The current study investigated the degradation of the antibiotic metronidazole (MNZ) from aqueous solutions by means of a photo-Fenton-like process-based system. The efficiency of each variable such as CuCOFe2O4@AC nanoparticles (CFC), UV, and H₂O₂, along with their combined processes, was evaluated to select the most appropriate integrated process. In the second stage, a toxicity test was conducted

In arid and semi-arid regions, water scarcity is a dominant problem where water insufficiency greatly hinders sustainable agricultural development. Another significant challenge is usage of pump stations for lifting irrigation water to elevated lands considering cost recovery of cultivated crops. Egypt, which is a semi-arid region, has been facing challenges due to limited water resources and insufficient

Utilizing aquifers as groundwater storage reservoirs is an effective strategy for water management in water scare regions. The success of managed aquifer recharge (MAR) relies on the assessment and modeling of site-specific hydrogeological characteristics, including groundwater salinity, transmissivity, storativity, slope, soil properties, proximity to water recharge networks and road accessibility

Reference evapotranspiration, which includes the contribution of climatic conditions in potential evapotranspiration, is considered as an important and strategic criterion in water resources management and irrigation designs. Therefore, it is necessary to determine and predict its changes in each region. In this study, using copula functions, the behavior and changes of this component were investigated

In this study, the inactivation of various bacterial strains in a solar illuminated photocatalysis reactor with a titania photocatalyst dispersed in a geopolymer coating is studied. The modular reactor design consists of connected catalyst-coated open water carrying chutes. The cleaning efficiency of the process against chemical and biological water contaminants was evaluated by means of test series

Geogenic contamination of fluoride severely impacts groundwater quality rather than industrial contamination. In this study, MODFLOW and MT3D applications are used to predict the groundwater flow and fluoride transport in Vaniyambadi and Ambur taluk in Tirupathur district. The conceptual model with three-layered aquifer system has been developed using visual MODFLOW flex v6.1 for an area of 955 km2

This study aimed to develop a novel composite adsorbent combining peat (PS), limestone (LS), zeolite (ZEO), and activated carbon (AC), with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as a binder (40% by weight), for the simultaneous removal of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from stabilized landfill leachate. The composite was characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform

This study introduces a novel integrated model aimed at enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of water quality assessments in four major reservoirs of Liaoning Province, China. The model integrates the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution with Monte Carlo simulation and employs the random forest method for weight allocation. Utilizing monthly water quality data, the model

This study investigated the morphological properties of PS MPs aged by ozone and their adsorption behavior. In this study, the aging of PS MPs was carried out using ozone at a concentration of 1.4 mg/L for 1 h. Subsequently, various laboratory techniques were used to study the morphological characteristics and adsorption behavior of the aged PS MPs. The findings indicated that the morphological characteristics

Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) are being increasingly used as valuable data sources for hydrological monitoring. However, their coarse spatial resolution is considered as a limitation for regional studies, especially in areas with remarkable hydroclimate variability. In this study, a novel approach is presented for downscaling, and gap filling of terrestrial

This study aimed to design and fabricate high-performance heterogeneous polymeric composites via in-situ polymerization, utilizing waste polystyrene-co-methacrylic acid functionalized with zinc cobalt oxide (ZC) at varying loadings (10, 15 and 30 wt %), designated as m-WZC10, m-WZC15 and m-WZC30 respectively. Additionally, waste polystyrene (W) underwent methacrylic acid grafting in the absence of

Groundwater is the main water source in arid climate regions. Climate change and extensive groundwater exploitation will stress the groundwater resources in the upcoming decades. Therefore, groundwater quantity and quality should be assessed. In this study, we focused on groundwater quantity, including recharge and storage (using groundwater level as an indicator) to predict system vulnerability. The

Boron mineral is very important for the life. However, exceeding the standards of boron minerals, especially in water to be used as domestic water, causes health and environmental problems. The commercial method used to separate boron minerals from water is reverse osmosis. In recent years, promising results have been obtained with the membrane distillation (MD) method. However, another method that

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane modified with cellulose/nanostructures as a separation technique for the removal of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/reactive dyes from synthetic textile wastewater. The goal was to recycle PVA/reactive dye yellow 145 for reuse in the industry while simultaneously reclaiming water for reuse. To achieve

This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) biosorbent for efficient removal of Zn2⁺ ions from aqueous solutions. The microstructural features of the biosorbent were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while elemental analysis was conducted using an elemental analyzer to determine carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and

Swimming pools and pond waters may contain microbial contamination that could be a source of public health hazards. Waterborne bacteria from human or animal excrements or the environment can contaminate swimming pools and ponds. Unhygienic practices at pools, along with stormwater, sewage, and agricultural runoff, can all lead to contamination, indicating the need for monitoring bacterial levels in

In remote arid regions of South Australia, local industries, agriculture, mining, and households rely on limited groundwater resources. Data scarcity often leads to drilling unproductive wells when siting new bores. This study introduces an innovative geospatial method for groundwater exploration using an ensemble mapping approach. It combines knowledge- and data-driven machine learning methods: fuzzy

Upper Gilgel Abay watershed (UGAW) has important physiographical and hydrological implications for the Blue Nile basin, but research on its morphometry and hydrology is limited. This study tried to delineate the UGAW and its sub-watersheds, compute basic morphometric parameters, and link each value with its drainage characteristics. Ranking and prioritization of the sub-watersheds were also done to

Extraction of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) from agricultural waste is a cost-effective and environmentally beneficial technique. Six nanocomposite membranes were created by combining varying concentrations of CNC and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) with polyethersulfone (PES) for the higher removal efficiency of phosphoric acid from wastewater. It was found that the M6 (CNCs/PES/TEOS) membrane has a

In the next decades, some countries will suffer from water shortage because of the increased population and the increased percentage of economic development. Accordingly, it is necessary to find the alternative way to solve this problem and investigate the development. Nanoscale graphene pieces known as graphene quantum dots (GQDs) exhibit distinctive characteristics that render them intriguing contenders

Developing a product that serves a dual purpose as an adsorbent/photocatalyst for ecological applications is a compelling study area. This article discusses a facile ultrafast synthesis of BiOCl/Bi2S3/biochar (BiOCl/Bi2S3/BC) by solid-state reaction with coupled roles as photocatalyst during sunlight exposure and adsorbent when there is no light. BiOCl/Bi2S3/BC was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX, HR-TEM

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is applicable in photocatalysis and light-induced processes for activation of substrates, to be superiorly applicable for converting toxic containments into harmless fragments. Carbon nanostructures (CNs) are extensively attracted the attention of researchers, attributing to their diversity and exclusive physicochemical characters. Herein, the affinity of CNs either under acidic

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of flood hazard mapping in Ankara, the capital of Türkiye, highlighting the critical vulnerability of this major urban center to climate-related disasters. By applying advanced boosting algorithms—specifically, XGBoost, GradientBoost, and CatBoost—along with hyperparameter optimization through the Fick’s law algorithm (FLA), this research introduces an innovative

Saltwater intrusion has significant and diverse impacts on agriculture, freshwater resources, and the well-being of coastal communities. To effectively address this issue, precise models for predicting saltwater intrusion must be developed, as well as timely information for reaction planning. In this study, a spectrum of machine learning (ML) methodologies, specifically Random Forest Regression (RFR)

Groundwater quality assessment is crucial for sustainable water resource management in Maharashtra, India, where groundwater helps for main water sources for irrigation, domestic, and industrial sectors. Despite numerous studies on regional groundwater quality, there remains a lack of integrated research combining hydrogeochemical analyses with advanced spatial and statistical techniques. This study

The problem of access to clean water has been highlighted by the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals, and in areas such as Islamabad, Pakistan, water pollution is more of an immediate concern. The impact of excessive use of fertilizers coupled with improper waste management has harmed aquifers. This necessitates the need for tools to map out regions of concern and assist with clean-up strategies

The paper relates to the treatment of municipal wastewater by intensifying simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes. The obtained results can be applied to the construction of new treatment plants as well as the upgrading of existing facilities to enhance the nitrogen removal efficiency from treated water. The developed method and corresponding installation leverage the potential of

Cavitation is one of the primary causes of breakdown and failure on chute spillways, causing surface damage and structural destruction. In this research, a three-dimensional two-phase flow over an ogee spillway was modeled using the FLOW-3D model for the Gelevard-Neka spillway and validated with the available field data. After analyzing the hydrodynamic parameters of flow, a method was presented to

Urban underground space (UUS) provides innovative solutions to urban challenges such as overpopulation, resource scarcity, and environmental issues. However, UUS's lack of comprehensive evaluation standards hinders its sustainable development. This study systematically introduces a novel framework for evaluating green ecological UUS, integrating methodologies such as factor analysis, the analytic hierarchy

Seventy-seven groundwater samples from Wadi Ranyah, Saudi Arabia, were analyzed to assess their physical and chemical properties. Initially, the physiochemical parameters were compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) standards and studied with Durov and Chadha diagrams. Multivariate statistical indices, such as the saturation index (SI), chloro-alkaline indices (CAI), Gibbs ratios, heavy metals

In the East Nile Delta Region, Egypt, water scarcity is a major concern, as the shallow Quaternary aquifer has been observed to experience a persistent decline in groundwater levels alongside a deterioration in groundwater quality. The present study was carried out to identify the processes that control water quality mainly in relation to salinity sources and the suitability for drinking and irrigation

In this research, the hybrid model consisting of output of 23 general circulation models (GCMs) was statistically downscaled using the lower airspace radar service- weather generator (LARS-WG) model. Also, soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) distributed hydrological model was calibrated in order to simulate the runoff of the Hablehroud basin (an arid watershed in the north of Iran) in the base period

Heavy metals can be extracted from aqueous solutions by using the Zn-Co-Fe/LDH adsorbent (2:2:1 M), which was made by coprecipitation. Many of analytical methods, inclusive the scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were applied to evaluate the produced adsorbent. The impact of adsorption factors consisting adsorbent dosage, time, initially adsorbate

This study presents a rigorous investigation into determining the optimal placement of a drainage well and cutoff wall to effectively mitigate the uplift force and seepage discharge in small concrete dams. A sophisticated numerical model based on the two-dimensional Laplace equation was developed for this purpose. The Laplace equation was discretized using the finite difference method with a second-order

This study explores the potential of utilizing weathered basalt waste, discarded from basalt stone quarrying, as a resource for producing efficient adsorbents to remove Fe (III) and Zn (II) from aqueous and real wastewater. Raw weathered basalt (RWB), and its calcined derivatives at 750 °C for 3 h (CWB-750) and at 950 °C for 1 h with activated carbon impregnation (CWB/AC-950), were prepared and characterized

The global increase in plastic production has significantly contributed to the contamination of aquatic environments with MPs. This study examined the adsorption of CV dye onto PS MPs in aquatic ecosystems. BBD was utilized to optimize adsorption conditions and evaluate the effects of key independent variables on the adsorption process. The sorption experiments were conducted using reaction mixtures

This research exploration emerged from the critical need to revolutionize heat transfer techniques, particularly in pivotal domains like nuclear technologies, electronics and energy-efficient systems. The motivation for this study endeavour stemmed from the complex interrelation among nanofluids, magnetic fields and their potential for enhancing heat exchange. A pragmatic numerical approach is utilized

The studied region is located in the southwestern Iran and on the border of Iran and Iraq. In the past, this region had dense palm groves and abundant plants. However, due to the decrease in upstream discharge, in recent years, saline and sodium seawater has intrusion in the river and affected the agricultural lands along its sides. This event has caused irreparable and serious damage to the agricultural

The photocatalytic material Ag@Ag2O/AgCl was successfully prepared using GO and CA gel as carriers, through chemical coupling, in situ deposition, and photo-induced reduction. The performance of the composite photocatalytic material, its photodegradation performance, mechanism, and pathways of Sudan I (SD I) in APG aqueous solution were explored. The results showed that the prepared composite photocatalytic

Population growth has significantly affected groundwater resources globally. Groundwater is essential for agriculture and human consumption. Considering these issues, we focused on the Dharmapuri District, Tamil Nadu, India. In the study area, 70 \(\%\) of the population depend on agriculture, necessitating assessing groundwater potential zone. Thematic layers such as geology, geomorphology, drainage

Phycocyanin is a phycobiliprotein that has various pharmacological properties. The nature of phycocyanin is blue, non-toxic, odorless, and slightly sweet when dissolved in water. Considering the importance and uses of phycocyanin, including oral, medicinal, and cosmetic, the aim of this research is finding a new way to extract optimal phycocyanin. In this regard, four new and economical microfiltration

Annual medic (Medicago scutellata L.) is a crucial legume that exhibits significantly reduced growth rates during germination under salt and drought stress conditions. This study aims to identify the sensitive components of seedling growth in response to these stresses. In the first experiment, seeds were exposed to magnetic fields of 125 and 250 mT for varying durations (1, 2, 4, and 6 h). In the

The open channel and pressurized pipe combined water delivery systems usually have long pipelines, many overflow structures, and especially with two different flow regimes, making the transient simulations complicated and time-consuming. A graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) is proposed to solve the above problem. The LBM model for water hammer in pipes is improved

Continuous monitoring and control of drinking water sources in cities and villages play a crucial role in ensuring health and hygiene. This research focuses on analyzing the quality and determining the underground water indicators of selected villages in Taleghan city. Water samples from six wells in the Taleghan region were collected and analyzed in the laboratory to check their physicochemical parameters

Water quality monitoring is critical for maintaining safe water and conserving ecosystem diversity. However, data and information on riverine water quality are sparse in India’s river systems. Remote sensing analytics have huge potential to enhance the ecological state of water resources by monitoring the evolution of water contamination over time. The principal aim of the study is to use empirical

Conserving water saves energy. Energy is needed to filter, heat, and pump water to our homes. So, reducing your water use also reduces our carbon footprint. Using less water keeps more water in our ecosystems and helps to keep wetland habitats topped up for animals like otters, water voles, herons, and fish. In this regard, the practice of water efficiency plays an important role. Water conservation

Influences of land use and monsoon recharge on groundwater geochemistry in the hard rock aquifer in south India are studied using geochemical modelling, geochemical and geospatial tools, and Pearson correlation analysis (PCA). Groundwater samples were collected from 2017 to 2019 (n = 267) and analysed for EC, pH, major ions, and minor ions. Water samples were classified into urban (n = 89) and agricultural

The treatment of industrial wastewater, containing various contaminants like chemicals, dyes, and heavy metals, has emerged as a significant environmental issue. Traditional treatment procedures, although successful, frequently include synthetic chemicals that are non-biodegradable and present hazards to both ecosystems and human health. Bio-flocculants, especially those originating from extracellular

Groundwater is an essential source for drinking purposes; hence, a qualitative analysis is necessary for groundwater resources. This study aims to assess the impacts of dynamic land use land cover (LULC) and climatic conditions on groundwater quality for drinking purposes. The investigative analysis of research used the water quality index (WQI) to analyze the groundwater quality and the source identified

In the present study, the optimum design of an abnormal stilling basin which may not to be categorized in the available standards, is investigated downstream of bottom outlet of a dam, using a physical model and three-dimension (3D) numerical simulation. The length of basin, shape and location of blocks and sills are changed and behavior of flow in stilling basin is investigated. RNG (Renormalization

Water is a limited natural resource that is essential for both the survival of the environment and all forms of life. Nowadays, heavy metal pollution containing Cr has put serious threat to our environment. It can enter into soil, water, and even particulate matter in air, and can be harmful to human health and wild life. In this work, the removal of Cr from synthetic wastewater by electrocoagulation

Increased fluoride and nitrate concentration in water resources can affect consumers' health adversely. The objective of this study is to health risk assessment of fluoride and nitrate in the drinking water of municipal and rural areas of Zahedan using probabilistic approaches. For this purpose, 347 water samples were collected from both urban and rural areas of this province. After the chemical analysis

This study assesses the impact of land-use and climate change on hydrological regime of three dam watersheds (Karaj, Latian and Mamlu) in Alborz and Tehran Provinces of Iran. Daily precipitation and temperature data from CMIP6 are transiently downscaled to ten climatic stations using the LARS-WG under global warming scenarios SSP1-1.9, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5. The Cellular Automata-Markov-chain machine

Identifying the primary pollution source poses a challenge in river watersheds characterized by diverse land-cover types and mixed pollution sources. We addressed this challenge by focusing on the major tributaries influencing the water quality of the Mankyung River’s mainstream, successfully identifying the primary pollution source. Additionally, it identified the limiting nutrient for algal growth

Drought assessment is inherently complex, particularly under the influences of climate change, which complicates long-term forecasting. This study introduces a novel hybrid deep learning model, Deep Feedforward Natural Networks (DFFNN), enhanced by War Strategy Optimization (WSO), aimed at forecasting the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for lead times of one, three, six,

In this study, Fe3O4 magnetite nanoparticles were coated on the granular activated carbon (GAC) surface and packed in stainless steel (SS) mesh, which was named MGACSS. It was developed as a novel three-dimensional cathode in the heterogeneous electro-Fenton (HEF) process for direct dye removal from colored wastewater. According to the Box–Behnken design, the Direct Blue 80 (DB80) dye removal efficiency

Studying sediment transport to rivers is crucial for effective river management, engineering, and environmental preservation. Neglecting this aspect can lead to significant harm to natural ecosystems. This research aims to estimate suspended sediment levels in the Kal-e Shur Sabzevar River using various machine learning algorithms, which have gained popularity in recent years due to their high accuracy

The Middle East region, with its arid and semi-arid climate, is one of the regions most affected by climate change and water scarcity. To address the severe issue of water scarcity in the western region of Iraq, this study identifies optimal potential rainwater harvesting (RWH) locations. Geographic Information System (GIS) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) techniques were employed to generate

In the globe, there is a rise in water demand for agricultural, industrial, and domestic purposes. Single-basin solar stills (SBSS) have been a subject of research in various countries, particularly in regions with water scarcity or limited access to clean drinking water. In this work, SBSS for desalinating high-salinity water were developed, tested, and evaluated based on a developed numerical model

This research examines the efficacy of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) in removing phosphate and nitrate from wastewater, enhanced by the memory effect and in situsynthesis techniques. LDHs were synthesized hydrothermally, initially creating carbonate-based CO₃–LDHs, which were then converted to chloride-based Cl–LDHs through anion exchange. These LDHs underwent calcination at 300 °C, 400 °C, and