly-depleted Mesoproterozoic (ReOs model ages of 1.3–0.9 Ga) harzburgites and clinopyroxene-poor lherzolites characterized by typical indicators of partial melt extraction, such as low whole-rock Al2O3 and CaO contents (<1.5 wt%), high Mg# of silicate phases (90–95)

The fate of terrestrial organic matter (OM) in land-sea transition is critical to earth surface carbon cycling, which needs to be tracked with proper proxies. Existing proxies are mostly derived from terrestrial higher plants, whereas proxies from soil bacteria, another critical soil OM producers, are scarce. Here, we investigate the potential of a suite of C22–28 even carbon-numbered 1,3-diols as

The tail-to-tail linked C40 isoprenoid hydrocarbon lycopane is a biomarker found in a wide variety of environments and in some extremophilic archaea but is also a possibly degradation product of a carotenoid (bacterioruberin) as well as plants (various lycopenes) and green algae (lycopadiene). Although potential producers are known, the source of lycopane in water-column and sedimentary environments

Thawing Arctic permafrost is releasing massive amounts of terrestrial mercury (Hg) into the Arctic shelf, which is expected to form a Hg sink in sediments. Here we analyzed the coupling roles of terrestrial input and biological processes in varying mineral/organic matrix-related Hg sequestration and deposition on the East Siberian Arctic shelf (ESAS), using Pearson and partial correlation analysis

Dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) holds significant importance within river systems, particularly in karst regions. The concentration of DIC is intricately linked to both biological processes, such as the respiration of organic matter, and geological processes, notably the strength of carbonate weathering. This dual influence exerts a profound impact on regional and global carbon cycles. However, the

Interaction between magma and carbonate plays a pivotal role in volcanic systems, yet its impact on magma transport properties remains inadequately explored. This study presents novel viscosity data on a leucite-bearing phonotephritic melt from the 472 CE Pollena eruption (Vesuvius, Italy), doped with varying amounts of CaO and CaO + MgO. The compositions match the chemistry of melt inclusions and

Thermochronological dating of detrital samples is an important tool for understanding the thermal history of basins and their source regions. Detrital thermochronology data are often complex with apparent ages ranging over hundreds of million years due to variations in source-rock cooling age and rate, and the influence of post-depositional burial. A common strategy to interpret such data is to split

The lithospheric mantle affected by metasomatism is an important reservoir for halogens and often preserves significant heterogeneity in halogen abundances. However, the halogen compositions of the non-metasomatized mantle rocks with depleted geochemical features have not been well studied, impeding a comprehensive understanding of the halogen distribution in the mantle. The Balmuccia (BM) and Baldissero

Accelerated mass loss from the Greenland Ice Sheet leads to retreating glaciers and enhanced freshwater runoff to adjacent coastal regions, potentially providing additional essential nutrients, such as silicon, to downstream primary producers. However, the role of fjordic sediments in modulating the supply of silicon from glacial environments to marine ecosystems remains poorly constrained, particularly

The ReOs isotope system can directly date sulphide formation, making it useful for ore deposit studies. Recent work has demonstrated that laser ablation inductively coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS/MS) can be used to effectively separate 187Re from 187Os during analysis by reacting Os with CH4 gas, allowing for in situ ReOs age determination of molybdenite. However, the age calculation often

Kimberlites and related rocks are the focus of research and exploration in the Alto Paranaiba Igneous Province (APIP; Brazil) due to their potential correlation with adjacent diamond fields. New U-Pb perovskite ages were obtained using recommended protocols for error propagation and data interpretation. Despite the utility of perovskites for dating, their incorporation of significant common-Pb (common-Pb

The Bakken Formation is a hydrocarbon-rich, metalliferous shale with subordinate sandstone and limestone that was deposited in the Williston Basin in Canada and the USA. Deposition of the Bakken Formation spanned the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary – a key interval in Earth's history representing profound biotic and geochemical changes in the terrestrial and marine realms, leading to deposition of

Allanite is a common REE-rich accessory mineral found in various igneous and metamorphic rocks, and can record a variety of geological processes. Therefore, allanite geochronology has the potential to answer a range of important geological questions. Allanite U–Th–Pb geochronology is hampered by common open-system behavior in the system. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of allanite Lu–Hf

based clumped isotope thermometry has enabled reconstruction of Earth's surface temperatures independent of the source of oxygen within the carbonate. It has been postulated that carbonate samples can contain contaminants that cause isobaric interferences, compromising measured values and reconstructed temperatures. The exact nature of contaminants and isobaric interferents, however, largely remained

Here we present RbSr and Pb isotopic analysis of K-feldspar from the Shap Granite, (Cumbria, UK) and detrital K-feldspar from the associated Shap Wells Conglomerate Formation, to investigate the potential of the detrital K-feldspar record as an archive of crustal composition. We use a unique, collision cell – multi collector inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometer to make the isotope measurements

Estimations of Earth's earliest surface conditions assume a strong connection between the temperature and oxygen isotopic composition of oceans, balanced by surface weathering and submarine hydrothermal alteration. The oldest preserved supracrustal rocks provide rare opportunities to study and constrain the earliest surface conditions prevailing on the Earth. Here, we present a study of triple oxygen

Bioapatite is widely recognized as the primary carrier for rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) in deep-sea REY-rich muds. The incorporation of REY into bioapatite occurs at the water-sediment interface, which has the potential to serve as a proxy for reconstructing paleoenvironmental conditions. The timing of REY uptake and the fractionation of rare earth elements (REEs) within bioapatite are crucial

Active continental margins are the major sites of continental magmatism and associated hydrothermal ore deposits with a broad metal spectrum. Mineralization across active continental margins typically displays spatial zonation, with porphyry copper-(molybdenum‑gold) deposits in volcanic arcs and tin- and tungsten-dominated mineralization occurring further inland in a back-arc setting. Particularly

Land use changes are known to alter terrestrial silicon cycling and the export of dissolved silicon from soil to fluvial systems, but the impact of such changes on groundwater systems remain unclear. In order to identify the processes responsible for groundwater geochemistry and to assess the impact of agricultural processes, we examined multiple isotopic tracers (δ30Si, oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen

The cycling of sulfur (S) to the upper crust and surface via thermal springs at convergent margins has not been explored outside areas with active arc volcanism, even though subduction plays a key role in the Earth's long-term S cycle. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed stable sulfur and oxygen isotope compositions (δS and δO values) of dissolved sulfate (SO) in 55 thermal springs from five

The Phanerozoic surface ocean is characterized by its high dissolved oxygen content owing to mixing with the atmosphere. However, atmospheric oxygen levels varied in the early Paleozoic and it remains unclear whether the surface ocean was susceptible to significant redox fluctuations in response to extreme environmental events. In this study, we probed the redox structures of shallow middle Cambrian

Canadian Shield groundwater characterization studies have been conducted over the last four decades through operating mines, underground research areas, and wells installed for a variety of purposes. A newly available database containing chemical and isotopic analytical results of groundwaters includes data from all of these sources and spans the Canadian Shield. The Precambrian Canadian Shield Groundwater

Several locations with alkaline magmatism are recognised in Silurian-Devonian basins along the southern variscan autochthon units (e.g. Central Iberian Zone) of the northern Gondwana margin. The origin of the Devonian basins and their magmatism has not been studied in the context of the passive margin of Gondwana. The basement of Menorca, Balearic Islands, consists of a deep Devonian-Carboniferous

The Devonian Wengeqi mafic–ultramafic intrusion, situated on the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC) — an Andean-style convergent margin during the Paleozoic — hosts many platinum-group minerals (PGMs), especially within the S-deficient, magnetite-rich clinopyroxenite zones. These PGMs occur in two distinct associations: Pt-rich PGMs (e.g., sperrylite) closely associated with primary magnetite

Arsenic (As)-rich groundwater poses a serious threat to human life and public environmental safety. In groundwater environments, iron–manganese minerals (FeMn minerals) are widely distributed and have outstanding adsorption and oxidation abilities for many toxic metal ions, making them important heavy metal scavengers. Exploring the application of Nature-based Solutions (NBS) to enhance the natural

Segregation of granitic melts from their reservoir is a key process in the genesis of granites. However, the melt segregation mechanism is still enigmatic because the ability for the segregation of the melts from their magma reservoir decreases with decreasing temperature. Two complementary lithologic units have been identified in the Beidashan pluton of NE China, based on reverse mineral zoning, rimward

Orogenic processes associated with the supercontinent cycle play crucial roles in the evolution of continental crust and surface environments. Detrital zircon records, useful archives of orogenic history, have recently suggested the possibility of orogenic quiescence during the Mesoproterozoic, the so-called . However, detrital zircon may not always provide a precise record of crustal evolution due

Understanding the mechanisms that drive spatial and temporal triple oxygen isotope (Δ′O) variations in modern precipitation is the first step to expanding the utility of these measurements as an environmental tracer jointly with traditional stable isotope parameters δD, δO, and d-excess. However, “totalizers” designed to collect a single precipitation sample pooled over a calendar month and minimize

The stable oxygen isotope ratios of whole tree-ring α-cellulose (δO) have been interpreted as an indicator of early summer hydroclimate in the Meiyu region of East Asia. However, the underlying physical mechanism often remains unclear. Here we provide a mechanistic understanding through intra-annual tree-ring oxygen isotope analysis and process-based δO modelling over the period 1979–2006. The selected

The adsorption of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) by minerals is crucial for long-term carbon storage and has been extensively studied. However, the variations in soil DOM composition resulting from adsorption by different minerals have rarely been investigated from a spectral perspective. This study examined the impact of non‑iron (kaolinite) and iron-bearing (ferrihydrite) minerals on the concentration

The chemical and lithological heterogeneities of Earth's mantle in oceanic settings have long been attributed to the presence of recycled materials such as subducted crust, oceanic or subcontinental lithosphere mantle and sediment, as evidenced by Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts (MORB) and Ocean Island Basalts (OIB). However, the extent to which recycled materials contribute to mantle heterogeneity in continental

In this study, we make a quantitative assessment on the volatile flux of mantle-derived fluids and source of volatiles to explain the geologic controls on the transport of volatiles within thermal fluids of northeastern Anatolia. In line with this objective, we collected 22 samples (gas and water phase) from 16 geothermal fields in NE Turkey covering an area of nearly 100,000 km that extends from the

Nickel and cobalt are potentially critical metals in many countries because of their great significance for national security and economic development, and they are mainly derived from magmatic Ni-Cu‑platinum-group element (PGE) sulfide ore deposits hosted in mafic-ultramafic intrusions. Although Cu isotopes have been used to trace the metallogenic processes in Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulfide deposits, the Cu

Evaporites have recently been suggested as a potential archive for recording the Mg isotope compositions (δMg) of coeval seawater. However, episodic dolomitization during the deposition of massive evaporites could cause considerable Mg removal and isotopic fractionation. To constrain the hydrological changes and influence of dolomitization on ambient brine δMg, we present petrographic and mineralogical

Sulfate-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane (SD-AOM) is the key biogeochemical process at marine seeps, seafloor environments sustaining lush chemosynthesis-based life. While an extensive molecular record of SD-AOM has been established for Cenozoic and Mesozoic seeps, to date only one reported case of SD-AOM exists for the Paleozoic. To get new insight into the dominant biogeochemical processes at

Mercury (Hg) concentrations normalized to their dominant hosts have been widely used to identify geological events such as massive volcanic eruptions. However, the modern Hg cycle has significantly changed, and the implications of host-normalized Hg concentrations for the Hg dynamics in contemporary coastal environments (e.g., sources, delivery mechanisms, and Hg fluxes) remain poorly understood. In

Recent work has highlighted the need to distinguish the contribution(s) of different populations of petrographically and isotopically distinct pyrites to interpret bulk δS sedimentary values. To address this, we developed a method for micron-scale isotopic characterization of petrographically diverse sedimentary pyrites within a multimineralic matrix using ion imaging with a 7f-GEO secondary ion mass

We present, for the first time, comprehensive Re-Os isotopic data for 23 late Cenozoic intraplate basaltic rocks from seven locations (Mount Baekdu, Jeongok, Baengnyeong Island, Ganseong, Ullueng Island, Dok Island, and Jeju Island) on the Korean Peninsula. The Re-Os isotopic system serves as an important tracer of processes such as the reworking of old continental lithosphere or the deep crustal recycling

The present-day edifice of Taranaki volcano, New Zealand, is largely made up of lava flows extruded over approximately the last 8 kyr. The crystal cargo of plagioclase, pyroxene and amphibole in these lavas displays varied major, minor, and trace element zoning patterns, pointing to long and complex crystal growth histories. Crystal zoning patterns do not vary systematically between stratigraphic units

Volcanic clasts from the International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1431 in the South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed for V isotopic compositions in this study. These volcanic clasts represent mantle-derived carbonated melts and record the transition from carbonated melts to alkali basalts. Based on the formation sequence, these clast samples were divided into early-stage (> 8.3 Ma) and late-stage (<

Apatite serves as a notable host for diverse volatiles, but experimental data concerning the mobilities of volatiles out of its lattice remains scarce. Despite several investigations elucidating the diffusivities of F, Cl, and OH, their interplay mechanism remains poorly understood. Herein, to unveil the mobilities of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon out of the apatite lattice and their intricate interaction

Understanding the phase equilibria and physical-chemical characteristics of the CH–CO–HO–NaCl quaternary system is important for evaluating costs and risks for the storage of CO in depleted natural gas reservoirs as well as fluid inclusion studies. In this study, phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties of this system were investigated through the utilization of a statistical association fluid

The lack of strong geothermal manifestations and limited fumarolic activity has sparked widespread debate about the presence of active magma reservoirs beneath the Wudalianchi volcanic field (WVF). Helium (He) in hydrological systems is sensitive and responsive to the mixture of mantle-derived He, making it an excellent tool for deciphering mantle-derived magmatic processes. Through investigating dissolved

The Baja California peninsula forms the western margin of the Gulf of California (GC) rift system, which is an active tectonic setting manifested by seismicity and numerous geothermal sites. The present study examines the geochemistry of thermal fluids (major ions and gas species, δ18O-δD, δ13C, 3He/4He) from the southern tip of the peninsula (Los Cabos Block, LCB). Sampling was mostly focused on the

Belemnites were a type of cephalopod abundant in the Jurassic and Cretaceous, whose fossils have been extensively used for paleo-oceanographic studies. For this study, we analyzed 69 elements by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Sector Field Mass Spectrometry (ICP-SFMS) in 15 belemnite rostra from the West Rodiles section in the Asturian Basin, Northern Spain. We aim to determine if belemnite rostra carbonate

Reconstructing the lithium isotope composition (δLi) of ancient seawater and lacustrine environment is crucial for tracing silicate weathering processes that regulate Earth's carbon cycle and climate. This study examines the reliability of evaporite minerals in preserving the Li isotope signature of the original brines from which they precipitate. We conducted evaporation experiments on modern natural

Halite deposits have long been utilized for interrogating past climate conditions. Microthermometry on halite fluid inclusions has been used to determine ancient water temperatures. One notable obstacle in performing microthermometric measurements, however, is the lack of a vapor bubble in the single-phase liquid inclusions at room temperature. (Pseudo-) isochoric cooling of the inclusions to high

Speleothem paleoclimate records from the Peruvian Andes have been interpreted to reflect the strength of the South American monsoon. While these interpretations have been verified through comparison with other regional and global climate records, the mechanics of the cave environment that facilitate the preservation of this signal with such consistency remain unstudied. Here, we present four years

To investigate the role of carbonate recycling in generating ultrapotassic magmatic rocks, we carried out detailed MgZn isotope analyses of silica-saturated to silica-unsaturated ultrapotassic volcanic rocks from the Central Mediterranean basin. These rocks have lower Mg isotopic compositions (δMg = −0.40‰ to −0.21‰, = 20) than the mantle and exhibit MORB-like Zn isotopic compositions (δZn = 0.23‰

The increase in use and extraction of Rare Earth Element (REE) over the last few decades has raised concerns about their behaviour in the environment. One of the factors controlling their fate is adsorption onto iron (Fe) (oxy)hydroxides. In natural systems, aluminium (Al) substitutions of iron often occur in these (oxy)hydroxides, as Al is also one of the most abundant elements at the Earth's surface