Significant differences in the failure characteristics of surrounding rocks caused by complex lithologies and geological conditions have been observed in deep tunnels. In this work, a failure involving rockburst and collapse observed in a deep tunnel excavated by a tunnel boring machine (TBM) was introduced. The in-situ failure characteristics of granite with biotite interlayers with different biotite

Large-scale mining fractures resulting from repeated mining are a major cause of surface water loss in the northern Shaanxi mining area, China. Accurately detecting the evolution of mining-induced fractures is crucial for addressing the fragile ecological environment and ensuring coalmine production safety in this area. This study focuses on the close-multi coal seams mining at the Ningtiaota coalmine

This paper presents a case study of deep excavation using the artificial ground freezing (AGF) method for tunnel restoration work in the Nakdong River deltaic deposits. The study involved detailed construction monitoring and data analysis to assess the thermal and mechanical impacts on surrounding ground and underground structures. Factors influencing heat transfer were identified and evaluated for

Geological models are used for a range of applications relevant for engineering geology and the demands for reliable geological models with realistic uncertainty assessments are therefore increasing. The geological modelling workflow is divided into multiple steps, each associated with uncertainties. Often however, many of these sources of uncertainty are overlooked, which may lead to an underestimation

Scale of fluctuations (SOFs) of spatially variable soil properties have been regarded as one of the important parameters for performing reliability-based design in geotechnical engineering. However, the information required to estimate the SOFs in practice is limited, especially in the horizontal direction. In this study, the potential use of Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) to estimate

Soil desiccation cracking as a consequence of severe environmental changes alters soil deformation mechanisms significantly. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect of crack characteristics and environmental conditions on the heterogeneous deformation of desiccation-cracked soils using thermo-hydro-mechanical analyses. The model framework consists of balance equations, thermal, hydraulic,

Subsurface stratification is crucial for the construction safety of underground projects. The one-dimensional (1D) soil stratification aims at identifying segmentation points that separate soil strata. Current engineering practice mainly requires human judgement, which is time-consuming, labour-intensive, and heavily relies on domain expertise. Other probabilistic methods, such as Bayesian approaches

The quantitative analysis of the landslide risk posed to road networks is a challenging task owing to the uncertainty involved both in the potential landslide hazard and the road value. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a novel framework to assess the road risk in quantitative terms. The landslide hazard is assessed using the depth-integrated method with consideration of the landslide

Appropriate estimation of seismic moment release during fluid injection is critical to mitigate the risk of induced seismic hazards and to guide safe operation in the geo-energy industry. However, the present single-layer models overlook the contributions of fault slip in different rock layers to the seismic moment release. Here we report an analytical model incorporating a multiple-layer function

Fine particle loss in soil is one of the main causes of slope instability and geotechnical structure failure. Loss of fines can cause instability in granular assembles by changing the fabric and microstructure of the sample. However, real-time monitoring of the evolution of mechanical behavior in granular soils during the particle loss process is still poorly explored. This study presents a novel approach

Submarine landslides pose significant threats to subsea cables distributed on the global seabed. However, regional scale risk assessment of landslide geohazards is rarely reported. This study introduces a methodology for regional-scale geohazard risk prediction of submarine landslides, focusing on the northern continental slopes of the South China Sea. Initially, the study employed the infinite-slope

The quantitative analysis of rock mass damage is crucial in fields such as engineering geology, disaster prevention, mining, geotechnical engineering, and structural engineering. With the advancement and application of noncontact measurement technologies and fractal theory, image-based damage identification methods are gaining increasing importance. This paper presents an optimized binarization algorithm

Correlation between soil compression index (Cc) and state parameters is frequently referenced in studies investigating the fundamental mechanisms underlying changes in soil compressibility. However, developing an efficient formula for Cc that adequately captures the complexity of soil compressive behavior has been challenging for conventional approaches. This study utilized contemporary symbolic regression

Block theory is an important and commonly used method for addressing stability problems in rock engineering, and it is very meaningful to simplify its analysis procedure and improve its computational efficiency. In this paper, an improved vector method capable of simultaneously analyzing block removability and kinematics that works well for both convex and concave blocks is proposed. This improved

Freeze-thaw processes in cold regions alter soil pore structure and properties, leading to engineering geological issues. Soil pores are crucial, but research on their changes and freeze-thaw impacts is limited. This study used MRI-Cryogenic Soil Moisture Analyzer (MRI-CSMA) to explore pore structure, water, and temperature changes in saturated loess during freeze-thaw, and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Naturally completely decomposed granite (CDG) soil typically exhibits strain-hardening behavior under undrained shear conditions. Nevertheless, flow-type landslides are not uncommon in CDG landfills. This paper endeavors to address the observed contradiction by conducting a case study of the 2015 Shenzhen landslides. Based on field investigations, we propose a hypothesis for the initiation and evolution

Sensor-enabled piezoelectric geocables were combined with a geogrid to acquire a sensor-enabled piezoelectric geogrid (SPGG) based on the impedance–strain relationship. Tension, pullout, and straight shear tests were conducted on this SPGG configuration. The tension test results indicated that the tensile strain–normalized impedance curves were exponential in form within the first 7 % of strain and

Most seismic risk assessments primarily focus on the impact of ground acceleration on infrastructure. However, in Mexico, along with numerous countries in Latin America and beyond, a significant portion of earthquake risk stems from secondary environmental effects such as tsunamis, landslides, and liquefaction processes. These secondary effects can often prove more lethal than the earthquake shaking

During the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, extensive liquefaction of sand-like gravelly soil deposits was observed over an area of about 500 × 200 km2. Since gravel content significantly affects the stiffness and liquefaction resistance of gravelly soils, it has become an ongoing challenge for engineers to reliably and cost-effectively assess the liquefaction resistance of such soil deposits with different

Predicting landslide failure time is a critical issue in geotechnical engineering. Traditional methods often rely on the empirical power law of material failure to deterministically predict this time, which depends heavily on the accurate selection of precursor time series and the precise identification of the onset of the acceleration (OOA) deformation stage. In this paper, we present an innovative

Low curing temperature conditions (5–15 °C) in cold regions pose major challenges for soil improvement using conventional binders, underscoring the urgent need for solutions to enhance soil strength and ensure engineering safety. This study investigated the feasibility and temperature-dependent behaviors of bio‑carbonation of reactive magnesia (BCRM) technology for soil improvement in cold regions

Landslide mobility refers to how far and fast a landslide can move downslope. It controls landslide impact areas and damage power. Highly mobile landslides are often initiated on slopes steeper than 30°. However, on 18 December 2023, an earthquake-induced landslide (35°52′54″N, 102°51′10″E) exhibited extraordinary mobility, with an overall travel angle of 1.5°, breaking an on-land landslide record

Rainfall is one of the major factors inducing landslides. Stability analysis of the slope under the rainfall process is very important for disaster prevention and control. As a hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian computational method, the material point method (MPM) is highly suitable for simulating the large deformation processes of geomaterials. By using a GPU-based MPM software (CoSim-MPM), a novel coupling

The role of structural planes in controlling mudstone landslides is a key issue in the study of geo-disasters in the Loess Plateau of China. In this study, the effects of sliding-control structures on the mechanisms of mudstone landslides are investigated via three model experiments with different slope structures. The results show that the hydrological response and failure mode of the experimental

Post-earthquake debris flows pose significant hazards in mountainous regions following large seismic events. Evaluating the thresholds for predicting the occurrence of these flows is crucial. However, the absenting of comparison for different predicting methods hampers progress in improving and updating predictions for debris flows. In this study, based on on-site measurements of post-earthquake debris

In tropical areas where coral calcareous sands are prevalent, artificial freezing techniques are frequently employed during construction. However, the fundamental thermodynamic behaviors and moisture dynamics of calcareous sands under freezing conditions are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted laboratory tests and developed a numerical model to capture the total moisture, liquid water, and ice

This study explores the feasibility and limitations of using Rayleigh wave (Rg) ellipticity for noise-based seismic monitoring at near-surface depths (4–70 m). We use the degree of polarization (DOP) method to extract the Rayleigh wave ellipticity from seismic noise recordings, employing normalized cross-correlation and cross-covariance coefficients to quantify ellipticity variations over time. Synthetic

The world cultural heritage Bingling Temple Grottoes (BTG) is a typical sandstone cultural relic on the bank of Liujiaxia Reservoir in the semi-arid region of northwest China. After the construction of the Liujiaxia Reservoir, the changes in the hydrogeological and climatic conditions in the small region have accelerated the weathering process of the cliff bottom. However, the influence of the water

Predicting landslide failure times is an essential component in landslide risk management. Although in-situ sensor-supported landslide early warning systems are still predominantly used, their high cost makes it impractical to monitor all the landslides, thereby posing a major challenge for the effective landslide risk management. Hence, this study investigated this problem from an earth observation

This study develops an efficient Bayesian updating method with monitoring data for predicting the deformation of high rock slopes induced by excavation. The importance ranking based on random forest is introduced to identify the key rock parameters as random variables in the Bayesian updating. The surrogate models using support vector machine are constructed to approximate the physical numerical models

Pile network composite structures are used in the construction of high-speed railway subgrades. There have been few studies on their seismic dynamic response, however, which has restricted the accurate evaluation of their seismic performance. In this study, a series of shaking table tests on a pile network composite-reinforced soil high-speed railway subgrade were conducted. Particle image velocimetry

Energy storage is considered a viable solution for managing renewable energies, and rock is recognized as an economically feasible and environmentally friendly medium for sensible heat storage. Following the principle of utilizing local resources, fifteen major rock types from Hong Kong—covering igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic classifications—were collected and processed to required sizes for

Climate change is becoming a greater global challenge, leading to more frequent and intense extreme weather events, which in turn increase mountain hazards like shallow landslides and soil erosion. Ecological slope protection using vegetation has gained increasing attention to mitigate natural disasters in recent years. While numerous studies have demonstrated the contribution of root systems to soil

The existed understanding of stress-dilatancy behavior is predominantly based on experiments conducted with clean quartz sand, with limited research focusing on coral sand. Particularly, impacts of fines and density state on stress-dilatancy response of marine coral sand is of significant concern. This work presents a systematic investigation into these issues through meticulously controlled geotechnical

Determining the structure and evolution of landslides is crucial for geophysical hazard assessment. In this study, we employed an approach integrating the methodologies of multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and electrical conductivity to image temporal and spatial changes within a landslide in southern Poland. The area, located in the Outer Carpathians, experiences significant climate fluctuations

Persistency, as a key geometric parameter of joints, significantly affects shear strength parameters of jointed rock mass. A good understanding of how persistency affects shear behavior of joint is therefore crucial for better evaluation of stability of rock slope. To investigate the failure and micro-cracking behavior of non-persistent rock joint under direct shear, a novel Voronoi generation algorithm

The 25 July 2022 MW 7.0 and 25 October 2022 MW 6.4 earthquakes caused liquefaction in the lowlands of Northwestern Luzon, Philippines. With the widespread liquefaction occurrence, a methodology was developed for mapping and assessing its impacts, which combined mapping techniques, geomorphological analysis, review of historical liquefaction accounts and empirical equations, utilization of available

Several studies have established empirical correlations between shear wave velocity (Vs) and standard penetration test blow count (SPT-N) for engineering use. However, these empirical correlations cannot be applied to gravel-rich soils since the measured SPT-N is often inflated in gravel. Therefore, an empirical correlation of Vs for gravel is developed in this study using the Engineering Geological

Soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) play a crucial role in understanding soil behavior related to water movement and soil moisture effects, rendering them an essential tool in engineering geology and geotechnical engineering applications. Traditionally, SWCCs are determined through labor-intensive laboratory experiments involving varying levels of suction, a process that can take several months

The Daguangbao landslide (DGBL), the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, has received much attention, but its long-term post-earthquake evolution and driving force of activity are still poorly understood. As the evolutionary behavior of the DGBL is complicated by the influence of mainshock, aftershocks and rainfall, it is of great significance to study the dynamics of

For acidic industrial solid wastes, an effective cover system is needed to reduce the rainwater infiltration and oxygen intrusion, thus reducing the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD) from wastes. A three-layered cover using low-permeability neutralized slag (abbreviated as TCNS) at the bottom of the traditional capillary barrier cover is proposed, in line with the novel concept of “waste protecting

Floods rank among the most widespread and destructive natural hazards worldwide. The progressive degradation, impairment, and breach of earthen riverine levees can occur in both natural and anthropogenic environments, stemming from various scenarios or sequences of events. These may include hydraulic failure due to overtopping because of inadequate height, and structural failure occurring even prior

Engineering geology is highly affected by uncertainty related to geology, geotechnical parameters, models and methods. While the technical aspects of ground-related uncertainty are increasingly well investigated, the terminology to communicate uncertainty - e.g., “It is likely that X will happen.” - has not yet been unified and experts use it however they see fit. Due to varying experience, personal

Dealing with collapsible soils consistently presents a crucial challenge for geological and geotechnical engineers. Loess soil is among the most widely recognized types of collapsible soils, covering approximately 10 % of the Earth's land surface. Loessic soil is a sedimentary deposit primarily composed of silt-size grains, loosely bound together by calcium carbonate. In Iran, approximately 17 % of

On the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), crack-induced sliding in paleosols triggers retrogressive slope collapse, compromising the long-term stability of loess slopes. Establishing a quantitative relationship between crack depth and slide size is key to elucidating the progressive evolution of crack-induced sliding in paleosols; however, research on this topic is scarce. In this study, a model test was

Temperature increases in saturated clay alter the physicochemical clay-water interactions and may lead to the conversion of bound water into free water. These changes significantly influence the physical, chemical, and engineering properties of clays, which are critical for geotechnical and geological engineering and minimizing risks in areas with expansive clay soils. However, quantifying this phenomenon

Anisotropic microstructure would be generated in the bentonite block during unidirectional compactions. Working as buffer materials, the compacted bentonite will inevitably experience shearing processes during the long-term operation of geological repositories. In this paper, high-pressure triaxial tests were conducted on unsaturated compacted GMZ bentonite specimens with different water contents,

Assessing passive earth pressure is fundamental in geotechnical engineering practice. Mineral dissolution in the soil can reduce the soil strength, causing an overestimation of passive earth pressure in design. In this study, the effect of dissolution on passive earth pressure on retaining walls is investigated by using discrete element method, taking into account three modes of motion: translation

Caprock sealing efficiency is an essential guarantee for the long-term safety and stability of CO2 geological storage (CCS). However, the uncertainty in the physical and mechanical properties of deep formations poses challenges to accurately predict the risks of CO2 leakage resulting in CO2 breakthrough or caprock fracture. This study aims to address the issue of imperfect key indicators for caprock

Soil parameters form the foundation of hydrogeological research and are crucial for studying engineering construction and maintenance, climate change, and ecological environment effects in cold regions. However, the soil properties in the permafrost region of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) remain unclear. Hence, in this study, soil temperature (Ts), volumetric specific heat capacity (C), thermal conductivity

Seabed trenches, as a geological hazard, adversely influence the safety of adjacent anchors. Seabed trenches predominantly appear in the Gulf of Guinea, where the seabed soils exhibit some features, e.g., high plasticity, high water content and low shear strength. However, the marine engineering geology where seabed trenches appear is not well understood, as well as the trenching process related to

A DFN (Discrete Fracture Network) modelling approach is developed to couple stresses with fracture transmissivities and to evaluate large scale rock mass hydraulic conductivity. The transmissivity-stress coupling relies on a negative exponential correlation between normal stress acting on a fracture and fracture transmissivity, bounded by residual and maximal apertures. The remote stresses and the

The shear behaviour of granular materials at high velocities is crucial for understanding the high mobility of rapid landslides and the low-friction mechanisms behind them. Here, a numerical ring shear model driven by granular shear platens was developed, and this model was validated in terms of the kinematics and mechanics of the granular material. The granular material was then accelerated at different

The activity of a creeping active fault poses significant challenges to engineering structures due to surface deformation. Therefore, quantifying the strain concentration caused by an active fault, delineating the extent and location of the Active Fault Deformation Zone (AFDZ), estimating long-term deformation trends, and predicting future deformations are crucial in the field of engineering geology

Coral reef limestone (CRL) commonly undergoes dynamic tension when underground structures of island reefs encounter impacts, explosions, or seismic activities. Given the complexity of biological pores, the dynamic tensile fracture characteristics of CRL are poorly understood. Therefore, the dynamic tensile fracture behaviors of deep CRL were systematically observed by Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar tests

Since rocks will generate voltage under load, studying their voltage characteristics is of prime importance for the prevention and control of mine dynamic disasters and the corresponding secondary disasters. In this study, a pressure stimulated voltage (PSV) test system for rock materials under uniaxial compression was constructed to explore the law of PSV variations of rocks. Meanwhile, a nuclear

The geometry and the depositional configuration of sand bodies affected by the 2012 Emilia earthquakes (Bondeno site, northern Italy) were reconstructed and the role of the sediment stacking pattern was tested using data from full-scale blast experiments. The research integrates remote sensing and surface geological mapping, subsurface investigations including stratigraphic coring and cone penetration

Liquefaction and dynamic response of granular materials under dynamic loading has been studied intensively in field and laboratory tests. However, theoretical modeling and analytical solutions on liquefaction are still lagging and investigations are mostly restricted to laboratory observations. To investigate undrained liquefaction shear deformation and fluidity of granular material, the updated state

Weakly cemented sandstone (WCS) is a unique rock type widely distributed on the surface. Environmental factors such as groundwater and stress variations easily influence its fatigue mechanical properties and fracture characteristics. To design and evaluate the long-term stability of surrounding rock support in tunnel excavation and underground resource mining projects, investigating the fatigue mechanical

The initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures are closely related to the fracture ability of rocks. Such processes in shale reservoirs are, to a certain extent, controlled by bedding. However, the control mechanism of bedding on the anisotropy of fracture toughness and fracturing behavior remains unclear. In this study, a series of numerical notched semi-circular bend (NSCB) tests are conducted