Climatic extremes are becoming increasingly common against a background trend of global warming. In the oceans, marine heatwaves (MHWs)—discrete periods of anomalously warm water—have intensified and become more frequent over the past century, impacting the integrity of marine ecosystems globally. We review and synthesize current understanding of MHW impacts at the individual, population, and community levels. We then examine how these impacts affect broader ecosystem services and discuss the current state of research on biological impacts of MHWs. Finally, we explore current and emergent approaches to predicting the occurrence andimpacts of future events, along with adaptation and management approaches. With further increases in intensity and frequency projected for coming decades, MHWs are emerging as pervasive stressors to marine ecosystems globally. A deeper mechanistic understanding of their biological impacts is needed to better predict and adapt to increased MHW activity in the Anthropocene.

中文翻译：

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海洋热浪的生物影响


在全球变暖的背景趋势下，极端气候变得越来越普遍。在海洋中，海洋热浪 （MHW）（异常温暖的离散时期）在过去一个世纪中愈演愈烈，并变得更加频繁，影响了全球海洋生态系统的完整性。我们回顾并综合了当前对 MHW 在个人、人群和社区层面影响的理解。然后，我们研究了这些影响如何影响更广泛的生态系统服务，并讨论了 MHW 生物影响的研究现状。最后，我们探讨了预测未来事件发生和影响的当前和新兴方法，以及适应和管理方法。随着未来几十年强度和频率的进一步增加，MHW 正在成为全球海洋生态系统的普遍压力源。需要更深入地了解它们的生物学影响，以更好地预测和适应人类世中增加的 MHW 活动。