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Dʺ Structures Beneath the East China Sea Resolved by P-Wave Slowness Anomalies J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Jiewen Li, Dongdong Tian, Daoyuan Sun, Ping Tong
The Dʺ layer, defined as 200–400 km in the lowermost mantle, is a thermal and chemical boundary layer between the solid silicate mantle and the liquid outer core. Deciphering the detailed structures of the Dʺ region is essential for unlocking the thermal and chemical states in the deep Earth. Here, we precisely measure the slowness and back-azimuth of the direct P-waves by beamforming based on the
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Shear-Dominant Continental Rifting in Northern Ryukyu Revealed by Ambient Noise Tomography J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-31 Kai-Xun Chen, Ban-Yuan Kuo, Ting-Jun Lin, Pei-Ying Patty Lin, Yuancheng Gung, Eh Tan, Shuichi Kodaira, Yasushi Ishihara, Mamoru Nakamura, Ryuta Arai, Fang-Yi Lee, Shu-Huei Hung, Kate Huihsuan Chen, Ching-Ren Lin, Chau-Chang Wang
In this study, we reveal the deformational structure of the crust of the northern part of the Ryukyu Arc and Okinawa Trough using ambient noise tomography. Compared with southern Ryukyu, the northern segment exhibits a wide and shallow basin, a crust without localized thinning, slow extension rates, and highly arc-oblique, right-lateral retreat of the Ryukyu Arc. We present both isotropic and azimuthally
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Exploring the Dynamic Interactions Between the Southern San Andreas Fault and a Normal Fault Under the Salton Sea J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-11-02 Luis Iván Bazán Flores, Christodoulos Kyriakopoulos, David D. Oglesby, Aron J. Meltzner, Thomas K. Rockwell, John M. Fletcher, Daniel Brothers
We investigate the dynamic interactions between the Southern San Andreas Fault (SSAF) and a proximal normal fault (NF) beneath the Salton Sea in southern California. The NF, positioned near the SSAF terminus at Bombay Beach, exhibits 11–15 displacement events across 14 stratigraphic sequences, with a range of 0.2–1.4 m of vertical offset since ∼2–3 ka. Notably, four of these events may align temporally
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Crustal Deformation and Seismic Velocity Perturbations in the Alto Tiberina Fault Zone (Northern Apennines, Italy) J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-31 C. Almagro Vidal, L. Zaccarelli, F. Pintori, E. Serpelloni
Crustal perturbations related to seismic activity can generally be observed with the occurrence of a large magnitude event. For less energetic seismic sequences though, the associated transient crustal variations are questionably measurable, and their observation gets easily obscured by relatively stronger perturbations such as the ones related to hydrological processes. In this study we reveal the
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Dynamic Rupture Modeling of Large Earthquake Scenarios at the Hellenic Arc Toward Physics-Based Seismic and Tsunami Hazard Assessment J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-11-02 Sara Aniko Wirp, Alice-Agnes Gabriel, Thomas Ulrich, Stefano Lorito
The Mediterranean Hellenic Arc subduction zone (HASZ) has generated several MW≥${\mathrm{M}}_{W}\ge $8 earthquakes and tsunamis. Seismic-probabilistic tsunami hazard assessment typically utilizes uniform or stochastic earthquake models, which may not represent dynamic rupture and tsunami generation complexity. We present an ensemble of ten 3D dynamic rupture earthquake scenarios for the HASZ, utilizing
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Seismic Image of the Central to Southern Andean Subduction Zone Through Finite-Frequency Tomography J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Y. Kondo, M. Obayashi, H. Sugioka, H. Shiobara, A. Ito, M. Shinohara, H. Iwamori, M. Kinoshita, M. Miller, C. Tassara, J. Ojeda
This study presents new seismic imaging of the Andean subduction zone through P-wave hybrid finite-frequency and ray-theoretical tomography. We measured both differential and absolute traveltimes using broadband seismic waveforms from stations in an array of ocean-bottom seismographs near the Chile Triple Junction (CTJ) and stations within 30° of the array. These data were combined with the global
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Numerical Simulation on the Electrical Conductivity of Ternary Mixtures Containing NaCl Solution, Quartz, and Smectite J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-29 K. Aoyama, T. Hashimoto
While the electrical conductivity of smectite-rich rocks is high, previous studies have only partially revealed its dependence on temperature, salinity, and porosity. This knowledge gap mainly arises from challenges in controlling various experimental conditions when measuring the conductivity of real smectite-bearing rock samples and quantifying the smectite content. To mimic conductivity measurements
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Mitigation and Optimization of Induced Seismicity Using Physics-Based Forecasting J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-29 Ryley G. Hill, Matthew Weingarten, Cornelius Langenbruch, Yuri Fialko
Fluid injection can induce seismicity by altering stresses on pre-existing faults. Here, we investigate minimizing induced earthquake potential by optimizing injection operations in a physics-based forecasting framework. We built a 3D finite element model of the poroelastic crust for the Raton Basin, Central US, and used it to estimate time dependent Coulomb stress changes due to ∼ ${\sim} $ 25 years
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Lithospheric Structure and Strength Variations in Antarctica From Joint Modeling of Elevation, Geoid and Seismic Data J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-29 Fei Ji, Mingju Xu, Qiao Zhang, Xiaochun Liu, Xin Zhou
Antarctica is renowned for its ancient cratons, difficult-to-observe sutures and active continental rifts. Detailed lithospheric structure and strength estimates are crucial for understanding the potential distribution, long-term geological evolution, and deformation patterns of this continent. The lithospheric structure of the Antarctic continent is investigated based on joint modeling of elevation
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Structure and Non-Ideal Mixing of Fe-Ni-S Liquid at High Temperature and Pressure and Its Implication for the Earth's Outer Core Composition J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-28 Sajin Satyal, Jianwei Wang
The effect of light elements (LEs) such as sulfur on the physical properties of liquid iron-nickel alloy under the earth's outer core conditions is critical for understanding the core composition and dynamics. First-principles molecular dynamics simulations were employed to model Fe-Ni-S liquid with S concentrations in the range of (0–25) atomic percent (at%) at 4050 K and (0–33.33) at% at 5530 K and
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Issue Information J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-29
No abstract is available for this article.
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Effects of Chemical Alteration on Frictional Properties in a Deep, Granitic, Geothermal System in Cornwall: Direct Shear Experiments at Near In Situ Conditions J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-27 N. Harpers, N. Forbes Inskip, M. J. Allen, J. Buckman, D. R. Faulkner, H. Claes, R. Shail, S. den Hartog, A. Busch
The geochemical alteration of host rocks might affect the productivity and the potential for induced seismicity of geothermal systems. In addition to natural alteration, following production and heat extraction, re-injected fluids at lower temperatures and different pressures may be in chemical disequilibrium with the rock, impacting mineral solubility and dissolution/precipitation processes. In this
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Widespread D″ Anisotropy Beneath North America and the Northeastern Pacific and Implications for Upper Mantle Anisotropy Measurements J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-25 Jonathan Wolf, Daniel A. Frost, Alexia Brewster, Maureen D. Long, Ed Garnero, John D. West
Observations of seismic waves that have passed through the Earth's lowermost mantle provide insight into deep mantle structure and dynamics, often on relatively small spatial scales. Here we use SKS, S2KS, S3KS, and PKS signals recorded across a large region including the United States, Mexico, and Central America to study the deepest mantle beneath large swaths of North America and the northeastern
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Decoding Stress Patterns of the 2023 Türkiye-Syria Earthquake Doublet J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-25 Jianquan Chen, Chang Liu, Luca Dal Zilio, Jianling Cao, Hui Wang, Guangliang Yang, Oğuz H. Göğüş, Hang Zhang, Yaolin Shi
Earthquake interaction across multiple time scales can reveal complex stress evolution and rupture patterns. Here, we investigate the role of static stress change in the 2023 Mw 7.8 and 7.6 earthquake doublet along the East Anatolian Fault (EAF), using simulations of 19 historical earthquakes (M ≥ 6.1) and the 2023 earthquake doublet from 1822 to 2023. Focusing on six cascading sub-events during the
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Locating Boundaries Between Locked and Creeping Regions at Nankai and Cascadia Subduction Zones J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-24 E. M. Sherrill, K. M. Johnson, N. M. Jackson
Interseismic coupling maps and, especially, estimates of the location of the fully coupled (locked) zone relative to the trench, coastline, and slow slip events are crucial for determining megathrust earthquake hazard at subduction zones. We present an interseismic coupling inversion that estimates the locations of the upper and lower boundaries of the locked zone, the lower boundary of the deep transition
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Pressure Monitoring of Disposal Reservoirs in North-Central Oklahoma: Implications for Seismicity and Geostorage J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-25 B. Allen, K. Murray, P. Ogwari, F. Suriamin, J. I. Walter, N. W. Hayman
Disposal of industrial wastewater and activities such as CO2${\mathrm{C}\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ underground sequestration depend upon pressure conditions within deep geologic reservoirs. Sometimes, injection and storage are associated with induced seismicity, suggested to result from reservoir compartmentalization, leakage into faults, or other mechanisms in the subsurface. To understand subsurface pressure
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Back-Propagating Rupture: Nature, Excitation, and Implications J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-26 Xiaotian Ding, Shiqing Xu, Eiichi Fukuyama, Futoshi Yamashita
Recent observations show that certain rupture phase can propagate backward relative to the earlier one during a single earthquake event. Such back-propagating rupture (BPR) was not well considered by the conventional earthquake source studies and remains a mystery to the seismological community. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of BPR, by combining theoretical considerations, numerical simulations
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Afterslip and Creep in the Rate-Dependent Framework: Joint Inversion of Borehole Strain and GNSS Displacements for the Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest Earthquake J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-25 C. Hanagan, R. A. Bennett, A. Barbour, A. N. Hughes
The elusive transition toward afterslip following an earthquake is challenging to capture with typical data resolution limits. A dense geodetic network recorded the Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake, including 16 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations and 3 borehole strainmeters (BSM). The sub-nanostrain precision and sub-second sampling rate of BSMs bridges a gap between conventional seismologic
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Particle Concentrations and Sizes for the Onset of Settling-Driven Gravitational Instabilities: Experimental Validation and Application to Volcanic Ash Clouds J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-25 Allan Fries, Jonathan Lemus, Paul A. Jarvis, Amanda B. Clarke, Jeremy C. Phillips, Irene Manzella, Costanza Bonadonna
Settling-driven gravitational instabilities (SDGIs) can form at the base of buoyant particle-laden suspensions, modulating particle sedimentation in various settings such as meteorological and volcanic clouds, fluvial plumes, magma chambers, submarine hydrothermal plumes, or industrial emissions. These instabilities result in the formation of rapidly descending currents called ‘fingers’ within which
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Paleomagnetic Field Variability and Revised Chronostratigraphy of Bering Sea (IODP Expedition 323) Deep-Sea Sediments During MIS 6–7 (130–144 ka) J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-23 Steve Lund, Emily Mortazavi, Joe Stoner, Makoto Okada
We have developed replicate paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) records for MIS 6–7 (130–244 ka) from IODP Ex. 3 23 Sites 1,343, 1,344, and 1,345 (Bering Sea). We can correlate the PSV at all three sites and identify 90 inclination features and 64 declination features. We have developed relative paleointensity records for all three sites by normalizing the demagnetized natural remanence to magnetic
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The Influence of Mantle Structure on Dynamic Topography in Southern Africa J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-22 Kenneth C. Gourley, Christoper Harig
Due to relatively high terrain and negligible active tectonics, the southern Africa region boasts over 30 independent estimates of dynamic topography. These published estimates display a wide variance due to both the variety of methods used in computation and a lack of constraints on the regional mantle structure. Here we show that a focus on regional mantle structure is important to generate models
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Seismic Evidence for Velocity Heterogeneity Along ∼40 Ma Old Oceanic Crustal Segment Formed at the Slow-Spreading Equatorial Mid-Atlantic Ridge From Full Waveform Inversion of Ocean Bottom Seismometer Data J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-22 Peng Guo, Satish C. Singh
In slow spreading environments, oceanic crust is formed by a combination of magmatic and tectonic processes. Using full waveform inversion applied to active-source ocean bottom seismometer data, we reveal the presence of a strong lateral variability in the 40–48 Ma old oceanic crust formed at the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Over a 120 km-long section between
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Deflected Mantle Flow and Shearing-Aligned Lithospheric Melt Under the Strike-Slip Dead Sea Rift J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-20 Huikai Xu, Youqiang Yu, Jiaji Xi
Continental rifting is one of the fundamental tectonics of the Earth evolution while our current understandings on the dynamic mechanism of the strike-slip ones are relatively limited. Here, we have utilized three kinds of core-refracted shear waves (including PKS, SKKS, and SKS) and employed the shear-wave splitting technique to systematically investigate the azimuthal anisotropy of the upper mantle
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Using Extensive Core-Reflected Phases to Constrain Sharp Inner Core Boundary Beneath East Asia J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-21 Haodong Zhang, Tianyu Cui, Yinshuang Ai
The physical properties of the Earth's inner core boundary (ICB) are crucial for understanding inner core growth and geodynamo generation. In this study, we analyze the differential travel time residuals (DTTRs) and waveform similarities of the core-reflected phases (PKiKP and PcP) to investigate fine-scale seismic structures of the ICB. To study the ICB beneath East Asia, we collect a total of 4,272
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The Origin of Magnetofossil Coercivity Components: Constraints From Coupled Experimental Observations and Micromagnetic Calculations J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-18 Pengfei Xue, Liao Chang, Zhaowen Pei, Richard J. Harrison
Biogenic magnetite crystals produced by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) and associated magnetofossils in sediments are characterized by variable morphologies, grain sizes, and chain structures. Magnetofossils are widely used in paleomagnetic and paleoenvironmental studies, but the complex magnetofossil shapes and particle arrangements significantly affect magnetic properties, hampering their magnetic
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Aluminum and Iron Effects on the Electrical Conductivity of the Dense Hydrous Magnesium Silicate Phase E J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-19 Bin Zhao, Izumi Mashino, Takashi Yoshino
The electrical conductivity of pure and Al/Fe-bearing phase E was measured up to 950 K at 15 GPa using a complex impedance spectroscopy. Pure phase E shows comparable conductivity to that of phase D, and a few orders of magnitude higher than that of phase A and super-hydrous phase B. Al-bearing phase E does not exhibit a conductivity difference, while a certain amount of incorporated Fe prominently
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Successive Tsunamigenic Events Near Sofu Seamount Inferred From High-Frequency Teleseismic P and Regional T Waves J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 Shunsuke Takemura, Tatsuya Kubota, Osamu Sandanbata
An unexpected major tsunami from the region near Sofu Seamount was observed on 8 October 2023. Sofu Seamount is located approximately 600 km from the coast of Japan. Due to far epicentral distances and the successive occurrence of seismic events, the conventional seismic analysis to reveal the accompanying seismic sequence cannot work well. We investigated high-frequency teleseismic P and regional
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Paleomagnetic Records From Pulsed Magmatism in the Southwestern Laurentia Large Igneous Province and Cardenas Basalt Support Rapid Late Mesoproterozoic Plate Motion J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 Yiming Zhang, Nicolas S. Anderson, Michael T. Mohr, Lyle L. Nelson, Francis A. Macdonald, Mark D. Schmitz, Olivia G. Thurston, William R. Guenthner, Karl E. Karlstrom, Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell
Mafic intrusions, lava flows, and felsic plutons in southwestern Laurentia have been hypothesized to be associated with the emplacement of a late Mesoproterozoic (Stenian Period) large igneous province. Improved geochronologic data resolve distinct episodes of mafic magmatism in the region. The ca. 1,098 Ma main pulse of southwestern Laurentia large igneous province (SWLLIP) magmatism is recorded by
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Fault-Valve Instability: A Mechanism for Slow Slip Events J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-18 So Ozawa, Yuyun Yang, Eric M. Dunham
Geophysical and geological studies provide evidence for cyclic changes in fault-zone pore fluid pressure that synchronize with or at least modulate slip events. A hypothesized explanation is fault valving arising from temporal changes in fault zone permeability. In our study, we investigate how the coupled dynamics of rate and state friction, along-fault fluid flow, and permeability evolution can produce
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Frictional Contacts Between Rough Grains With Fractal Morphology J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-16 Deheng Wei, Chongpu Zhai, Hengxu Song, Ryan Hurley, Shaoqi Huang, Yixiang Gan, Minglong Xu
Surface morphology plays a crucial role in friction between two contacting geomaterial surfaces, yet many questions remain unanswered regarding how detailed frictional responses deviate from analytical solutions for smooth surfaces due to the presence of roughness. In this study, we revisit the Cattaneo-Mindlin problem for contacts between two fractally rough elastic or elasto-plastic spheres generated
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Seismo-Acoustic Characterization of the 2018 Sierra Negra Caldera Resurgence and Fissure Eruption in the Galápagos Islands J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-17 Hugo D. Ortiz, Robin S. Matoza, Benjamin Bernard, Rodrigo De Negri, Mario C. Ruiz
The 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos, Ecuador has provided new insights into the mechanisms of caldera resurgence, subsidence, and fissuring at basaltic shield volcanoes. Here, we integrate local (∼0.4 km) seismo-acoustic records and regional (∼85 km) infrasound array data to present new observations of the 2018 Sierra Negra eruption with improved time and spatial resolutions. These
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Passive Source Reverse Time Migration Based on the Spectral Element Method J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-12 Bin He, Yu Chen, Ting Lei, David Lumley, Qinya Liu, Nozomu Takeuchi, Hitoshi Kawakatsu, Hejun Zhu
Increasing deployment of dense arrays has facilitated detailed structure imaging for tectonic investigation, hazard assessment and resource exploration. Strong velocity heterogeneity and topographic changes have to be considered during passive source imaging. However, it is quite challenging for ray-based methods, such as Kirchhoff migration or the widely used teleseismic receiver function, to handle
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Controls on the Stratigraphic Architecture of the US Atlantic Margin: Processes Forming the Accommodation Space J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-11 G. Lang, U. S. ten Brink, D. R. Hutchinson, G. S. Mountain, U. Schattner
Accommodation space governs the spatial and temporal distributions of sediments in continental margins. Mapping the sedimentation patterns, therefore, offers insights into the solid-Earth processes that shape accommodation space. We assembled an unprecedented amount of seismic and borehole data along the Eastern North American Margin and used it to divide the margin's sedimentary package into eight
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Low Thermal Conductivity of Epidote and Its Cooling Effect on the Oceanic Crust J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-11 Kenan Han, Duojun Wang, Chunjie Cao, Ruixin Zhang, Nao Cai, Peng Chen, Kewei Shen
Epidote is a potential water carrier in subducting oceanic crust, and it is involved in temperature records from blueschist and eclogite exhumed from subduction zones. Thermal conductivity (κ) and thermal diffusivity (D) of epidote were measured at 303–1,473 K and 0.5–3.0 GPa using the transient plane-source method. κ and D values decreased with temperature before dehydration, but increase anomalously
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The Curie Surface and Lithospheric Thermal Structure in Mongolia-Baikal Region J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-09 Jing Hou, Jian Fang, Kai Wang
The Mongolia-Baikal region, located between the Siberia, North China, and Tarim cratons, exhibits the most pronounced lithospheric accretion and extension since the Phanerozoic. Despite its distance from plate boundaries, the region's notable tectonic activity underscores its importance for studying intraplate lithospheric deformation. However, its lithospheric thermal structure, particularly at high
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Crystallographic Preferred Orientation of Phase D at High Pressure and Temperature: Implications for Seismic Anisotropy in the Mid-Mantle J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-08 Wentian Wu, Yu Nishihara, Noriyoshi Tsujino
Seismic anisotropy has been widely observed in the lower mantle transition zone and the uppermost lower mantle near several subducting slabs, which is typically attributed to the crystallographic preferred orientation (CPO) of constituent minerals. In this study, well-controlled uniaxial and simple shear deformation experiments were conducted on Mg-endmember phase D and Al-bearing phase D aggregates
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Phase-Transition Variations in Granular Materials Under Multi-Period Vibrations: Implications for Triggering Landslides After Multiple Earthquakes J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-08 Hui Luo, Wei Hu, Qiang Xu, Runqiu Huang, Mauri McSaveney, Li Zhou, Wenrui Yang
Earthquake-triggered landslides are widely recognized. Despite extensive research on the seismic responses of landslides triggered by single earthquakes, there is a lack of understanding of the seismic responses of landslides due to earthquake sequences and multiple earthquakes, and the mechanisms of dynamic weakening under multiple earthquakes still lack support from experimental results. To explore
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Vertical Displacements and Sea-Level Changes in Eastern North America Driven by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment: An Ensemble Modeling Approach J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-09 Karen Williams, D. Sarah Stamps, Daniele Melini, Giorgio Spada
Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) describes the response of the solid Earth, oceans, and gravitational field to the spatio-temporal evolution of ice sheets during a glacial cycle. Present-day vertical displacements and sea-level changes vary throughout eastern North America in response to the melting of the Laurentide Ice Sheet following the Last Glacial Maximum. We use the open-source software SELEN4
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Frictional Strength and Frictional Instability of Glaucophane Gouges at Blueschist Temperatures Support Diverse Modes of Fault Slip From Slow Slip Events to Moderate-Sized Earthquakes J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-08 Mengke An, Fengshou Zhang, Zhen-Yu Yin, Rui Huang, Derek Elsworth, Chris Marone
Fluid overpressure from the water released by subducted sediments and oceanic crust is an important mechanism for generating earthquakes via brittle failure and frictional instability. If unstable, such fault materials may also host diverse fault reactivation mechanisms from slow slip events to moderate-sized earthquakes in cold subduction zones. We examine this hypothesis for glaucophane gouge - a
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Topography Response to Horizontal Slab Tearing and Oblique Continental Collision: Insights From 3D Thermomechanical Modeling J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-08 Giridas Maiti, Alexander Koptev, Paul Baville, Taras Gerya, Silvia Crosetto, Nevena Andrić-Tomašević
The horizontal propagation of slab detachment (slab tearing) is known to control lateral migration of the mountain uplift along the collisional belt. However, along-strike differential collision due to an oblique passive margin geometry can make the topography response more complex. In this study, we employ 3D thermomechanical modeling to distinguish between the lateral migration of the mountain topography
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Influences of the Stagnant Pacific Slab Beyond Its Westernmost Edge: Insights From the Cenozoic Alkaline Basalts in the Dariganga Volcanic Field, SE Mongolia J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Zongying Huang, Chao Yuan, Yunying Zhang, Tserendash Narantsetseg, Haiou Gu, Yi-Gang Xu, Qiang Wang
It remains uncertain whether a stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone can affect the asthenospheric mantle beyond its leading edge. To address this question, we investigated Cenozoic alkaline basalts from the Dariganga volcanic field (DVF) in southeastern Mongolia. The DVF is located west of North–South Gravity Lineament (NSGL) in Eastern China, which is spatially coincident with the seismically
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The Distribution of Surface Heat Flow on the Tibetan Plateau Revealed by Data-Driven Methods J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Zhengliang Zhang, Sensen Wu, Baohua Zhang, Zhenhong Du, Qunke Xia
Surface heat flow (SHF) serves as a vital parameter for assessing the heat transfer from deep Earth to the surface, which can provide crucial insights into internal geodynamic processes. As the “roof of the world,” the Tibetan Plateau and its tectonic evolution are highly important in terms of global climate change and geodynamic study. However, a comprehensive understanding of the SHF distribution
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Clay Minerals and Continental-Scale Remagnetization: A Case Study of South American Neoproterozoic Carbonates J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-05 Ualisson Donardelli Bellon, Ricardo Ivan Ferreira Trindade, Wyn Williams, Douglas Galante, Lucy Gomes Sant’Anna, Thales Pescarini
The Neoproterozoic carbonate rocks of the Araras Group (Amazon Craton) and the Sete-Lagoas and Salitre Formations (São Francisco Craton) share a statistically indistinguishable single-polarity (reversed) characteristic direction. This direction is associated with paleomagnetic poles that do not align with the expected directions for primary detrital remanence. We employ a combination of classical rock
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Sediment Corrections for Distributed Acoustic Sensing J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-04 Alister Trabattoni, Clara Vernet, Martijn van den Ende, Marie Baillet, Bertrand Potin, Diane Rivet
On continental margins, sediments cause significant and spatially variable delays in seismic phase arrival times. The strong impedance contrast of the sediment-bedrock interface causes P-wave splitting that is clearly seen on distributed acoustic sensing recordings of earthquakes, resulting in additional phase arrivals that must be picked separately. We introduce sediment corrections to correctly account
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Very-Near-Field Coseismic Fault Pressure Drop and Delayed Postseismic Cross-Fault Flow Induced by Fault Damage From the 2018 M6.3 Hualien, Taiwan Earthquake J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-02 Ruei-Jiun Hung, Matthew Weingarten, Michael Manga
Earthquakes can produce rock damage, poroelastic deformation, and ground shaking that modify fault zone hydrogeologic properties. Coseismic and postseismic hydrologic response to the ruptured fault can serve as constraints on hydrogeologic property changes. Here, we document fluid pressure responses to the 2018 M6.3 Hualien, Taiwan earthquake and model the postseismic fault zone hydrology inferred
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Unwrap Intractable C-Band Coseismic Interferograms: An Improved SNAPHU Method With Range Offset Gradients as Prior Information J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-02 Kun Jiang, Wenbin Xu, Lei Xie
C-band Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data are widely used to map coseismic deformation. However, phase unwrapping errors are commonly distributed near faults owing to decorrelation and steep phase gradients from short radar wavelengths. Here, we propose an improved SNAPHU phase-unwrapping algorithm that considers the prior information of the range offset gradients (P-SNAPHU) to overcome
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A Quantitative Comparison and Validation of Finite-Fault Models: The 2011 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-02 Jeremy Wing Ching Wong, Wenyuan Fan, Alice-Agnes Gabriel
Large earthquakes rupture faults over hundreds of kilometers within minutes. Finite-fault models image these processes and provide observational constraints for understanding earthquake physics. However, finite-fault inversions are subject to non-uniqueness and uncertainties. The diverse range of published models for the well-recorded 2011 M w ${M}_{w}$ 9.0 Tohoku-Oki earthquake illustrates this challenge
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Crust and Mantle Flow From Central Tibetan Plateau to the Indo-Burma Subduction Zone J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Prakash Timsina, Thomas M. Hearn, James F. Ni
The extremely oblique Indo-Burma subduction zone exhibits dextral strike-slip faulting along the Sagaing, Kabaw, and Churachandpur-Mao Faults as well as east-west shortening between the Sagaing Fault and Bengal Basin. Through regional stress analysis, considering areas from central Tibet, around the eastern Himalaya Syntaxis, to Burma, it has been determined that the principal compressive stress directions
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A Limited Effect of Continents on Subduction Initiation for Convection With Grain-Damage J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-29 H. Choi, B. J. Foley
Despite significant study, when and how plate tectonics initiated on Earth remains contentious. Geologic evidence from some of Earth's earliest cratons has been interpreted as reflecting the formation of initial continental blocks by non-subduction processes, which then trigger subduction initiation at their margins. Numerical models of mantle convection with a plastic yield stress rheology have shown
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Unstable Sliding of Plagioclase Gouge and Deformation Mechanisms Under Hydrothermal Conditions With Effective Normal Stresses of 100–300 MPa J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-29 Changrong He, Xi Ma, Shengnan Yao
Plagioclase feldspar is a major mineral in mafic crustal rocks. To better understand the deformation mechanism of plagioclase feldspar during frictional faulting, we conducted shearing experiments on simulated plagioclase gouge in a wide range of effective normal stress of 100–300 MPa, pore-water pressure of 30–100 MPa, and temperatures ranging from 100°C to 600°C. The coefficient of friction is found
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Comparing Earthquake Cycles on Normal and Reverse Faults Based on Simulations With a Dynamic Elasto-Plastic Model J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-28 Guy Simpson
Shear stress levels on reverse faults are anticipated to be several times higher than on normal faults with the same pore pressure ratio. In addition, ruptures on normal faults release gravitational potential energy, whereas earthquakes on reverse faults expend work in uplifting rocks. In this study, I investigate the significance of these differences for earthquake cycles and I question whether the
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Rapid Ductile Strain Localization Due To Thermal Runaway J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-28 A. Spang, M. Thielmann, D. Kiss
Thermal runaway is a ductile localization mechanism that has been linked to deep-focus earthquakes and pseudotachylyte formation. In this study, we investigate the dynamics of this process using one-dimensional, numerical models of simple shear deformation. The models employ a visco-elastic rheology where viscous creep is accommodated with a composite rheology encompassing diffusion and dislocation
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Defining Hydrogeophysical Layers With Multi-Scale Geophysics for Increased Understanding of Mountain Basin Recharge J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-28 E. Smith, B. Carr
Basin aquifers are important groundwater sources in the Western United States that are increasingly stressed due to growing populations, increased resource use, and the impacts of climate change. These aquifers are mainly recharged through melting snowpack in the surrounding mountains that infiltrates to the water table and flows directly into the basin (Mountain Front Recharge), or through deeper
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Paleoseismology of the Northern Kongur Shan Extensional System, NE Pamir: Implications for Potential Irregular Earthquake Recurrence J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-27 Jin Ge, Xuhua Shi, Hanlin Chen, Ray Weldon, Richard Walker, Tao Li, Huili Yang, Jie Chen, Feng Li, Xiaochun Wei, Xiao Yang, Zhuona Bai, Yuqing Zhang, Yuanhai Shu, Xin Liu, Yixi Yan
The intricate and changing stress conditions within complex fault networks pose challenges in understanding earthquake recurrence and seismic hazards. The Kongur Shan Extensional System (KSES) in the northeastern Pamir, characterized by complex fault geometries and potentially variable surface loads in its surroundings, offers an ideal research area. Here we investigate three paleoseismic sites in
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The 3D Crustal Structure of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, East Antarctica, Using Variation of Information Joint Inversion of Gravity and Magnetic Data J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Maximilian Lowe, Tom Jordan, Max Moorkamp, Jörg Ebbing, Chris Green, Mareen Lösing, Teal Riley, Robert Larter
Direct geological information in Antarctica is limited to ice free regions along the coast, high mountain ranges, or isolated nunataks. Therefore, indirect methods are required to reveal subglacial geology and heterogeneities in crustal properties, which are critical steps toward interpreting geological history. We present a 3D crustal model of density and susceptibility distribution in the Wilkes
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The Effect of Hydrate Formation Conditions on the Mechanics of Laboratory Methane Hydrate-Bearing Sediments J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 L. Rake, S. Pinkert
The mechanics of methane hydrate-bearing sediments (MHBS) have been broadly investigated over recent years in the context of methane-gas production or climate-change effects. Their mechanical investigation has mainly been carried out using models constructed from experimental data obtained for laboratory-formed MHBS. Along with the dominant effects of hydrate saturation and morphology within the host
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Measurement of the Static Nonlinear Third-Order Elastic Moduli of Rocks: Problems and Applicability J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-25 Wenjing Wang, Douglas R. Schmitt
The third-order elastic (TOE) model has been used to describe the widely observed nonlinear mechanical behaviors of earth materials. In addition to linear elastic constants (λ, μ), three nonlinear elastic moduli (A, B, C) are required for isotropic rocks. Contrary to previous research on dynamic TOE moduli, this study followed the protocol to measure strain and stress under uniaxial and hydrostatic
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Issue Information J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-25
No abstract is available for this article.
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Modeling Subduction With Extremely Fast Trench Retreat J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-23 Diandian Peng, Dave R. Stegman
The Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone exhibits the fastest observed trench retreat and convergence near its northern end. However, a paradox exists: despite the rapid trench retreat, the Tonga slab maintains a relatively steep dip angle above 400 km depth. The slab turns flat around 400 km, then steepening again until encountering a stagnant segment near 670 km. Despite its significance for understanding
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Frictional Properties of Simulated Fault Gouges Subject to Normal Stress Oscillation and Implications for Induced Seismicity J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth (IF 3.9) Pub Date : 2024-09-20 Bowen Yu, Jianye Chen, Christopher J. Spiers, Shengli Ma, Miao Zhang, Wenbo Qi, Hao Chen
Under critical conditions where experimental fault slip exhibits self-sustained oscillation, effects of normal stress oscillation (NSO) on fault strength and stability remain poorly understood, as do potential effects of NSO on natural and induced seismicity. In this study, we employed double direct-shear testing to investigate the frictional behavior of a synthetic, slightly velocity-weakening (SVW)