Research on non-darcian flow behavior in fractured media is fundamental to understanding the governing laws flows in natural fractured aquifers, which is especially relevant in geothermal reservoir modeling. Although the Darcy model is utilized to describe slow flows in these geometries, quantitative descriptions of two-phase flows involving non-darcian effects in rough vertical fractures have received

In western China, longwall mining faces (LMFs) are usually equipped with a large cross-section pre-excavation recovery room (PRR). This type of entry is commonly reinforced with pumpable supports (PPS). This study investigates the stress and field failure behavior of the PPS, as well as the internal fracture mode of the roof above the PRR. A UDEC model has been developed and validated against field

Moderate-sized earthquakes of magnitude 6 are typically considered not as destructive as larger earthquakes (>M7), but this may be different when triggering geohazards in semi-arid environments. Agricultural production in such environments relies on irrigation, which increases liquefaction susceptibility, particularly in loess deposits that are highly porous, prone to structure collapse, and amplifying

In this paper a three-dimensional agro-hydrological model for shallow landslides' prediction is presented. The model is an extension of the CRITERIA-3D free-source model for crop development and soil hydrology, developed by the Hydrometeorological service of the Regional Agency for Environmental prevention and Energy of Emilia-Romagna region (Arpae-simc). The soil-water balance is computed through

Spreading is one of the key factors shaping the ridge-and-trough submarine morphology. There is a certain spatial correlation between submarine spreading and the occurrence of methane hydrate, yet the mechanism is not well understood and numerical evidence of this process is insufficient. This study presents a numerical study on hydrate-induced submarine spreading. A novel scheme is developed to couple

The structural integrity of a granular plugging zone is critical for its ability to withstand pressure in geological formations, directly impacting the success of drilling operations in oil, gas, and geothermal reservoirs. Mesoscopic force chains, formed by the contact between granules, are essential for pressure support in these zones. This study sheds light on the pressure stability of the granular

Estimation of permeability changes and fluid flow is necessary to ensure storage integrity during carbon storage in carbonate formations. This study evaluates the effect of thermal decarbonation driven by seismic slip along a carbonate fault on the leakage of pre-injected CO2. We constructed a centimeter-scale one-dimensional thermal decarbonation (1D-TD) model to investigate fault geometry and thermochemical

Climate change and airflow variations critically influence soil-atmosphere interactions and subsurface evaporation processes. This study investigates the role of particle and pore sizes in the drying dynamics of unsaturated coarse-grained granular media under low-humidity airflow, employing coupled nuclear magnetic resonance NMR and matric suction measurements. Comprehensive experiments analyze grain

Salt diapirs, despite their inherent instability related to salt flow and dissolution (terra infirma), are often the focus of significant economic activities and sensitive facilities (e.g., salt mining, hydrocarbon production, geostorage). Nonetheless, Differential Interferometry SAR (DInSAR) studies on active diapirs are relatively scarce and frequently lack field-based characterization and independent

Water injection-induced fault slip is a prevalent phenomenon in shale gas extraction activities. To investigate the effects of confinement pressure on the slip behavior and its underlying mechanism, this study conducted water injection slip tests on shale samples with prefabricated fractures under varying confining pressures. The test results demonstrated significant confinement pressure effects on

Estimating the spatial distribution of hydromechanical properties in the investigated subsoil by defining an Engineering Geological Model (EGM) is crucial in urban planning, geotechnical designing and mining activities. The EGM is always affected by (i) the spatial variability of the measured properties of soils and rocks, (ii) the uncertainties related to measurement and spatial estimation, as well

Accurate prediction of subsurface stratigraphy and geotechnical properties, along with quantification of associated uncertainties, is essential for improving the design and assessment of geotechnical structures. Several studies have utilized indirect data from Cone Penetration Tests (CPTs) and employed statistical and Machine Learning methods to quantify the geological and geotechnical uncertainty

This article presents a study of seismically-induced failure of massive steep rock slopes. A dynamic implementation of the bonded particle model (BPM) for rock is used to simulate the dynamic response and initiation of fracture in the slopes. Observation of forces that develop within the model in response to wave transmission and dynamic excitation provides insight into the fundamental mechanisms at

Landslides commonly evolve from slow, progressive movements to sudden catastrophic failures, with saturation and displacement rates playing significant roles in this transition. In this paper, we investigate the influence of saturation, displacement rate, and normal stress on the residual shear strength and creep behaviour of shear-zone soils from a reactivated slow-moving landslide in the Three Gorges

Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is one of commonly-used geophysical methods for site investigation in geological and geotechnical engineering. This study proposes a new Bayesian framework for probabilistic inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion curve (DC) from MASW to obtain the shear wave velocity (vs) profile along the depth. The proposed framework considers inequality constraints

Tunnel excavation in densely urbanised environments presents significant geotechnical challenges. Reliable design predictions, precise monitoring, and a thorough understanding of these challenges are crucial for ensuring the safety and stability of tunnels and surface structures. This study investigates the analysis of ground deformations caused by twin tunnel excavation using an EPB-TBM in alluvial

Back-analysis is an effective method for rapidly estimating soil strength parameters. However, soil spatial variability and the influence of autocorrelation function (ACF) are often inadequately considered. This study presents an efficient probabilistic Bayesian back-analysis for spatially varying soil parameters in earthquake-induced 3D landslide models. A surrogate model based on the Variance Reduction

Soil-rock mixtures (SRM) from mine overburden form heterogeneous dump slopes, whose stability relies on their shear strength properties. This study investigates the shear strength properties and deformation characteristics of SRM in both in-situ and laboratory conditions. Total twelve in-situ tests were conducted on SRM samples with a newly developed large scale direct shear apparatus (60 cm × 60 cm × 30 cm)

This paper introduces a simplified physics-based numerical slope stability model that accurately models progressive failure, the impact of changing landslide geometry, and the legacy of weakening caused by coseismic shaking. The model incorporates the wave equation and employs finite difference to preserve mass and momentum during landslide movements. The model agrees well with physical modeling of

Microseismic activity is a critical indicator of stress redistribution, geological anomalies, and potential hazards in underground mining environments. Traditional clustering methods, however, often fail to capture the complexity of spatiotemporal distributions and the diverse triggering mechanisms of mining-induced microseismic events. To address this gap, we propose a novel clustering framework that

Subaerial landslide-tsunamis (SLTs) are generated by mass movements such as landslides, rockfalls, debris flows and iceberg calving impacting water bodies, posing significant hazards to humans and infrastructure. Events like the 2014 Lake Askja rockslide and the 2022 Capitólio toppling cases highlight their potential dangers. SLT characteristics depend on the mass movement type (MMT) such as sliding

The geological environment of coal mines often includes thin coal seams, in which the geological structures have great randomness and uncertainty. Three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling and stratigraphy uncertainty quantification reflect the complexity of geological conditions, as well as contribute to safe and efficient underground mining. In this paper, a 3D geological modeling method of thin

Since the 1980s, the Hong Kong Government has been exploring the construction of rock caverns as a sustainable solution to alleviate land scarcity. Fire safety remains a paramount concern in the operation of underground rock caverns. Fires not only pose significant risks to personnel evacuation and firefighting intervention but also present substantial challenges for post-disaster repair and fire-resistant

Rainfall-induced debris slides are a major geological hazard in the Himalayan region, where slopes often comprise heterogeneous debris—a complex mixture of rock and soil. The complex nature makes traditional soil or rock testing methods inadequate for assessing such debris's engineering behaviour and failure mechanisms. Alternatively, reduced-scale flume experiments may aid in understanding the failure

With the exploitation of deep-earth energy, the challenges posed by fatigue disturbance and high temperatures are becoming increasingly severe. This paper studies fracture characteristics and fatigue failure signals of thermal storage rock under stepwise pulsation pressurization (SPP). First, the evolution of macroscopic mechanical parameters such as strength-deformation, fracture toughness, and fracture

The fluid migration (including gases) in sedimentary rocks affects fluid overpressurization, resource enrichment, and other geologic processes in the basin, while fluid mobility is mainly controlled by low-permeability rocks. This study evaluated the gas transport in low-permeability rocks in various confining and pore pressures conditions by experimental methods. Firstly, we measured the gas permeability

The exponential growth of digital data and advancements in machine learning have greatly enhanced subsurface visualization. However, text data has rarely been utilized in 3D lithological modeling, as scientific research tends to favor numerical data. This study introduces an integrated machine learning framework that leverages Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze lithological descriptions and

This study investigates the instability and slip behavior of Longmaxi shale faults with specific surface morphologies under monotonic fluid injection. The results indicate that the slip process can be categorized into dynamic and quasi-dynamic slip stages, with both the injection rate and surface morphology significantly influencing fault slip characteristics and stability. An increase in the injection

Surveying methods such as digital photogrammetry and laser scanning have been used to detect surficial changes by comparing two 3D models. This study deals with the manipulation of 3D digital models of rock slopes within the scope of rockfall monitoring which includes the objective of detecting and quantifying rockfall events as discrete blocks. Current change detection methods for rockfalls are based

Rainfall-induced landslides are a prevalent geological hazard worldwide, causing severe ecological and socio-economic impacts. While they can be triggered by extreme rainfall, typhoon storms, and prolonged low-intensity rainfall, the damage caused by landslides from prolonged low-intensity rainfall is often underestimated. However, catastrophic landslides can occur when such rainfall couples with fragile

Adequate calibration of material parameters is the prerequisite for credible long-term deformation prediction of reservoir bank slopes. In this study, a creep parameter inversion method accounting for water effect and mechanical characteristics of rock masses is proposed. The elasto-viscoplastic model based on internal variables is introduced in inversion, which incorporates transient pore pressure

Despite over six decades of field and laboratory investigations, theoretical studies, and advances in constitutive modeling, questions remain on the fundamental issues concerning liquefaction mechanisms, the collective influence of multiple factors on excess pore water pressure (EPWP) generation, and liquefaction triggering criteria. This paper presents the general apparent viscosity- and average flow

Yield stress is an important parameter determining the transport of debris flow. The main metal cations (Na+, Ca2+, and Al3+), of debris flow, were seldom studied on the yield stress. In this paper, clay, standard sand and gravel are configured in the ratio of 1:2:4 by mass to form the solid-phase portion of the debris flow respectively. Various metal cations (Na+, Ca2+, and Al3+) with different concentrations

Siliceous sand is widely encountered in the Yellow Sea, China, in which offshore wind and photovoltaic farms have been gradually constructed. The suction caisson has been proven to be suitable to support the upper structures due to its easy installation and retrieval. However, the high strength and compactness of the siliceous sand may increase the difficulty in the suction caisson installation. Also

The soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) of highly weathered tropical soils is often bimodal, presenting two main slopes that are strongly related to the macro and micropores. The bimodal SWCC behavior is commonly attributed to fine particle aggregations that affect soil fabric and its pore-size distribution. In this paper, the relationship between basic soil properties (e.g., the Atterberg limits

Fracture spatial distributions significantly impact the mechanical properties of rocks and play a vital role in subsurface flow and transmission. However, many studies generate random geometrical distributions for fractures, leading to unrealistic subsurface models. This paper describes a new method for analyzing and modeling fracture spatial distributions based on borehole and outcrop observations

Landslides occurring in mountain reservoirs could induce severe geological hazards, posing substantial risks on both the infrastructure and life. Considering the hazards always encompass different spatial and temporal scales, this paper proposes a novel hybrid Discrete Element Method (DEM) - Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Shallow Water Equations (SWEs) method to study the landslide motion

Deepwater oil and gas resources are vital for meeting global energy demand, supporting economic growth, and ensuring energy security. The marine engineering geology of deepwater environment presents significant challenges for drilling operations, with rock behavior of deep granitic formations increasing the risk of well control incidents. Rate of Penetration (ROP) is a crucial parameter for evaluating

When a tunnel is constructed using drilling and blasting techniques beneath a landfill, investigating the propagation laws of blast-induced vibration waves within the landfill is crucial for ensuring the successful construction of the tunnel and maintaining the stability of the landfill. This study, based on on-site monitoring data, employed the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive

Soil liquefaction is a major contributor to earthquake damage. Evaluating the potential for liquefaction by conventional experimental or empirical methods is both time-intensive and laborious. Utilizing a machine learning model capable of precisely forecasting liquefaction potential might diminish the time, effort, and expenses involved. This research introduces an innovative predictive model created

Improper anti-drainage treatment of weakly expansive soil subgrades can lead to significant post-construction deformation and uneven settlement, which severely affect the operational safety and service life of engineering projects. To comprehensively analyze the evolution of soil volume and strength under different hydraulic coupling paths during wetting-drying (W-D) cycles, a loaded W-D cycle testing

In seismically active Taiwan, soil liquefaction poses a significant challenge to offshore wind farm development. This study introduces an advanced artificial neural network (ANN) model to assess liquefaction susceptibility, trained on a synthetic database using parameters from the NCEER method. Among six machine learning techniques evaluated, the proposed ANN model demonstrated outstanding predictive

The integration of the finite element method with probabilistic approaches accounting for uncertainties has become a widely adopted strategy for accurately modelling seepage (Q) in embankment dams. However, this approach is time-intensive, prompting this study to conduct a probabilistic analysis encompassing both steady-state and transient seepage to demonstrate the efficiency of using artificial neural

Probabilistic site characterizations, which primarily involve delineating soil stratification and assessing the spatial variability of soil properties, is crucial for geotechnical reliability analysis and risk assessment. Geotechnical site investigation typically produces sparse, multiple-source and multiple-type data. However, most current site characterization methods can only handle a single type

The VS30 was introduced as a representative parameter of the site's seismic amplification and is currently considered to prescribe site-dependent design response spectra. Although the determination of VS30 by geophysical methods can be time-consuming, using empirical relationships between this quantity and the slope of the terrain is a rapid and very low-cost procedure that may be sufficient for some

Bonded Block Model (BBM) is gaining popularity in understanding the grain-scale micromechanics along with the macroscopic response of rocks to a variety of loading. However, the understanding of the application of BBM and the effect of different parameters on the estimated dynamic behaviour of rocks is lacking. This study aims to investigate the effect of different sample, experimental and modelling

The moisture accumulation and freezing damage of coarse-grained fill (CGF) in high-speed railway (HSR) subgrades have been widely concerned. Based on the newly developed water-vapor-heat-mechanical coupling test apparatus, a series of soil column tests were carried out to investigate the frost heave mechanism of CGF. The results indicate that the liquid water in CGF is discontinuous and difficult to

In-situ stress has become the main factor affecting the safe, efficient, and precise blasting excavation of deep rock masses. The blasting crater is a key research subject for understanding the principles of blasting action in deep rock masses. To explore the theoretical model of the spatiotemporal propagation of blasting stress waves, the formation mechanism of the blasting crater, and the evolution

Counterweight fill, which involves adding mass to potentially unstable areas, such as the slope base or toe, is a common and effective technique for slope stabilization owing to its ease of installation and familiarity. As both a temporary and permanent preventive measure, both the design and analysis of counterweight fill require careful consideration to ensure a balanced distribution of the added

We develop a methodology for building stochastic discrete fracture networks (DFNs) based on the solution of a generalized version of the stereology inverse problem incorporating constraints derived from fracture stratigraphy. The DFN is simulated inside a layer-cake model, whose interfaces conform to the available fracture stratigraphy information. For each layer, estimates of the power law exponent

Engineering geological investigations indicate that confined water exists in the stratum during the warm season in permafrost regions and in underground engineering employing artificial ground freezing (AGF) to isolate groundwater, causing significant upward deformation of the stratum and frost damage to engineering structures. However, limited studies have explored the effect and mechanism of hydraulic

Mapping and evaluating rock mass discontinuities using point clouds is a critical task in mining, civil, and geological engineering. Rock discontinuities can significantly impact the integrity, strength, and stability of rock masses. The orientation of these discontinuities is also a key characteristic of the rock mass. Accurate orientation estimation from point clouds enables more precise predictions

The permeability of undeformed, deformed and/or altered granites (Toki, Inada), and artificial porous ceramics, were tested by gas-probe permeameters (steady-state gas flow and transient pressure-pulse). The gas leak evaluation is essential in such tests. Here we demonstrate that stabilized apparent permeability vs. applied load does not guarantee no-leak condition, but the gas leaks are effectively

Efficient prediction of landslide dam stability is crucial for emergency response and damage reduction. In this study, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on eight landslide dam characteristics. Four machine learning (ML) algorithms, namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Logistic Regression (LR), are then applied to predict the stability of

The active Chegualin Fault in southwestern Taiwan's mudstones exhibits high annual horizontal and vertical displacement rates, severely damaging the viaduct section of National Freeway No. 3 and endangering driving safety. The Chegualin Fault displays interseismic creep characteristics, which have always been a topic of concern. This study discusses the factors that affect fault behavior, including

Rock slope failures occur frequently in mountainous regions. However, research on the internal deformation and failure evolution mechanism of fractured valley rock slopes caused by dominant crack propagation remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, this study used the bank slope of the newly constructed Nujiang Grand Bridge as a prototype to perform model tests on slopes with dominant cracks

Earthquake is one of the main factors inducing landslide. By establishing a viscoelastic soil-elastic bedrock binary slope model, this research proposes a seismic stability evaluation approach that can consider the material properties and geometric characteristics of the slope. First, it is assumed that seismic waves vertically propagate from the base as harmonic waves. Second, the model satisfies

The uncertainty of soil properties and their cross-correlations play significant roles in probabilistic results, emphasizing the need to consider rational and accurate values. In this study, the cross-correlations among soil properties (cohesion, friction angle, and unit weight of soil) were identified using data obtained from 100 ground surveys conducted on natural mountain slopes, confirming a strong

In cold regions, the migration of soil and rock particles during freeze-thaw cycles results in uniquely patterned ground. Migration mechanisms of rock particles with inverse grading in talus are still unclear in scree deposits. Here, we designed a physical model test using a camera, a displacement meter, and a thermometer to investigate the migration behavior and related migration mechanisms of scree

At present, the three-dimensional (3D) landslide post-failure behaviors probabilistic model has been limited due to many technical challenges, especially computational efficiency. This also restrains the exploration of the impact of geometries and geo-conditions in the direction perpendicular to the 2D plane. This study proposes a novel 3D stochastic numerical simulation model combined the high-performance